Samuwar, Kimiyya
A tashoshi na boko kashi. Anatomy: boko kashi
Kowane kashi na jikin mutum shi ne mafi muhimmanci "cog" a wata babbar na'ura. Head kashi abubuwa yi wani m aiki. Wadannan abubuwa sun hada da na boko kashi.
A boko kashi: bayanin irin
An muhimmin ɓangare na zagayayyen kwanya na boko kashi, wanda aka located a garesu daga cikin kwanyar, sabili da haka a tururi wanka. Don zama mafi daidai, shi nasa daya daga cikin aka gyara daga cikin kwanyar rufe da kwakwalwa. Kewaye ta sphenoid, parietal da occipital ƙasũsuwa.
Wannan kashi kashi tare da m muƙamuƙi Forms hadin gwiwa. A jummai da ta zygomatic kashi da suka samar da zygomatic baka.
Boko kashi kanta ne ba na game kashi ya wakilta wani yawan sassan wanda ya samar da shi.
Tasowa na boko kashi ossification da maki shida. A karshen 8th mako na da amfrayo ci gaba na farko zuwa ossify scaly sassa. A cikin 3rd watan solidification auku a cikin drum. Tare da isowa daga cikin 5 ga watan watan fetal ci gaba a guringuntsi yanki na dala akwai da dama yankunan da ossification.
Don lokaci kafin haihuwa, na boko kashi riga qunshi wani scaly sassa da drum petrous bangare, da kuma a tsakanin wadannan sassa aka shirya crevices da connective nama.
A tsarin da kashi
Tiyata da na boko kashi ne kamar haka. An ware dala drum part da ɓamɓaroki.
Dala ma kira m part. Kuma ba tare da dalili, saboda wannan kashi da aka hada da wani m osseous kashi. A halittarsa cikin m part ne sosai kama da wani triangular dala (Saboda haka sunan). A tushe na dala da aka nuna a cikin mastoid.
Dala kunshi wadannan sassa: wani tip. gaban, raya da kuma ƙananan saman. apical, raya da kuma kasa baki.
A gaban surface daga cikin dala yana da wani fuskantarwa bayyana tun da ɗaya zuwa gaba. A gefe na dala zama da Sikeli na boko kashi. Tsakanin wadannan biyu abubuwa na boko kashi ne dutse-scaly rami. A ta tsakiyar ɓangare, a gaban surface daga cikin dala da dan kadan arcuate tadawa. A nesa, ta hanyar wadannan mukamai a cikin nau'i na flake ramukan dake lebur rabo wanda abubuwa a matsayin rufin na tympanic kogo.
The raya surface na dala m zuwa cibiyar. Kusan a tsakiyar wannan surface yana da kananan dala auditory bude, wanda gudana a cikin ciki auditory canal. A gefe na auditory takware located podduzhnaya fossa. Kuma a kan ƙananan gefe na wani bude vestibular wandararre.
Ƙananan surface na dala surface taimako siffofi da wuya. A kasa surface gudana a cikin mastoid.
A babba baki na dala ne a kan iyakar layi na fastening gaba da raya saman. Bisa ga tushe na tsagi ne petrosal sinus.
Rear dala baki delimits a raya da kuma ƙananan saman. Tare da ƙananan surface ginu tsagi petrosal sinus. Around gefen tsagi ne mai dimple zuwa waje rami tubule katantanwa.
Daga ciki da dala sanya da gabobin da ji da kuma balance.
A cikin zane da aka nuna:
- Scaly kashi ko ɓamɓaroki. Wannan kashi memba na da convex waje siffar wani farantin, da na sama baki daga wanda yake chamfered. Its sunan - Sikeli - wannan bangare ne saboda da cewa shi overlaps tare da m (Riskar) hanyar zuwa dab ƙarshen parietal kashi da sphenoid reshe. A kan ƙananan gefe shi Yanã shigar da dala da mastoid rabo daga drum. A matsanancin gefen ciwon m tsarin Forms boko fossa. Daga Sikeli fãra zygomatic aiwatar batu a cikin shugabanci na boko tsari na zygomatic kashi da dora wa shi ta serrated baki samar da zygomatic baka. A wadannan nuna scaly gefuna.
- Zygomatic tsari. Wannan kashi hidima a matsayin haɗa da rabo tare da zygomatic kashi. A tsari dangane biyu na ta tushen: gaba da raya, da kuma tsakanin su aka sanya fossa for attaching da ƙananan muƙamuƙi.
- Articular tubercle. An located a kan kasa baki na gaban tushen na zygomatic tsari. Its aiki ne da muhimmanci sosai ga mandibular division - hana ƙananan muƙamuƙi kashi shugaban gaba hijirar a lokacin bude baki fadi.
- Mandibular fossa. An ware daga waje auditory meatus bakin ciki faranti da aka yi da kashi abu. Wannan bambanci kyau sakamako a kan aiwatar da motsi da pathological aiwatar auricle a hadin gwiwa da rabo a gaban shugabanci.
- A waje auditory sako. Wannan rami aka located a gefen waje da na boko kashi. An shugaba tare da Sikeli a baya na mastoid, da gaban da kuma kasa - tympanic ɓangare na boko kashi.
- Glazerova Ramin, in ba haka ba da aka sani da dutse-drum. Wannan makurda rami delimiting tympanic rabo daga boko kashi da protruding baki rabo daga rufin tympanum.
- A drum part. Wannan kashi farantin ne ba manyan a size kuma mai lankwasa siffar. An haɗe zuwa m rabo daga cikin boko kashi. Drum kashi kare waje auditory bude, enveloping shi a kan uku bangarorin tare da Sikeli da mastoid. Wadannan uku sassan na boko kashi ake Fused da ƙarshen gaban, raya da kuma kasa. Wajen da su accretion kira mastoid-faifai Ramin, shi ne dake bayan bude ji. Auditory rami da ke shiga cikin auditory canal, wanda shi ne karshen aya daga cikin tympanic kogo. Daga gaban connector ta'allaka drum-scaly fissure.
- Mastoid. Wannan raya ɓaɓɓake daga boko kashi, wanda aka located bayan bude ji. Daga scaly bangare shi ne delimited parietal daraja. Daga waje zuwa mastoid aiwatar suna a haɗe tsokoki na kai, su suna da kyau kiyaye godiya ta zuwa ga convex da kuma m surface.
- Styloid tsari. Yana dauke da fili rabo daga tsoka tsokoki da jijiyoyin sun hadu. Styloid tsari - wani ɓaɓɓake daga boko kashi, wanda ta hanyar yanayin da samuwar yana gill yanayi. Shi ne mai saura kashi na hyoid baka.
ayyuka
A boko kashi na uku ayyuka:
- M. Boko kashi a tare da tare da sauran ƙasusuwa daga cikin kwanyar kare kwakwalwa daga dukan lalacewa.
- Reference. Girman kwanyar kashi na boko lobe goyon bayan kwakwalwa, kamar yadda ta zaunanniyar.
- Boko kashi - kayyade da wuri na kai tsokoki.
Bugu da kari, wannan kashi ƙunshi gabobin da kuma tashoshi na taimakon ji, balance, kuma akwai karya daban-daban ducts da jini.
Ayyuka ne duka-duka da dogara a kan ilmin jikin mutum na boko kashi. Bugu da kari, da wuri daga nan kusa ƙasũsuwa kuma zai shafi ayyuka.
A tashoshi na boko kashi
A boko kashi ne gaba daya striated daban-daban tududa, cavities da canals. A tashoshi da cavities na boko kashi ana amfani da tasoshin, jijiya rassan, jijiyoyi. Channels wakiltar wani m tubular strands kõre da mai walƙiya ɓangare na boko kashi.
Tebur a kasa ya nuna da na boko kashi tashoshi.
| osseous tunnels | Wanne connect da rami | Wannan crosses tashoshi |
| gaban tashar | The raya bango na dala, da kuma wani AWL-rami mastoid | 7th fuska jijiya, m jijiya da kuma AWL-mastoid tasoshin |
| carotid canal | A koli na dala da kuma m tushe daga cikin kwanyar | Carotid jijiya da kuma jin barci plexus |
| Musculo-tashar tube | A tympanic kogo da kuma babba garun da pyramids | M barban jijiya auditory tube |
| Tubule tympani | Front tashar tympanum da drum rata | 7th fuska jijiya da kuma raya drum jijiya |
| mastoid canaliculus | Lakar tsagi, kuma mastoid Ramin | auricular appendage 10th pneumogastric jijiya |
| drum tubule | Stony rami, kasa bango na dala da tympanum | Kananan m m jirgin ruwa tympanic jijiya, wanda gudanar daga kasa |
| Barci-drum tubules | Edge barci igiyar da kuma tympanum | Barci drum jijiyoyi da jijiyoyi |
| tubule katantanwa | Fara da ciki auditory sashin jiki da kuma ƙananan tushe na dala | Vienna katantanwa tubule |
| Ciki auditory meatus | A can cikin kunne da kuma girman kwanyar fossa ta'allaka ne a baya | 7th fuska jijiya, 8th cochlear jijiya da kuma jijiya na can cikin kunne |
| aikin famfo shirayin | A farkon can cikin kunne da kuma girman fossa, located a kan raya gefen | A jijiyoyinmu ruwan famfo |
Channel fuska jijiya
La'akari da fuska canal na boko kashi. Ya fara a kasa na taimakon ji, wanda aka located a cikin kunne. Mayar da hankali da aka bayyana laterally - tura zuwa m crevice tashar na jijiya fiber. A wannan yankin, shi Forms wani karkace, wanda aka kira na fuska kolentsa tashar. Yana ci gaba da hanyar gaban tashar daga boko kashi caper zuwa ga gefen kuma baya, tare da yanayin layi daya da axis na dama kwana na cikin dala. To, ya zama a tsaye shugabanci da kuma ƙare da mastoid bude a raya bango na tympanum.
carotid canal
Carotid canal boko kashi fara ta hanyar a ƙananan gefe na dala a cikin nau'i na wani bude (budewa). Umurninsa - dama da up, amma ne mafi cancanta ga surface na dala. Channel sa lankwasawa a wani kwana na 90, kuma shi ne na waje bude a koli na dala. Ta hanyar da tashar gudanar da carotid jijiya.
Musculo-tashar tube
Musculo-Tube tashar boko kashi - wani ɓaɓɓake daga auditory tube na can cikin kunne na'ura. Channel fara a saman dala, wato dake tsakanin ta gaban baki da Sikeli na boko kashi.
Tubule tympani
Wannan tubule fara daga tashar na gyara man fuska jijiya, amma ta asalin aka located dan kadan sama da bude daga stylomastoid kuma ƙare a stony-drum rata. Da abun ciki na wannan tashar a cikin boko kashi tebur da aka sake nazari a more daki-daki.
mastoid canaliculus
Tubule daukan ta asalin a cikin lakar fossa intersects ƙananan fuskar tashar iyakar kuma rabu a mastoid-drum rata. Mastoid rami tashar ta hanyar da gudanar hannu na vagus jijiya.
drum tubule
Drum tubule fãra daga kasa daga wani m dimples. Ci gaba da hanya zuwa sama da kuma mike. Crosses located a kan kasa rabo daga tympanic kogo da kuma bayar da umurni zuwa gaba kabido, amma a cikin nau'i na GROOVES. Its karshen zo daga ta hanyar da m crevice jijiya, wanda aka located a gaban gefe na dala na boko kashi.
Drum tashar ƙunshi a cikin kogo drum jijiya.
Barci-drum tubules
A cikin duka, akwai biyu barci-drum tubule. Sun fara garu daga barci tashar, inda kara nuna a cikin tympanic kogo. The aiki na wadannan tashoshi - dauke.
A tashoshi na boko kashi ne schematically nuna a sama. Sun nuna da wuya daga cikin matakai abin da ke faruwa a cikin kashi.
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