Dadaddun jinsunan fungi. Rare da kuma namun dajin na fungi, shuke-shuke da dabbobi Rasha Red Littafi

Tattara namomin kaza a cikin dazuzzuka, 'yan daga mu tunani a kan gaskiyar cewa sun, kamar sauran shuke-shuke da dabbobi na iya zama a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. Wasu daga cikinsu sun dade dadaddun da kuma daina girma a cikin kasar. Menene wannan dadadden jinsin namomin kaza? Kuma abin da suke a halin yanzu a hatsarin karewa?

Mene ne muhimmancin namomin kaza a duniya al'ummar yanayin kasa?

Mutane da yawa zaton cewa namomin kaza ne kawai ake bukata domin adam amfani. Hakika, suna da kyau, kuma a cikin soyayyen da Boiled da kuma bushe, kuma pickled siffofin. Duk da haka, ban da yin kawar da mutum daga jin yunwa, da suka taka wata babbar rawa a cikin duniya yanayin kasa. Gaskiyar cewa shi ne namomin kaza ne ba makawa kashi cewa yana da muhimmanci ba kawai ga mutane amma kuma dukan yanayi.

Alal misali, saprophytic fungal jinsunan maimaita maras so sharan kuma kayayyakin da sauran shuka rai, kazalika da a lokacin da wani ikon su koma bangare daga cikin kayan baya a cikin ƙasa. A lokacin da wannan aka yanke namomin kaza abubuwa saukin tunawa da sauran 'yan yanayin kasa. Mene ne m da kuma namun dajin na fungi, karanta on.

Mycorrhizal fungi cewa girma a kan itatuwa, taimaka samar da "symbiotic makwabta 'bukatar su ga laima. Yeasts suna dauke da wani kyakkyawan albarkatun kasa ga masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci. Penicillin amfani a samar da penicillin.

A takaice, da namomin kaza ne da amfani da kuma dole ga cikakken ci gaban da shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da mutane. Duk da haka, saboda gurbacewar muhalli, saboda deforestation, masu yawa daga cikinsu a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. A kowace shekara da namun dajin na namomin kaza kawai girma. A yawan amfani jinsunan rage-rage. Don hana nau'i nau'i na jinsunan naman kaza, shi wajibi ne don sanin yadda jinsin ne a cikin hatsari.

Amanita pineal, ko da farko dan takarar don nau'i nau'i

Daya daga cikin na farko jinsunan fungi a cikin jerin ne m Amanita Strobiliformis. Yana da kyawawan kyau wakilin naman kaza tare da farin tushe da kuma hula. Ya na da fari fleshy angaren litattafan almara, da kuma manyan kusurwa Sikeli, manyan, kusan wanka zobe a tsakiyar kafafu. Its tsawon shi ne 8-15 cm da kuma fadin -. 4.2 cm baya shekaru wakilan irin wannan da halayyar da taguwar juna fringing kafar naman gwari.

Abin mamaki, wannan rare naman kaza nufin da edible. Yana iya rushe, kuma bayan pretreatment ci ba tare da tsoron guba. Idan kana sha'awar namun dajin na namomin kaza a Rasha, wannan shi ne daidai da irin abin da ya kamata a kiyaye. Kamar yadda na farko bayani, da pineal amanita za a iya samu a cikin itacen oak gandun daji na Belgorod yankin.

Sparassis crispa, naman kaza ko kabeji

Na biyu naman kaza a cikin bukatar kariya - sparassis crispa. Saboda da sabon abu tsarin hula shi ne sau da yawa kira wani naman kaza ko cleft kabeji. Musamman rare edible naman gwari, na a gidan sparassidaceae.

Outwardly, shi kama wani teku soso ko wani matashi shugaban kabeji a cikin kumbura form. Its shugaban yana da wani mai siffar zobe ko irregularly siffar zobe siffar 5-20 cm tsawo da kuma kamar 6-30 cm a fadin. Wani lokaci da nauyin da m misali iya isa 6-10 kg. Girma irin wannan kusa da itatuwan da kututture.

Yana iya zama wani zaɓi sauya a cikin namun dajin na namomin kaza a Rasha, kamar yadda ya auku a kasar mu ne musamman rare. Saboda wannan dalili shi sparassis aka jera a matsayin miyagun. A lokacin da tarin a cikin yanayi ne tsananin haramta, don haka wasu fungi masoya artificially bred shi.

Tare da allura, amma bushiya

M tsarin yana da wani wakilin miyagun fungi - raincoat allura. An halin gaban zagaye huluna da yawa spines. A diamita ta jiki -. Kawai 2-4 cm Yana sanye take da wani babban zagaye kai-hula da kuma gwada da gajerun kafafu. Kawaici a wannan naman gwari a Inuwa coniferous da deciduous gandun daji. Suna girma a kan itace da rufe rot. Akwai guda kofe.

Namun dajin na namomin kaza Red Littafi: Boletus fari

Wani kyau edible naman kaza, wanda ake yi musu wa'adi da nau'i nau'i - Boletus fari. A nasa ne da HALITTAR Lektsinum, kuma yana da halayyar da farin launi da kamshin sabo naman kaza. Yana elongate kafa da kananan ko haske brownish flake oblong da taso keya kananan shugaban tare da wani overall diamita na game da 25 cm.

Don hadu da wannan naman kaza na iya zama a Birnin Leningrad, Penza, Murmansk da kuma Moscow yankuna.

Bace naman kaza da kurma ko Gyroporus Cyanescens

Idan kana sha'awar a rare da kuma namun dajin da namomin kaza, ya kamata ka kula da ban mamaki naman kaza kurma. Menene da halaye? Wannan babban naman kaza tare da wani lokacin farin ciki hat, ya kai wani diamita na 5-15 cm. Yana yana da wani lebur ko dan kadan convex launin toka-kasa-kasa ko launin ruwan kasa-yellow hat. Ya kafa fairly m, tare da thickening a gindi. A tsawon kafafu, yawanci ne 5-10 cm da kauri - na 1.5 zuwa 3 cm.

Idan ka rip wani naman kaza da kuma karaya, za mu iya ganin cewa ya kafa karaya asali launi canje-canje. Ya juya blue ko shunayya. Nemo naman gwari za a iya gauraye ko deciduous gandun daji a karkashin birches, itatuwan oak, da chestnut itatuwa. Duk da haka, yanayi ne da musamman rare, don haka aka jera a matsayin miyagun.

Red naman kaza tare da kyalle hat

Biya da hankali ga dukkan miyagun jinsunan shuke-shuke da kuma fungi, ba za mu iya gaya game da chestnut namomin kaza. Wannan kyakkyawan iri-iri pileate tubular namomin kaza tare da zangarniya na brownish launi, da m ciki. Yana kama da wani farin naman gwari, sabanin abin da yana da chestnut-kasa-kasa ko ja-kasa-kasa tafiya tare da diamita daga 40 zuwa 110 mm.

Ana iya gani a cikin Caucasus a kudancin Rasha da kuma a Yammacin Siberia. Yana tsiro, yafi a cikin lokaci daga watan Yuli zuwa watan Satumba. Yana da musamman rare a cikin yanayi, sabili da haka kunshe a cikin Red Littãfi.

Rare Grifola frondosa, ko naman gwari-rago

Amsa wannan tambaya na abin da su ne rare da kuma namun dajin na fungi, kula da Grifola frondosa. Wannan musamman edible naman kaza da ciwon m crispy 'ya'yan jiki tsarin da game da 80 cm. Sau da yawa wadannan fungi ne iya cimma fiye da 10 kg.

Yawanci, da naman kaza-rago kunshi wani babban yawan kananan lebur iyakoki da ba fiye da 10 cm a diamita. Kamar haka duk iyakoki da raba kafafu emanating daga sananniyar tushe.

Wannan naman gwari ke tsiro sau da yawa a gindin itatuwa kamar Maple, Beech, chestnut. Musamman rare. Abin da sauran namun dajin na fungi wanzu, muke gaya on.

M m cortinarius

Cortinarius violaceus - kyau naman kaza, samu a Birnin Leningrad, ya, Moscow, Murmansk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Vologda da Sverdlovsk yankuna.

Cortinarius - shi ne edible naman kaza, da ciwon halayyar blue-Violet launi. Yana yana pincushion hula tare da diamita na game da 15 cm, da kuma babban zangarniya 6-12 cm high kuma 1-2 cm a fadin. A ta sama ɓangare akwai kananan flakes.

Magani lingzhi naman kaza

The rare da kuma namun dajin na shuke-shuke da kuma fungi ya kamata a rubuta da wannan saprophytic wakilin Ganodermovyh iyali kamar yadda lingzhi naman kaza. Wannan kyau lebur naman kaza, aka fi sani da "naman kaza dawwama" ko "Ling Zhi". Yana yana da wani m surface hula na ja, ruwan kasa, ko shunayya, da m woody ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Its main alama ne na gina jiki da cewa shi ya ƙunshi. Shi ne kuma gode masa saboda wannan naman gwari sa magani tinctures.

Girma da naman gwari, wanda aka kunshe a cikin Red Littãfi, a cikin Amur yankin, a Japan, Korea da kuma China. A Rasha, kowa a cikin Arewa Caucasus, kazalika a yankin Krasnodar, da Stavropol yankuna.

M blackberries staghorn

Karatu miyagun shuke-shuke, fungi da dabbobi, wanda ba zai iya manta da game da irin wannan sabon abu naman gwari, staghorn kamar blackberries. Wannan ne mai matukar rare naman kaza wakilin, yana da shida Categories rarity matsayi da kuma nasa ne da Monuments na halitta.

Blackberries yana da wani sabon abu da tsarin da yake gani reminiscent na marine murjani fari. Ya ke tsiro a kan kututture da kututturan itatuwa (mafi yawa - a kan Birch da Aspen). An samu a cikin Rasha Federation reserves a kan ƙasa na Lake Baikal a Eastern Siberia. Kunshe a cikin Littafi Red.

Abin da namomin kaza suna dauke sun bace?

A shafi "dadadden jinsin fungi," ya kamata a yi wa waɗanda mambobi, kamar:

• Felloriniya knobbly.
• Veselka Hadrian.
• Omfalina cinder.
• Pholiota uglelyubivaya.
• Geopiksis kwal.
• Karbofil da sauransu.

A kowace shekara, wannan jerin ne kawai girma. Ina murna da cewa da yawa rare fungi a halin yanzu mutane sun koyi artificially girma. Wannan dabarar, bisa ga masana, zai taimaka rage girman dadadden jinsin fungi.

Rare jinsin dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke na Rasha Federation

Kamar yadda ka gani, cikin jerin jerin "miyagun kuma dadadden jinsin fungi" iya tafi a kan kuma a kan. Amma ban da fungi, da yawa shuke-shuke, da dabbobi da tsuntsaye suna kuma barazana da nau'i nau'i. Alal misali, daga cikin dabbobin da za a iya bambanta Siberian shrew, Daubenton ta jemage, ruwan kasa Usana, gandun daji-steppe marmot, talakawa bushiya, deer Siberian da sauransu. By miyagun tsuntsaye sun hada da babban Malabar grebe, babban Malabar grebe, ko, m heron, black shamuwa, mafi girma Flamingo, ja-breasted Goose da sauransu.

Daga cikin tsire-tsire ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i: thoroughwax stranded, Kitagawa Baikal, dory angustifolia, Alfred drooping da sauransu.