A KH-90 "koala": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

Hypersonic makami mai linzami KH-90 - wani sabon Rasha super-makami a mayar da martani ga Washington ta makami mai linzami tsaron shirin. Bayyanar da kuma bayani dalla-dalla da makamai masu linzami saboda wasu dalilai ne a soja m. A cewar wasu kafofin, irin makamai masu linzami da suke da za a dauka a cikin sabis da shekara 2010.

The shugaban kasar Rasha ya bayyana cewa, hypersonic makami mai linzami KH-90 "koala" shi ne iya shawo kan duk wani daga cikin sani da kuma makami mai linzami daidai buga manufa kamar yadda ya nahiyar da kuma sauran nahiyoyi.

A labarin na roka

Global makami mai linzami aikin da aka halitta a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da baya a sittin. A ra'ayin kunshi a kau da warheads bayan da yanayi cikin Duniya kewayewa da cewa ta ke juya a cikin wani mutum da aka yi da tauraron dan adam, da kuma bayan da braking engine aka aiko zuwa kawota ga manufar halaka.

A shekara ta 1971, da ciwon cikin shirye aikin na kananan dabarun cruise makamai masu linzami, Soviet zanen kaya sun juya zuwa ga gwamnatin da su aiwatar da wannan aikin. A wannan shekara, da mayar da martani da aka ba bi. Amma daga farkon cin gaban dabarun cruise makamai masu linzami a shekarar 1975 ta Amurka tun 1971. manta zanen da aka umurce su da su fara aikin a shekarar 1976 da kuma kammala shi a shekarar 1982. By karshen shekarar 1983 riga an shirya zuwa sama "da sabuwar sanya" roka zuwa sabis. Bukatun da roka sun mafi girma. Kuma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne a cimma da supersonic gudun. A cikin eighties gudun ya riga hudu Makhov.

A MAKS-1997 a NGO babban tanti "Bakan Gizo" (wannan shiri da aka bunkasa makamai masu linzami) Baƙi riga iya ganin hypersonic jirgin sama GLA, wanda ya zama samfur na nan gaba na sabon cruise makami mai linzami.

Ga wadanda suke so su fahimta abin da ya kama makami mai linzami KH-90, photo sama.

roka Feature

SFA ya kamata gudanar da biyu warhead iya a nesa daga sama zuwa ɗaya da ɗari kilomita bugawa suke hari a kan nasu. Da farko, da tsawon na roka ne daidai da goma sha biyu mita. Daga bisani, duk da haka, ya yiwu za a rage zuwa tsawon takwas zuwa tara mita. Bayan rabuwarsa da jirgin sama jigilar kayayyaki a cikin roka bayyana triangular fuka-fuki da span na ba fiye da bakwai da mita, kazalika da wutsiya. Bayan da cewa m-type totur, da barin makami mai linzami ya kai supersonic gudun. Sa'an nan ya fara aiki boosters, ɓullo da wani gudun hudu zuwa biyar Makhov. A radius daga mataki na irin wannan makami mai linzami zo zuwa dubu uku da ɗari biyar kilomita.

jefa abin hawa

Tu-160 ne supersonic, dabarun makami mai linzami da ciwon reshe tare da m shafa. Yana da aka ci gaba a cikin eighties a kirar Tupolev da kuma halin kaka a sabis tun shekarar 1987.

Da farko, da makamai da aka za a saka wani mutum ɗari cars, amma saboda dagewa da Amirkawa nace cewa kai harin da za a hada a cikin kwangila na Vietnam, na yi tsaya a talatin da uku motoci.

Bayan Tarayyar Soviet rushe m aka raba tsakanin jamhuriyoyin.

By 2013, akwai goma sha shida a cikin Armed Forces of Rasha da irin wannan jirgin sama. Suna duka bisa Volga a Engels.

"White Swan"

Shi ne mafi girma da kuma heaviest supersonic fama jirgin sama a duniya, wanda yana cikin mafi girma Take-kashe taro daga cikin kai harin. Matukan jirgi a tsakãninsu auna kira shi "White Swan" saboda m da kuma siririn siffar.

Amma yana da wasu sunaye, "da takobi da goma sha biyu ruwan wukake", "tauyewa", "da al'umma ta makamai", "Rasha Flying mu'ujiza." A NATO kira shi saboda wasu dalilai, Blackjack.

TU-160M an kyautata Tu-160, wanda aka sanya a wani sabon kayan lantarki da makamai X-90 roka. Ya iya kawo wani misali da makamai, misali, 90 OFAB-500U, amma hidima a matsayin m X 90 hypervelocity maneuvering roka.

Kowane inji yana da nasa sunan kansa, misali: "Ilya Muromets", "Alexander Molodshy", "Mikhail Gromov," da sauransu.

Propellants da mota a cimma hypersonic

Hypersound - mai sauri wanda shi ne mafi girma fiye da 5 gudu haske ko biyar Mach. Domin da sosai gajeren lokaci da cewa gudun iya isa yawa da makamai masu linzami da na al'ada injuna domin su. Amma tashi a wani babban gudun na dogon lokaci shi ne zai yiwu ne kawai idan da makami mai linzami da aka bayar tare da wani scramjet. Haka kuma an kira skramdzhet.

Babban alama da kuma amfani da wannan engine ne cewa shi ba ya bukatar mu kawo tare da su wani oxidant. A wannan engine aka yi amfani da na yanayi oxygen. Fuel for gaske GPRVD ne hydrogen ko kananzir.

Don ci gaba da irin wannan engine ya fara a cikin hamsin hamsin na karshe karni. Kuma na farko daftarin jirgin sama tare da irin injuna suka bayyana a cikin sittin. Designers ci gaba sarari tsarin - reusable "Karkace", wanda kunshi wani hypersonic jirgin sama accelerates da orbital soja jirgin sama, da ciwon da wani roka kara amfani. Hypersonic wãtsa, jirgin saman ya kamata ya hanzarta zuwa Mach shida hydrogen man fetur da kuma zuwa hudu da rabi a kan kananzir. Amma a karshen an yanke shawarar ba da na'ura na turbojet injuna.

Hypersonic pryamotochniki suka fara samar a cikin seventies, ta amfani da na'urorin anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami.

NASP da TU-2000

A shekarar 1986, a mayar da martani ga Amurka shirin Appolo, bisa ga NASP aikin a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, an yanke shawarar kafa wani m kwatankwacin NASP, reusable guda-mataki video gudanar da taro. Project m TU-2000 aka amince da bayyana fara nauyi a ɗari uku da sittin ton, gudun Mach shida, range goma kilomita dubu a tsawon talatin kilomita.

A aikin da aka yi, amma saboda rushewar Tarayyar Soviet, suka fara ci kasãla. Mahalarta na aikin fito a kan wani matakin kasa da kasa da kuma fara yin hadin gwiwa tare Faransa zanen kaya. Duk da haka, aiki tare, kamar yadda aka nuna da m gwaje-gwajen, shi ne m.

A lokaci guda, da NASP aikin ma ba su sãɓã ba yawa nasarar da rufe a cikin nineties.

Duk da haka, a gaskiya, ba Rasha kuma Amurka ba za su daina gaba ɗaya a kan hypersonic.

"Tsaro-2004"

A shekara ta 2004, cikin koyarwar "Tsaro-2004" da aka gudanar. Suka halarci kai harin TU-160 tare da makamai da ake kira da makami mai linzami KH-90 "koala".

Da cewa wannan shekarar, da shugaban kasar Rasha VV Putin ya bayyana cewa Rasha Armed Forces zai sami a nan gaba da irin wannan fama tsarin da za su iya high-daidaici a hypersonic gudu da kuma babban maneuvering lokacin da tuki a cikin shugabanci na da manufa ta yi aiki a nisa fiye da daya nahiyar.

Masana sun bayar da shawarar cewa shugaban kasar a cikin jawabin nasa da aka Magana game da makami mai linzami.

A roka da aka kira da X-90

Rasha ta yanke shawarar nuna su sabon American damar. Irin wannan shi ne mayar da martani ga Washington ta shirin na makami mai linzami KH-90 (wanda shi ne "koala").

Yana gudanar ta hanyar da dabarun kai harin Tu-160M - da girman kai da kuma soja ƙarfin Rasha a yau.

Bayan rabuwarsa da jefa abin hawa na kh-90 a tsawon dubu bakwai zuwa ashirin da dubu mita triangular bude fuka-fukansa da kuma wutsiya. Hanzari zuwa supersonic gudun faruwa via da hada wannan lokaci mai ɗamfarar roka kara amfani. Sa'an nan ya zo lokacin babban engine, ta hanyar abin da X-cruise makami mai linzami 90 ya kai wani gudun Mach biyar. Range da makamai masu linzami - uku da rabi kilomita dubu.

Gwaje-gwaje da makamai masu linzami KH-90

Jagorancin kasar mu yi imanin cewa, babu jihar shi ne maigidan hypersonic linzami fãce Rasha. A Amurka, da zarar watsi da su ci gaba, iyakance subsonic makamai masu linzami. Amma a Rasha irin wannan aiki ya ci gaba, ko da yake akwai lokatan da dama wucin gadi interruptions. A 2001, shi ya ruwaito "Topol" makami mai linzami jefa. Masana sun lura cewa, ta warhead sãɓã wa jũna m hali. A lokacin da commemorative darussan a 2004 aka kaddamar biyu ballistic makamai masu linzami "Topol-M" da kuma RS-18. Sa'an nan kuma muka ce cewa makami mai linzami tsarin da aka saki gwaji na'ura, wadda ta zo bayan harba zuwa sararin sama, sa'an nan ya koma zuwa ga yanayi. Kamar ba zai yiwu ba, domin a lokacin reentry roka gudun aka dubu biyar mita biyu, ko game da goma sha takwas kilomita dubu a kowace awa, kuma warhead ya sami musamman kariya da zafi fiye da kima da kuma overloads. Wannan naúrar yana gudun, haka ma, zai iya sauƙi canza shugabanci na jirgin da bai durkushe. Masana sun yarda cewa shi ne X-90 - dabarun cruise makami mai linzami, bayyanar wanda ya rage wani asiri.

The musamman da suka bambanta da na'urar kunshi a gaskiyar cewa a kan PC-18, akwai wani na'ura da cewa ya musanya farar da kuma shugabanci na jirgin. Saboda haka, duk wani makami mai linzami tsaron gida, ciki har da Amurka, sun za a iya shawo kan.

Dabarun harsashi Forces

Rasha Strategic roka Forces hada da uku makami mai linzami sojojin da goma sha shida makami mai linzami rarrabuwa. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na da makamansu ne da ɗari bakwai da talatin da biyar ballistic makamai masu linzami da 3159 nukiliya warheads, ciki har da "Voivod" silo-tushen "yi" da 360 warheads, mobile "Topol", "Topol-M" da sauransu.

A cewar masana, ko idan wani kananan rabo za a sanye take da cruise makamai masu linzami, da makami mai linzami da sojojin za su dogon unrivaled da unattainable ga wani makami mai linzami tsaron gida. Haka kuma, bisa ga Rasha masana, akwai wasu shirye-shirye, kamar "sanyi" da "Eagle", ban da tasowa a hypersonic warhead.

Hare-hare Karkataccen da kuma kawo hadari

Saboda da halaye, da KH-90 "koala" da sauran zamani soja aukuwa, Mun sanya American makami mai linzami tsaron gida m. Saboda haka, United States fara da za a sanya a kusa da kan iyakoki na Rasha radar tsarin domin ganewa da kuma lalata wadannan makamai masu linzami da zaran akwai wani farkon da kuma ba da lokaci ga rarrabe warhead.

Amma a wannan batun, Rasha tana da yawan cigaba, da aka sani da kuma m. Idan da makami mai linzami KH-90 "koala" zai rarrabe warhead, ya zama gaba daya invulnerable.

Kwance yiwu?

A Tarayyar Soviet, lokacin da cikakken lilo makamai tseren tsakanin biyu superpowers, yunkurin da aka yi wa wani hanya. Sa hannu yarjejeniyarsu ƙulla shi, amma da makamai tseren tafi a kan kuma a kan, da kuma a lokacin ƙunci dangantakar dake tsakanin USSR da United States bayar da umarnin rike da dukan duniya da kuma yin addu'a domin su sallama.

A cikin eighties, to ikon a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya zo MS Gorbachev, wanda a zahiri tsaya wannan shi ne mai yiwuwa m makamai tseren. Yana da bakin ciki cewa farashin wannan ƙarshe ya auka daga cikin kasar, da shugaban wanda ya tsaya. Bisa ga kwangila sanya hannu da su a cikin Tarayyar Soviet narkar da wata babbar yawan makamai. The United States kuma yana da wajibai zuwa kawar da makamansu, amma a sakamakon yarjejeniyarsu da Tarayyar Soviet kusan rasa ta superpower matsayi, kuma nan da nan ya fadi a keɓe, da kuma Amurka ta zama kawai superpower na duniya ba tare da rasa da soja damar.

Soviet makamai ci gaba, ciki har da cruise makamai masu linzami, folded da sababbin abubuwa da aka hallaka, da kuma samar da an rage ko ma tsaya gaba daya.

Duk da haka, duk da hargitsi, wanda gyara da Amurka da kawayenta a duniya, ya riga ya gama da Tarayyar Soviet, abu don imani da cewa idan wani juna kwance damarar yaki kamata faru a nan gaba, ya kamata ya kasance da gaske juna da kuma isassun.

Amma har jama'a ya zo wannan mataki na ta ci gaba, da kuma jihar yana da wani waje barazana, shi dole ne ko da yaushe a shirye su tare da wani hari.