Fama kudi PM - nawa akai-akai da minti? Makarov bindiga: Bayani dalla-dalla

Makarov bindiga (PM 9 mm) - a Semi-atomatik bindiga a 1951, ya maye gurbin TT bindiga da revolver Nagant tsarin. Yana da aka ɓullo da Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, Soviet zanen, kuma ci gaba da wasu sauran al'amurra kayan aikin. PM, sauki ne kuma abin dogara, ya kasance kuma ya zauna a cikin sabis tare da jami'an tsaro da kuma sojojin na Rasha Federation, kazalika a dama wasu kasashen (Jojiya, Syria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, Korea ta Arewa, Ukraine da sauransu). Duk da haka, Rasha yanzu hankali ya fara ya maye gurbin bindiga Yarygin, PMM da kuma wasu sauran model. Mene ne alama ce ta wannan makamin, za mu fahimci kara.

Farar hula version na PM

Saboda da recognizable m maras fama version, kamar a tagayyara PM "Wii" da kuma sauran version (PM-RF, "Berkut", PMR, PMG, MP-T), kazalika da iska da kuma iskar gas (misali wani gas bindiga "Makarych" tare da roba harsasai).

Karko da kuma sauƙi na amfani, Mun sanya shi rare Makarov bindiga, da farashin (daga 3 dubu. Rub. A rauni ga PM) ne kuma mai kyau da wa dukan shi, akwai mutane da yawa yakin gyare-gyare Makarov bindiga. PM a Rasha mafi sau da yawa ya zo a cikin nau'i na pneumatic makami (sake, saboda ta fitarwa). Akwai model na biyu cikin gida da kuma waje. Alal misali, MP-654 - kwafi na IZHMEH Makarov bindiga.

Kafin a saki da "Dokar kan makamai" a tagayyara sau da yawa kawai reworked fama PM (abin da ake kira oholaschivanie), a cikin manyan yawa suka rage a cikin warehouses na Soviet sau. Canje-canje a cikin wannan kasance kadan: da stigma na "m" da kuma m abubuwa, wanda ba da damar su canza shi a cikin wani fama PM. Yanzu, duk da haka, fiye ko žasa da sabon maras fama model ne remakes, amma duk an sanya na wannan karfe makamai.

A Jamus kamfanin UMAREX kuma samar da dama model, kamar Umarex PM matsananci da Makarov ta, da kuma 6 mm gas-Silinda bindiga Tatsũniyõyi Makarov. A Amirka, kamfanin SMG saki version Gletcher PM, wanda yana da wani ajali aron kusa m. A wannan version tare da tsayayyen firam da Borner - wani daban-daban daga kamfanin Amurka, yana da wani sunan BORNER PM49 kuma kerarre a Taiwan.

A Rasha, kamar yadda mai girma yawan gyare-gyare a matsayin yãƙi (PMM, shi ne mafi iya aiki magazine - 12 akai-akai na harsasai, da kuma karin iko harsashi 9x18), da kuma} ungiyoyin, irin su "Baikal" 443 (wasanni bindiga), MR-442 "SKIF" polymer-firam da kuma jerin IZH70 saki zuwa kasuwa a matsayin mai sayar wasa gun. Battle PM ila yau yana da yawan gyare-gyare.

zanen wuya

Akwai misconception cewa PB bindiga - wani PM tare da wani silencer cewa shi ne tushen ba gaskiya ba ne. Duk da cewa PB (bindiga shiru) , kuma yana da rabo dauka daga cikin zane na PM (shagon da kuma yadda m part, da jawo inji), suna da biyu mabanbanta makamai. A Tarayyar Soviet, akwai yunkurin zuwa tsirar da PM tare da wani silencer, amma kara gwaji tsari bai samu: da sauti rage matakin ya kasa, amma saboda tsawon kwanakinka da akwati ya karu saki rollback kudi, wanda kara da lalacewa inji. Kila, sa'an nan, a shekarar 1967 da kuma aka soma da PB.

Yanzu wasu kasashe (China, Amurka da kuma wasu) sa ba gyare-gyare don yaƙar Makarov bindiga da wani silencer.

Mene ne wani Makarov bindiga

A gasar, aka gudanar a cikin Soviet sojojin a 1948, ya samu halartar da dama dozin Soviet Masters. Manufar da aka samu canji ga wanda aka rabu amfani revolver Nagant da TT bindiga, har yanzu a cikin sabis.

Tula Tokarev bindiga, ci gaba a 1930, shi ne haske isa da kuma m, sauki da wani sashe, amma yana da yawan drawbacks. Daya daga cikinsu akwai lokuta da maras wata-wata Shots (irin wannan yanayi ne aka bayyana a cikin littafin "Kusan tsanani" Yuri Nikulin), don haka da cewa gun aka ba a yarda ya sa tare da runaway a cikin ɗakin harsashi. Wani drawback shi ne rashin wata ƙõfa bata lokaci ba. Duk wannan ya kai ga cewa na dogon lokaci TT bindiga da aka kawo don yaƙar shiri, da kuma shi iya kudin wani soja ko gudanar da rayuwa, saboda wani lokacin ke ta a kan wani biyu. Shi ne ma rigima da kuma rashin amfani wannan da cewa ba a dace domin harbe-harben daga embrasures tanki. Ko da yake wannan umurni ne yadu dauke m, da Jamusanci bindigogi ya amsa ya ce.

Bugu da kari, ya wajaba makamai cewa zai zama haske, m, kuma m, kuma mafi muhimmanci, da zaran yiwu za a kai ga harbi yanayin. A samfurin da aka bai wa wani Jamus gun "Walther PP", wanda bai fara har 1929. Akwai da dama daban-daban model, amma mafi kyau da zane Makarov bindiga da aka gane. PM an soma a cikin Soviet jami'an tsaro da kuma dakarun shekaru uku bayan ci gaba, lokacin da lokacin da inji aka inganta, sanya wasu kananan canje-canje.

Ko da yake zanen Makarov da aka dauka a matsayin dalilin "Walther PP," ya muhimmanci modified shi. Design da kuma gun handling tsarin da aka Sauki, da cikakken bayani zama multifunctional, ta ƙara musu ƙarfi, sakamakon ya karu da sabis na rayuwa da kuma aminci.

Known Makarov bindiga 1949 samarwa, wanda shi ne har yanzu na da lafiya, ko da yake shi ya nastrel game da dubu hamsin Shots. Wannan shi ne m, la'akari da cewa mataki spring PM aka tsara don 4 th. Shots (wannan ne "misali" darajar domin da yawa Pistols, misali, ga guda bindiga Yarygin).

Da farko, ya zama dole ga hamayya da bukatun gabatar da wani abin koyi a iri biyu, domin ya zamo kamar 7h65 mm da kuma 9 mm. A PM amfani da harsashi zamo 9h18mm maimakon 8h17mm. New harsashi zamo nuna mafi tsayawa ikon fiye da wani harsashi 7,62h25 mm TT bindiga, ko da yake yana da ƙasa da ikon. Kadan ikon sanya shi yiwuwa a yi da zane na wani free ƙofar da tsayayyen ganga.

A farko wuri, saboda ƙananan ikon harsashi PM aka tsara don harbe-harben a takaice iyaka, har zuwa 50 mita, ko da yake da harsashi tsayawa ikon ne har zuwa 350 m.

zane

Kazalika, akwai gagarumin bambanci a cikin jawo na'ura, da kuma Babban amfani ya zamewar tasha liba, kara Makarov. Shop PM bindiga da fis kawai samu wasu canje-canje. Hada da ayyuka na bayani a cikin zane na PM ya sanya shi ya fi sauƙi, kuma sassa kansu - shi ne da yawa karami idan aka kwatanta da "Walter PP". Alal misali, wani bata lokaci ƙofar zane Makarov bindiga yana da wani reflector aiki hannayen riga da mataki spring ne ma bazara da kuma annabi, da cocking liba, yayin da kafa da aminci kama - da guduma irinta spring. Lower spring latches adana ƙananan ƙarshen mainspring.

A asali ɓangare na gyara, kamar fis din da harbe-harben fil spring, muna da wata rikitarwa siffar, amma a kan lokaci ya fara amfani da sabuwar fasahar, da taimakon wanda ya yiwu don rage samar da halin kaka.

"Walter PP" ya mai da bata lokaci ba, a harbe-harben sa da cewa da harsashi jam'iyya spiked da bevel. Makarov kusan gaba daya shafe wannan matsalar da kuma cimma mafi kyau rabo na da tsawo na da harsashi jam'iyya da gangaren bevel, don haka, guda biyu tare da babban wuri na saman harsashi a cikin shagon, kusan kawar da hadarin utykaniya harsashi a cikin bevel.

bayani dalla-dalla PM

Shooting ne guda Shots. Saboda da simplification na inji kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da "Walter PP" fama kudi fadi da ɗan PM. Akai-akai da minti iya yin Makarov bindiga 30 da 35-40 Shots a PP.

bindiga da cikakken mujallar Weight ne 810 g

PM cajin 9mm harsasai (bindiga harsashi 9x18), da kantin sayar da yana da damar 8 guda.

gun tsawon shi ne 161 mm, tsawo - 126,75 mm. A ganga 4 yana Makarov gun rifling zamo kamar 9 mm. A tsawon harsashi PM ne 25 mm, da Chuck nauyi - 10 g, da kuma harsashi kanta weighs 6.1 g
Kowane gun ne a haɗe kayayyakin mujallar, holster, bindiga bel da kuma shafa.

bindiga harbi

A mataki dogara ne a kan PM kõma blowback. Saboda da elasticity sawa a akwati na sama spring, kuma da taro na rufe, rufe na kara faruwa. Fararwa da wani bude jawo, biyu mataki. Free harbe-harben fil iya rubuce kai ga maras wata-wata harbi a lokacin da ya ragu daga high tsawo, ko wasu da karfi inji tasiri, domin shi ba shi da wani spring, wanda zai ci gaba da shi a cikin da baya da baya matsayi. Duk da haka, Makarov ba su yi la'akari da wannan yiwuwar isasshe.

Lokacin da kora, da kunama ne amfani da guduma duka, inda da kwantena ne karye Chuck. A propellant cajin da aka kunna, propellant gas samar a karkashin matsin da harsashi da aka fita daga ganga. A wannan matsa gas ta hanyar wucewa kasa na hannun riga retracts da aron kusa. Ya riqe da harsashi ejector, game da shi compressing da dawowar spring. Ga lamba tare da reflector hannun riga ta cikin rufe taga baba fita.

Wani bambanci daga "Walther PP" - recharging lokacin da fis. A PP babu rufe kulle, don haka shi ne zai yiwu recharge, kuma wata ƙõfa GR ana katange. Makarov bindiga za a iya sa a tsare bayan da kantin sayar da aka saka, kuma a cikin ɗakin runaway Chuck. A amince cire cocked da guduma, sai ya tafi, daga harbe-harben fil ana katange kazalika fita lokacin da fis gaba jawo.

The "Walther PP" kafin harbe-harben aminci liba dole ne a kawo wa babba matsayi, da kuma PM - ƙananan, shi ne mafi m. An barshi cikin raya na aron kusa. Lokacin da harbe-harben siffa yana da: na farko jawo Ja Madĩna bayan ragewan flag fis, zai bukaci karin karfi (game da 3.5 kg) a matsayin jawo aka located a kan ferrule da cocked bindiga samovzvodom amfani. A m Shots da guduma yana zuwa da za a ba a cikin cocking matsayi, da kuma ga wani harbi zai bukaci a kananan ciki (1.5 kg), da haddasa yawa dogara fama kudi na PM.

Domin mafi girma daidaito, da farko harbi bayan da kau da bindiga daga cikin fis za a iya sanya mutanena su ka jawo hannu fararwa a lokaci guda ba shi da baya, kuma a wannan yanayin na farko harbi kuma za ta zama fairly haske latsa jawo.
Next harbi za a iya sanya kawai bayan ka saki aikin da ya jawo
(Tun da PM ba a yi nufin for harbe-harben jerin gwano). Kowane sabon manema zai kai ga wuta har sai ka yi amfani da up duk da harsasai a cikin shagon. A wannan yanayin, daga ƙõfar, yana tsaye a kan nunin tasha ya zauna a cikin raya matsayi.

Sassa da sunadaran Makarov bindiga

A bindiga yana da 32 sassa, da kuma wadannan babban sassa:
- shagon.
- nunin kama.
- frame tare da jawo tsare da ganga.
- rike da wani dunƙule.
- kunama (jawo inji).
- wani returnable spring.
- bawul da aminci, ejector da ɗan ganga.

gun disassembly

Bindigogi, bindigogi musamman, bukatar m dubawa. Wannan zai taimaka sauri gane kunno kai lahani kuma hana yiwu matsaloli. The yiwuwar cike da kuma m dismantling. Complete disassembly ba za a iya yi ma sau da yawa, kamar yadda wannan gudãnar up kan aiwatar da lalacewa sassa na inji, da kuma rage sabis rayuwa. M disassembly ishe dubawa, m lubrication ko tsaftacewa bayan harbi, cikakken kawai da bukatar tsaftacewa bayan matsananci yanayi (buga bindiga a ruwa, ko snow, gyara ko hažaka zuwa wani sabon man shafawa).

Akwai da dama daga dokokin da dole ne a bi a lokacin taron da kuma disassembly na gun:
- Disassembly da kuma taro ne da za'ayi a kan wani tsabta surface.
- sa da guda domin na taron jama'a.
- m handling sunadaran, ba tare da kwatsam buga da} arfin tuwo, da aikace-aikacen.
- a lokacin da tattaro dama Pistols: a look at ƙidãyar sassa, don haka kamar yadda ba su gauraya sassa Pistols tsakanin su.

M disassembly domin tsabtace da kuma dubawa

A kantin sayar da aka cire daga tushe na rike. Dama hannunka cupped ta, sa'an nan ja da baya da mujallar kama su maye yatsa dama na hannu da kuma forefinger zuwa jinkirta da mujallar cover rike da protruding part. Saboda haka, cirewa store.

Dole ne ka tabbatar da cewa babu wani harsashi a cikin masallãci, domin wannan shi ne zama dole a cire gun daga matsara, da hannunsa na hagu ya rike da rufe duk hanyar da baya, sa shi a kan wajen zamewar tasha, sa'an nan duba cikin masallãci. The yatsa dama na hannu ga latsa nunin tasha da kuma runtse da rufe.

Wannan ne bi da rabuwa da rufe daga cikin firam. Dama hannu ya dauki bindiga da ta rike, hagu - ƙananan saukar da jawo tsare. Yanka ta hanyar da hagu a cikin firam, m parsing don kula da shi a wannan wuri, da dama index yatsa.

Tare da hannunsa na hagu ya rike da rufe duk hanyar da baya, kuma ya dauke shi daga bãya, kuma saboda da mataki na sama spring, shi zai ci gaba, bayan da shi za a iya rabu da firam. A mataki na gaba zai kasance ya koma cikin wurin da jawo tsare.

Cire samu spring. Dama hannu yayin da rike da rike da firam, cire ganga daga spring ta juyo da hagu.

taro Hanya

A taron jama'a zai fara a baya domin, tare da koma cikin wurin da dawowar spring. Dama hannun dauki da firam ta rike, kuma ya bar su sa a spring a cikin akwati. Muhimmi: Dole ne ka sa shi karshen, inda na karshe zagaye na karami diamita fiye da sauran.

Wannan ne bi da shiga cikin rufe firam. Dama hannunka rike da makama frame, hagu rike da marufi, ya gabatar a cikin m karshen hatimin tashar na da dawowar spring, bayan da kai ga matuƙa matsayi da hatimin tashar ta hanyar tafi a waje da muzzle rabo. Sa'an nan, da raya rabo daga rufe su runtse da firam tare da tsaye ridges kamata shige a cikin ramummuka da firam. Bayan nan, runtse shi, yayin da tam latsa rufe. Shi ne a karkashin matsin lamba na sama spring zo zuwa gaba matsayi, sa'an nan ya dauke sama akwatin fis.

Lokacin tattaro gun ba dole ba ne a samar da Ƙirgar jawo matsara kamar yadda a lokacin disassembly. Yana yiwuwa a tãyar da raya ƙarshen rufe haka da cewa ƙananan gaban bango an ba binne shi a dagi na jawo matsara, wanda ƙuntatãwa yunkuri na aron kusa a baya.

A ƙarshe - mayar da shagon a tushe na rike. Rike da bindiga da hannun dama, a cikin ƙananan akwatin a cikin kasa na rike zuwa saka da shagon, rike da shi tare da yatsa da kuma forefinger ya hagu. Danna kan mujallar cover, amma ba ya yi ba buga hannunsa, kawo shi ga so matsayi a wadda sakata drop da shafin, samuwa daga karshen bango na store.

Don top shi a kashe, a duba ko taro ne da za'ayi daidai. Don yin wannan, kunna fis, ja da baya da saki da rufe. Idan yi daidai, sa'an nan, ya koma kadan a gaba, da rufe yana zo ka hau kan wani nunin tasha, wadda za ta bar shi a baya matsayi. Sa'an nan kuma, tare da yatsa dama na hannu wajen tura sakata aron kusa da bata lokaci ba. A karkashin matsin lamba daga sama spring shi zai vigorously a mayar da su a gaban matsayi. Zai fararwa cocked. Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka karba akwatin fis, sa'an nan ya zo kashe jawo tare da cocking da za a toshe.

Daidaici da kuma daidaito na wuta

Nasarawa daga bindiga lokacin da tafi yaƙi aka yi a kan wani nesa na 25 m diamita madauwari manufa 25 cm, wanda aka saka a kan garkuwa 1x0,5 m. Idan hudu ramukan tare a cikin da'irar wanda diamita ba fiye da 15 cm, jitu da aka dauke al'ada. Lokacin da kora, da harsashi yana gudun 315 m / sec.

Its irin Makarov bindiga yana da kyau kwarai daidaito yi. watsawa a lokacin da harbe-harben radius 10 mm ne 35 m, 25 m - 75 mm, da kuma 50 m - 160 mm.

Fama kudi PM

Bisa ga ainihin kudi na PM ne da yawa na baya zuwa PP, amma an gane a matsayin mafi kyau saboda wasu siffofin da kuma fiye da shekaru hamsin, ya zauna a cikin sabis a Rasha, kuma wannan shi ne daidai da sanannen trehlineykoy (maharbi bindiga Mosin, wanda ya kasance a cikin sabis da Rasha Army daga 1881 zuwa 1945). Ko da yake tsarin Nagant revolver dan kadan ya wuce su, sai ya zauna a cikin sabis da Army kusan 117 shekaru. Amurka cewa ba su da makamai da samar da makaranta, kawai ya zuwa yanzu aka maida su ba kome PM.

Yanzu ya fara sauka a hankali sauyawa daga cikin PM a cikin akwatin gidan waya. Fama kudi idan aka kwatanta da PM gun Yarigina yana da wani bambanci a 5 akai-akai da biyu (35 y 30 y kan Il PM) kuma yana da biyu-jere akwatin gidan waya store (18 akai-akai da 8 PM) tare da wannan daidaito na harbi. Muzzle gudu AES sama 100 m / sec. Duk da haka, da ɗan Il mafi girma (198 mm a tsawon at 168 da PM) da kuma mutum (AES nauyi - 910 g tare da wani blank mujallar, shi ne 100 g mafi girma daga nauyi na PM tare da cikakken mujallar).

Akwai biyu nuna alama kudi na: fasaha da kuma soja. Fasaha ƙaddara da yadda da yawa akai-akai da minti iya saki da kayan aiki, ban da lokacin da ake bukata domin recharge da gannai (wanda za a iya bambanta daga 1.5 seconds daga handguns, to 20-30 sec a tip antiaircraft gun a kwance, kuma a tsaye).

Tabbatas da abin kudi na fama PM bindiga 9 mm, a yi, ya kamata a gani a matsayin yiwuwa mashi da kuma yanayin yanayi, wanda sau da yawa kara lokacin da ake bukata domin yin saiti. A talakawan ga duk Semi-atomatik Pistols: 30-40 akai-akai da na biyu. APS (Stechkin atomatik bindiga) ba Figures 40/90 bps (harbi guda Shots da bursts, bi da bi). Saboda haka fama kudi na PM ne mafi dogara a kan da allura da kuma lokacin da ake bukata don adana da canji.

Bisa ga kudi na PM, kazalika da CT, madaukakiyar rabu amfani revolver Nagant tsarin, ko da yake karshen biyu versions zama, soja da kuma jami'in. A cikin jami'an 'bindiga' can kai-cocking na'urar. Duk da haka, duk da makamai suna bayar a Rasha, shi ne irin wannan: da AMINCI da sauƙi na amfani, sauki da mummunan yanayi (ko da yake shi ba ya kawar da bukatar tsabtace), kazalika da high maintainability. Akwai wani togiya da wani Makarov bindiga. Farashin ma ya kasance kullum m, ko da yake "Revolver" da nema a samar da shi ne quite sosai m ma'aikata.