Nikolai Klyuev: kerawa da kuma biography

A farkon karni na 20th, kuma ake kira da Azurfa Age, ya heyday na Rasha wallafe-wallafe. Akwai sabon kwatance da yayi, da mawallafa ba su ji tsoron su yi gwaji da kuma gano sabon nau'o'i da jigogi. Daya daga cikin wadannan kasida da aka Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich. Da ya bi da novokrestyanskomu poetic shugabanci.

biography

Haife Oktoba 10, 1884 a kauyen Koshtugi Vytegorsky County (Vologda yankin), Nikolai Klyuev. Biography of marubuci zai fara a cikin iyali mai sauki saja Alexei Kalashnikov. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk Klyuev ƙaunar uwarsa, Praskovya Fyodorovna, wanda aka yi wata babbar bayar da labarun baka. Ta aka tsunduma a cikin koyarwa da kuma dan saboda ta Nicholas san yadda za a karanta, rubuta da kuma koyi da kayan yau da kullum na jama'a song ajiya.

A 1895 ya sauke karatu daga cikin Ikklesiya makaranta a Vytegra. Sa'an nan, ya tafi zuwa Petrozavodsk, inda ya yi karatu a makaranta likita. Bayan Yaye Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich tare da compatriots, wanda aka tsunduma a sayar da babban birnin kasar na furs da kifi, ya tafi zuwa St. Petersburg aiki.

A babban birnin kasar, ya fara rubuta wakoki a karkashin shugabanci novokrestyanskoy shayari. A cikin ayyukansu poetic Muse tanã kai ƙãra na zafi da wahala tillers, kuma ka la'ane su da zãlunci. Klyuyev farko waqe da aka buga a cikin "New Poets" tarin a 1904. Amma nan da nan Klyuyev koma ga kananan gida.

Zama karkashin alama daga farkon juyin juya halin Musulunci events, da mawãƙi kunshe a 1905 a siyasar aiki. Ya fara raba leaflets. Ga shi a 1906. Klyuev aka kama.

Kluev naúra da kuma

A gagarumin taron domin mawãƙi suka saba da Alexander Blok. Mu'amala marubuta ya fara a 1907. Da farko, Nikolai Klyuev quite m, a cikin haruffa zuwa gane mawãƙi, amma sannu a hankali ya hakikance cewa, block kuma shi ne sha'awar su tattaunawa. Klyuyev hankali ya fara magana game da ruhu na zanga-zangar da aka Brewing cikin mutane, game da zamantakewa rashin adalci. Amma shi ne ba kawai game da harkokin siyasa ce da marubuta. Nikolai ce poetic karfi na ruhu da yake a cikin sauki mutane, amma saboda m dalilai, kuma zai iya ba bude gaba daya.

Block haruffa ƙwarai burge Klyuyev. Ya akai-akai kwaso su a cikin haruffa zuwa abokai da su articles. Godiya ga taimako na baki Blok waqe da aka buga a "New Duniya", "Golden ulun" da kuma wasu wallafe-wallafen mujallu. A cikin ayyukan da mawãƙi daga larduna kula Metropolitan marubuta. Tare da yawa daga gare su iya saduwa Klyuyev. Daga cikin su Valeriy Bryusov.

nasarar

A 1911, Nikolai Klyuev wallafa farko tarin "Pins Chime." Gabatarwar da edition ya rubuta Bruce. A littafin da yardar da kuma ban sha'awa da aka soma a poetic da kuma wallafe-wallafen da'irori. Game ta gaskiya ma amsa kasida kamar Nikolay Gumilev, Sergei Gorodetsky , da sauransu. A sauraro da aka buga a cikin ayyukan su sabon abu Klyuyev, da rashin karfi da hali, umurnin tropes, images, rhythms.

Klyuyev tasbĩhi ga yanayi, yankunan karkara salon, mutane. Duk da haka, ya yi imanin cewa, a cẽwa al'adu cewa cike a cikin karni na 19th, ya mutu, kuma aka maye gurbinsu da sabon abu, da kuma mutanen da ke rayuwa.

Gumilyov a review na tarin wakoki klyuevskoy predicts nan gaba - sai ya ce yana da kawai farkon wani sabon yunkuri a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Kuma ya ke daidai. Klyuyev ya zama daya daga cikin na farko da wakilan novokrestyanskoy shayari.

Klyuyev da Yesenin

Nikolai Klyuev dogon lokaci, kare da dama na wani baƙauye shayari zuwa rayuwa. Amma a 1915 ya samu wata wasika daga wani saurayi mawãƙi daga lardin Ryazan. Esenina harafi wahayi Klyuyev. Duk da cewa su ne saba a baya nan, a kusa da wadannan biyu kasida tare da wasu marubuta suka rubuta a cikin baƙauye batutuwa.

A shayari Klyuyev da Yesenin ya gaske sosai a kowa, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa suka sauri sami wani yare gama-gari da kuma united. A 1915 ya buga su ganiya ainihi nasara. Tare da suke halartar wallafe-wallafen marece, karanta su waqe.

Duk da haka, da ƙungiyar dade ba. Esenina kyauta ya yawa fadi novokrestyanskoy shayari, kuma a 1917 da sada zumunci tsakanin kasida sun zo ga ƙarshe.

Shan proletarian shayari

Nikolai Klyuev, wanda waqe raira waƙa da sauki Rasha mutane, duk da haka, ba ya la'akari da kansa a proletarian mawãƙi ne. Juyin juya halin samu wani marubuci a ƙasarsa ta wurin. Sai da na ɗauki zuwa na Klyuyev da unprecedented babbar sha'awa. Amma shi ya wakilci kansa a matsayin m "aljanna ga Guy."

A shekarar 1918, Nikolai Klyuev daukan Bolshevik Party. Tsunduma a farfaganda aiki, karanta kasidu game da juyin juya halin. Duk da haka, ya ke a addini mutumin, wanda shi ne saba wa sabon tsari. Ya bayyana cewa shi inganta a sosai daban-daban juyin juya halin. Kuma a 1920 Klyuyev fitar daga jam'iyyar. Gushe buga da waqe. Ya fara hangula sabon gwamnati da addini bambancin ra'ayi tare da proletarian kasida, ya kira su farfaganda samfurin kayayyakin na jabu.

Yana fara a wuya lokacin da mawãƙi. Ya rayu a cikin talauci, ya batun zalunci, ba zai iya samun aiki. Duk da wannan, ya ci gaba da magana a kan Soviet tsarin mulki.

A gwagwarmayar da mawãƙi ƙare Fabrairu 2, 1934, lokacin da aka kama shi ga "counterrevolutionary tari da kuma yaduwar ayyukan ƙwarai." Ya aka yanke masa hukumcin gudun hijira a Narym ƙasa. Kuma a watan Oktoba 1937 Klyuyev kashe a kan ƙarya zargin.