Putorana Reserve. Reserves na Krasnoyarsk Territory

Located Putoransky Jihar Nature Reserve a yankuna biyu na Taimyr cin gashin kanta District - Khatanga da Dudinka, kuma ma a cikin Evenk cin gashin kanta Okrug, a Ilim yankin. Reserve Center daukan cikakken Putoransky dutsen tsarin. Kare ƙasashe da a total yanki na game 1.8 Mill. Kadada.

Wannan buffer zone hada a yau 3 Cordon: Dyupkun lake, da lake da lake Kare Manumakli. Kuma 2 asibiti domin gudanar da bincike dalilai: tafkin da lake Ayan Kutaramakan.

tarihi ajiye

Putorana Reserve (map sama) da aka kafa daga ajiye na wannan sunan ne kawai a shekarar 1988, duk da cewa wannan tambaya na kungiyar dauke da baya a shekarar 1970. A 2001, akwai wani gagarumin taron - da ajiye aka zabi ga matsayi, wanda entitles shi ya zama daga cikin daya daga cikin halitta da kuma al'adu na UNESCO duniya kungiyar.

Putoransky ajiye: sauyin yanayi

A Putoransky sauyin yanayi ajiye bambanta sharply nahiyar yanayin zafi da high amplitude. Wannan adadi ne a gabas na 100 ° C, da kuma a arewacin - 86 ° C. Iyakacin duniya rana yana 74 kwana (16 May - 29 Yuli), da kuma na iyakacin duniya dare - 56 kwana (25 Nuwamba - 13 Janairu).

A Putoransky tudu ne sosai a fili a bayyane yanayin tsarin karba-karba ba za a iya ce game da wasu yankuna na Rasha. A sassa daban daban na kan tudu kafa shimfidar bambanta da yawa, duk da cewa yankin yana da guda ma'aunan kasa da morphological tsarin. Filato aka located a cikin wuri na rarrabawa da longitude da latitud na halitta yankunan. Domin kudancin halin temperate da subarctic sauyin yanayi zones, wanda ke nufin cewa da nassi na kan iyaka ne babban iri biyu wuri mai faɗi da alaka da mafi taxonomic daraja.

ayyukan mutane

Putoransky dutsen tsarin, musamman idan muka yi magana game da shi kudancin, arewaci da gabashin sassa, amfani da a baya sosai cikin 'yan asalin mutane na yankin for cikin hali na kama kifi, farauta da reindeer husbandry. Irin wannan hanyoyin da yin amfani da albarkatun kasa, gargajiya ga Far Arewa, da fallasa su duk lokacin da ya tabbatar a wani hanya a kan Flora da fauna da dutsen tudu. Sosai a fili wannan anthropogenic tasiri shafi canji a cikin adadin sosai m jinsuna, cewa, da farko, kuma farkon tana nufin wani yawan Putoransky bighorn tumaki.

A mummunan tasiri na mutum aiki

A Putoransky Reserve m daji yanayi na Rasha ya ba ta kasance mai karfi da mutum tasiri, wanda a yarda a kusa da mai rai halitta duniya bar kusan m. A wannan yankin na mutum aiki an bayyana ne kawai a zama na 'yan asalin mutane kama kifi, farauta da reindeer herding.

Duk da haka, a sakamakon tasirin da muhimmanci rage yawan gida endemics - Putoransky bighorn tumaki, dan kadan kasa da yawan jama'a ya zama muz, daji reindeer, wolverines, weasels, sables, Foxes da Wolves.

Na masana'antu Enterprises a yankin dan kadan. Daga gare su, da babban abu, wanda rinjayar da yanayin da suke kewaye da kiyayewa yankin barnatar, shi ne mafi girma da kuma hakar ma'adinai metallurgical hadaddun, located in Norilsk. Yana ba da nisa daga yammacin iyakar kasar da Putorana Reserve, kamar 150-200 kilomita bãya. Yana tsunduma a wani sha'anin hakar ma'adinai ƙarfe ores da karafa, don haka akwai ko da yaushe gabatar da datti iska watsi wanda dauke da oxides da nauyi karafa, sulfur, carbon da ƙura.

Duk wannan shi ne wani sosai mummunan tasiri a kan yanayi da kuma kyakkyawan take kaiwa zuwa canje-canje a cikin ciyayi a yammacin ɓangare na yadda Putorana Reserve da buffer zone. A cikin kimiyya wallafe-wallafe, za ka iya samun mai yawa bayanai game da tasiri na masana'antu watsi a gida shuke-shuke, yayin da suka ajiye jami'an ba su gudanar da nasu bincike. Akwai ba tukuna gaba daya daidai size na yankin da aka fallasa zuwa cutarwa masana'antu da kima. A cewar wasu na farko kimomi da aikin Mining da kuma Metallurgical Hada a Norilsk adversely rinjayar game 1/10 square Putorana Reserve da 1/3 na buffer zone.

halitta Beauty

The ajiye shi ne a tsakiyar halitta abu dauke Putorana sararin Filato, wanda yake rufe da wani yanki daga game da miliyan 2.5 kadada. A Tsakiya Siberia aka dauke su zama babbar tarko basalt tudu. A tsohon Tarayyar Soviet akwai babu inda kuma irin wannan taimako. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin tudu da tattalin arziki da ayyukan ba da za'ayi a cikin tarihi na har abada.

Hydrological abubuwa suna wakilta a ajiye an rufe kogin daruna - Khatanga Pyasina kuma mafi girma - Yenisei.

Puritan Reserve yana da yawa waterfalls cewa ba shi m kyakkyawa. A nan ne mafi girma a cikin waterfall Rasha (108 mita).

Da yawa tabkuna Putorana Reserve sanannen domin ta musamman da kuma babban zurfi, a cikin 180-420 mita.

ciyayi

A Putoransky ajiye inda namun daji, Rasha da aka saukar a duk da daukaka, akwai 398 mafi girma shuke-shuke, lissafin kudi don 61% na jimlar Flora na kan tudu. Daga cikin su shi ne ya kamata a lura da rare shuke-shuke kamar poppy belovoloskovy, sifila hange, Rhodiola rosea da duniya-Asian. Akwai kuma wadan Putorana - m poppy, marigold da kuma marigayi oxytrope Putoransky tsakanin wadan dutsen tsarin Byrranga da Putoran - fescue ushkovataya da kuma wadan da Siberian arewa gabatar Dandelion longhorned, oxytrope Taimyr da Sitnic dogon-nosed.

Land dabbobi

Putorana Reserve haɗa kan bangaskiya vertabrate taiga, tundra, gandun daji da kuma sauran kowa dabbobi samu a cikin manyan duwãtsu. Filato ne iyakarsu a wajen arewa da rarraba da yawa jinsunan, ciki har da Sable, Lynx, squirrels talakawa, Elk, goshawk, gandun daji Lemmings, takaddamarsu, capercaillie dutse da kuma talakawa, woodpecker, kange mujiya, kurãme ne kuma cuckoo, da yawa jinsunan passerine, Kulikova da kuma wasu dabbobi.

Wannan yankin ne da arewacin Tsakiya Siberia ne mai babbar nesting fari-tailed mikiya da ungulu. Don kudu-gabashin ɓangare na halayyar nesting Little Curlew kuma a tsakiyar Filato Putorana zaune mafi yawan jama'a Putoransky bighorn tumaki. Yana gida a manyan yawan beyar, Wolves da wolverines, wasa a gida biocenoses muhimmiyar rawa.

Musamman da kuma mai daukan hankali sabon abu Putoransky namun daji ajiye suna dauke yanayi hijirarsa na babban adadin daji reindeer. An muhimmin ɓangare na migratory hanyoyi na yankin ne Putoransky tudu ta hanyar abin da ya wuce kusan dukan jama'ar na Taimyr reindeer (game 450-480 dubu mutane). A kan tudu, a cikin shekarar su ne game da watanni 5-6. Shige da m kunkuntar gefen tsakanin 100 da kuma 150 kilomita, saboda haka yana yiwuwa a kammala da cewa akwai wani da ake kira hijirarsa tashar transmissive kowace shekara zuwa 220 dubban daji reindeer.

Halittar dabba mai kafafuwa: Siberian salamander

Shi ne kadai dabba a cikin aji na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, gabatar a Putoransky tudu. Da hankula nau'i na dukan Rasha taiga yankin, kowa zuwa arewacin yankunan da gandun daji-tundra zone, kusan zuwa arewacin kan iyakoki. Duk da haka Siberian salamander ne sosai rare ga arewacin Krasnoyarsk Territory, kuma sau da yawa yana samuwa ne kawai a cikin babba kai na cikin kogin Stony Tunguska a Pine gandun daji.

A tsakiyar Putorana Reserve wannan amphibian jinsunan gano a cikin Yuli 1982 a Lake Harpicha. Saboda haka, a harka na gano kansa Siberian salamander a cikin adadin hudu mutane a tsakiyar Putoransky duwãtsu a tsawon 481 mita shi ne mai matukar muhimmanci ci gaba da kuma wakiltar wani musamman sha'awa cikin sharuddan zoogeography.

Wadan da ajiye - Putoransky bighorn tumaki

Putorana Reserve ne kawai yankin sanaki daya daga cikin mafi girma da kadan da aka sani dabbobi a duniya - Putoransky bighorn tumaki, ko bighorn. Ya alama a nan a matsayin mai raba subspecies, kuma an kunshe a cikin Red Littãfi na Tarayyar Soviet da kuma a yanzu Rasha. Areal gidansa - cibiyar yankin Putoransky duwãtsu, a yankin na daruruwan kilomita daga rarraba yankin sauran subspecies snow tumaki.

Waterworld Putorana

A Putoransky ajiye a cikin ruwan koguna da aka samu 36 jinsunan kifaye. An lura a nan da yawa endemic jinsunan, kamar Grayling, whitefish kuma char kifi. Mafi yawa daga cikinsu sun yi karatu ya zuwa yanzu bai isa ba, ba domin sanin su taxonomic matsayi. A gaban yawa intraspecific siffofin dauke da qara bambancin da kifi kiyayewa yankin.

Babban kare jinsin

A dabbobi masu shayarwa mafi hankali tsare wadannan: Collared lemming, bighorn tumaki, Elk, ermine, caribou, Musk-bera, Sable, Lynx, ruwan kasa bear. Tsuntsaye - shaho, karami fari, shaho mujiya, da fari-tailed mikiya, da bearded mujiya, capercaillie kowa da na dutse, da baki crane, goshawk, Swan kananan.

Mai kare nau'in kifi wakilta Siberian Grayling, whitefish, whitefish kuma char Ussurijskim Arctic, kuma kamar yadda na halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da salamander aka kare kawai Siberian.

Reserves na Krasnoyarsk Territory

Duk a cikin Krasnoyarsk yankin yana da bakwai yanayi reserves. Ma'aikatar Albarkatun kasa da kuma Lafiyar Qasa na Rasha yanke shawarar shiga Krasnoyarsk reserves aka sanya a watan Agusta na shekarar bara. Putoransky, Taimyr, Great Arctic Nature Reserve Krasnoyarsk Territory aka hada baki daya.

Taimyr reserves da yawa yawon bude ido. Yana tabkuna, gorges, plateaus da dutsen kogwanni. Duk da karkara na wurin da yawan baƙi ne kullum girma. A management ya tanadi Taimyr ya ci gaba da wadannan ayyukan na yawon shakatawa balaguro din: muhalli, taron, ilimi da kuma fadace-yawon shakatawa.