Ilimin halayyar a Rasha: Milestones sunayen.

Ilimin halayyar matsayin kimiyya ne a otral kimiyya da ilmi game da jama'a da kuma da aka gyara: dangantaka da jama'a, tsarin, zakonomernornostyah ci gaba, zamantakewa cibiyoyin, da dai sauransu

Ilimin halayyar a Rasha yana da wani hadadden rabo. Siyasa vicissitudes kai tsaye shafi ci gaban sociological ka'idar da yi.

Masu bincike yi imani da cewa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha samu ta farko a cikin tsakiyar karni na sha tara. Dalili kuwa zamantakewa da siyasa matsaloli na Rasha al'umma. By ƙarshen XIX karni da matakin na ci gaba ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da aka quite high a kwatanta da waje sociological ka'idar. A wannan batun, ya kamata a lura da cewa samuwar kimiyya matsalolin a pre-neman sauyi ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a da aka rinjayi biyu waje ayyukan sociologists da kuma zamantakewa trends a Rasha wannan lokaci - Slavophilism da Westernism.

Masana sun lura cewa lokaci na farkon karni na ashirin da aka alama ta nasarori a cikin ci gaban da Rasha sociologists na kimiyya sociological ilimi da kuma samuwar na Rasha makaranta nazarin zamantakewar al'umma. Ilimin halayyar a Rasha gabatar da sabon kwatance Turai kimiyya al'umma. Pyrite Sorokin ware fitar da wadannan sociological makarantu na wannan lokaci: inji, roba, na labarin kasa, nazarin halittu, biosocial.

Bayan abubuwan da suka faru na 1917, ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha, kazalika da sauran ilimomin kimiyyar zamantakewa zo karkashin m akida iko da jiha. A m muhimmancin kimiyya da aka tambaye su. Wakilai daga sociological tunani, ko aka tilasta su bar kasar, ko sun sha wahala daga cikin totalitarian tsarin mulki. Zai yiwu wannan tsari ne alaka da cewa a cikin zamani na juyin juya halin Musulunci events na 1905 akwai wani adawa da masu rinjaye na Rasha sociologists, theorists na Markisanci. A sakamakon haka shi da hali na akida kadaici rabuwa da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a daga Turai. Sunayen Rasha sociologists an manta, kuma ayyukan Yammacin malaman da aka gabatar bayan wani akida view.

Da yake jawabi game da ci gaban da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha, ya ambaci kamata a sanya wadanda masu bincike suka yi taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban sociological ilimi a Rasha.

Danilevskiy Nikolay Yakovlevich (1822-1885). A wakilin anti-juyin model na zamantakewa da ci gaban. Ya ɓullo da ra'ayin Pan-Slavism. Rubutun "Rasha da Turai" shi ne m, a sociological da'irori to date.

Lavrov Peter Lavrovich (1823-1900). A wakilin shugabanci na sociological tunani "anthropologism". Masana tarihi sun dangana da fitowan suektivizma mai suna Peter Lavrov. Ya kamata a lura da cewa na ra'ayin wani ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a a Rasha ya samo asali a cikin shugabanci na kayyade da rawar da haddasa daga cikin mutum a tarihi ci gaba. Peter Lavrov ya ba da definition na da yawa daga cikin matsalolin da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, wanda har yanzu amfani da kimiyya da'irori.

Mechnikov Lev Ilich (1838- 1888 biennium). Wakilin "Gwargwadon makaranta" a Rasha ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Development al'umma da nasaba da muhimmancin da Gwargwadon yanayin, barata, saukarwa na ci gaba da wayewa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ruwa: kogin, Rum, Oceanic.

St. Michael, Nicholas K. (1842-1904). A bin da populist Trend in adabi da ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Ya ci gaba da sociological ideas na da rawar da mutum a cikin zaman jama'a da ci gaba.

Kareev Nikolai Ivanovich (1850-1931). Ya kuma yi babban taimako ga tarihin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a, ci gaban ta methodological tsarin.

Pitirim Sorokin (1889-1968) wakilin empirical neo (m hakikanci). A tsakiyar ra'ayin sociological tunani a Sorokin da daraja. Ya yi wani babban tasiri a kan ci gaban zamani ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a. Aikinsa ya bukatar kara fassarar da kuma bincike.

A ci gaba da kimiyya da zamani a Rasha ne fuskantar EFINITIONS kimiyya girma. A binciken da na tarihin ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a damar su yi amfani sociological tunani a cikin sabon tarihi yanayi.