Na farko mutane: shiriritar, theories, shaida

Tambayar da asalin mutum da kuma fitowan na duniya na kakanninmu ya kasance ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi rigima. Bayyana a cikin tsakiyar karni XIX ka'idar kimiyya na Darwin, bisa ga abin da mutane na farko kasance kõme ba kamar magabatan birai, ba kawai don dot da "i", amma a maimakon haka, ta haifar da wani sabon kalaman na tambayoyi da shakka.

Kafin amsa wannan tambaya na a lokacin da na farko ya bayyana a Duniya mutane ya kamata a fili ayyana wanda shi ya kamata a daukarsa a matsayin gaske mutum, amma wani - kawai gwaggwon biri. Game da wadannan halaye lokaci zuwa lokaci walƙiya up more kuma mafi tattaunawa, amma mafi masana kimiyya sun yarda da cewa halittar Homo ne duk hominids, kwakwalwa yana da damar 600 cubic cm. A wannan yanayin, da farko mutane a duniya - sananne Homo habilis, ragowar wanda nema a mayar da yadudduka na game da biyu da rabi shekaru miliyan da suka wuce.

Shi ne wannan lokaci ne na farko bayyanar da dutse don, wanda ake bukata da daidaituwa na ƙungiyoyi da kuma m dubawa a kan aikin hannun da yatsunsu. Babu biri kwakwalwa wanda, ba zato ba tsammani, ba ya wuce 400 cubic santimita, su yi aikin ba iya.

Duk da haka, idan muka dauki matsayin dalilin da cewa mutane na farko - shi Homo habilis, sa'an nan wanda shi ne su kai tsaye m? A cewar 'yan rahotanni, su ne biyu kananan kafafu Afirka biri, suka kasance daya daga cikin jinsunan Australopithecus.

Duk da cewa a cikin da dama da suka ilimin Halittar Jiki data na biyu kananan kafafu, gwaggwon biri kusa da zamani gwaggon biri kuma chimpanzee, sun kasance musamman iyali, da hallmark na wanda - tafiya tare da yin amfani da Hind wata gabar jiki ne kawai - tasiri a kan sauka a hankali karuwa a kwakwalwa size, kuma su ci gaba zuwa homo sapiens.

Mutane na farko - Homo habilis - kada ka zauna a wannan: a hankali a hankali karuwa a kwakwalwa size ya kai ga ci gaban da more kuma mafi sabon fasali sun kasance gaba daya m su anthropoid kakanninsu. Saboda haka, bayan da ɗari bakwai shekara dubu bayan da gabatarwar, da "m mutum" da aka maye gurbinsu da "Homo erectus" - na Homo erectus. Wadannan halittu sun samo asali sassa na kwakwalwa, ta hanyar abin da shi yiwuwa a shirya su kara ayyuka, da waɗanda kayan aikin, wadda daga ƙarshe da za a halitta. A musamman, da dutse don zama mafi m da kuma aikin: sun fara da za a wasa a garesu da kuma dauki kamannin da canine.

A farko wannan zamani suke bayyana a cikin ƙasa game da dubu arba'in da suka wuce. Ƙwarai ƙara idan aka kwatanta da wannan habilis ko erectus kwakwalwa ya yarda ba kawai don Master duk asali iri crafts, amma kuma suka bauta wa a matsayin tushen da zargin da psyche da kuma tunani, kamar yadda ya nuna ta samu a cikin duwatsu na wannan lokaci, na farko zane da kuma kida.

Na farko mutane da su fitowan da kuma ci gaba da cewa shi ne wani asiri, da wani amfani a wadda ba Fade abada. Ana zargin wani m iri-iri iri - daga cikin saukakkun asalin ga isowa na baki - ya kafa masana kimiyya matsalar na gano sabon mutum saura kuma a kawo su bayyana hanyoyin da wajen da bangarori daban-daban na ilimi.