Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky: biography, views

Ma'aikacin na Rasha Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Stefan Yavorsky ya Ryazan da Locum Tenens na patriarchal Al'arshi. Ya tashi godiya ga Bitrus I, duk da haka, ina da wani yawan sabani da sarki, wadda daga ƙarshe ta escalated a cikin rikici. Gab da mutuwarsa locum tenens taron majalisar Krista da aka halitta, ta hanyar abin da jihar gaba daya subjugate da Church.

farkon shekaru

A nan gaba addini shugaban Stefan Jaworski aka haife shi a 1658 a garin Jawor, a Galicia. Uwãyensa sun kasance m matalauta manya. A karkashin sharuddan da Andrusovo yarjejeniya a 1667, suka koma gefen karshe Poland. Orthodox iyali Jaworski yanke shawarar barin da kuma matsawa zuwa Yavor Hagu-Bank Ukraine, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Moscow State. Su sabon mahaifarsa juya Krasilovka kauye kusa da garin Nezhin. Ga Stefan Jaworski (a duniya sunansa Semyon) ya ci gaba da ilimi.

A cikin matasa, ya ya riga da kansa ya koma Kiev, inda ya shiga jam'iyyar a Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. Ta kasance daya daga cikin manyan makarantun da ke kudancin Rasha. Ga Stefan karatu har 1684. Ya kusantar da hankalin nan gaba Lardi na Kiev Varlaama Yasinskogo. Yaron da aka bambanta ba kawai son sani amma kuma yi fice halitta damar iya yin komai - mai karye ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma attentiveness. Barlaam taimake shi ya je karatu a kasashen waje.

Nazarin a Poland

A 1684, Stefan Jaworski tafi Rzeczpospolita. Ya yi karatu tare da Jesuits a Lviv da Lublin, ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga tauhidin a Poznan da Vilnius. Katolika ya dauki shi ne kawai bayan da matasa almajiri ya tafi zuwa ga Uniate bangaskiya. Daga baya wannan harka da aka soki abokan adawarsa da kuma m alheri a Rasha Orthodox Church. A halin yanzu Uniates zama masana kimiyya da dama suka so sãdu zuwa Yammacin jami'o'i da kuma dakunan karatu. Daga cikinsu akwai, misali, ai da Epiphany Slavonetsky da Innokentiy Gizel.

Nazarin Yavorsky a cikin Commonwealth ƙare a shekarar 1689. Ya samu wani Yammacin diploma. A kawai 'yan shekaru a Poland ya koya theologian ritorskomu, stihotvorcheskomu da falsafa art. A wannan lokaci karshe ya kafa duniya view, wanda ƙaddara duk gaba ayyuka da kuma yanke shawara. Babu shakka cewa shi ne Katolika Jesuit shuka ya almajiri m rashin jituwa da Furotesta, a kan wanda ya daga baya zai yi aiki a Rasha.

Koma zuwa Rasha

Komowa zuwa Kiev, Stefan Jaworski barranta Katolika. A gida Academy yarda da shi bayan da gwajin. Barlaam Jasinski Yavorsky rika yi zuhudu umarni. A karshe, ya amince, kuma ya zama m, shan sunan Stephen. Da farko ya kasance a novice a Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. Lokacin da zabe Lardi Barlaam, ya taimaka wa protege zama malami vitiystva kuma rhetoric a Academy. Jaworski ne hanzari samun sabon matsayi. By 1691, ya zama wani prefect, kazalika da wani farfesa a falsafa da kuma tauhidin.

Kamar yadda wani malamin Stefan Yavorsky, wanda biography aka dangantawa da Poland, amfani da Latin hanyoyin koyarwa. Ya "dabbobi" su ne nan gaba wa'azi da gwamnatin manyan jami'an kasar. Amma babban almajirin ya Feofan Prokopovich - nan gaba manyan abokan hamayyarsu Stefan Yavorsky a Rasha Orthodox Church. Ko da yake daga baya malamin da aka zargi da cewa ya kasance a cikin ganuwar da Kiev Academy of yada Katolika rukunan, wadannan tirades sun ta da tushe. The wa'azi laccoci texts cewa sun tsira zuwa yanzu, akwai da yawa kwatancin Yammacin Kiristoci kurakurai.

Tare da koyarwa da kuma koyon darussa a kan littattafai Stefan Jaworski bauta a coci. An sani cewa ya yi bikin aure dan Ivan Mazepa. Kafin yaki tare da Swedes firist yi magana gaskiya ma game da hetman. A 1697 da ya zama mai ilimin tauhidi da mazaunin a St. Nicholas sufi a jeji kusa da Kiev. Shi ne wani aiki da nufi da cewa nan da sannu jiran Jaworski Metropolitan. A halin yanzu, ya taimaka mai yawa Barlaam da kuma tafiya da umarnin a Moscow.

m nuna

A Janairu 1700, Stefan Jaworski, wanda biography za a iya ƙarasa da cewa Er aiki aka gabatowa kaifi bi da bi, na tafi zuwa ga babban birnin kasar. Metropolitan Varlaam tambaye shi ya hadu da sarki Adrian kuma lallashe domin ya haifar da wani sabon Pereyaslavskaya kujera. Manzon yi da aiki, amma nan da nan akwai wani m taron cewa halin canza rayuwarsa.

A babban birnin kasar, ya rasu bafadan da kuma soja shugaban Alyaksei Shein. Ya, tare da matasa Bitrus I jagoranci kama na Azov, kuma ko da ya zama na farko Rasha generalissimo. Moscow yanke shawarar cewa eulogy zuwa ce kwanan ya isa Stefan Yavorsky. Ilimi da kuma iya aiki domin wa'azi mutumin bayyana a cikin hanya mafi kyau tare da babban taro na manyanmu. Amma mafi muhimmanci - Kiev bako jawabin sarki, wanda aka sosai imbued tare da balaga. Bitrus na yi bayar da shawarar da sarki Adrian Manzo Varlaam shugaban wasu diocese ba da nisa daga Moscow. Stefan Yavorsky aka rika a lokacin tsaya a cikin babban birnin kasar. ya aka zarar miƙa wani sabon Lardi na Ryazan da Murom. Jiran lokaci ya haziqance a Donskoy sufi.

Metropolitan da kuma locum tenens

Afrilu 7, 1700 sabon Lardi na Ryazan ya Stefan Jaworski. The bishop nan da nan ya dauki sama da aikinsu, da kuma shiga cikin gida coci al'amura. Amma ya Kadaitaccen aiki a Ryazan da aka short-rayu. Riga Oktoba 15 rasu yana da shekaru da kuma jinya sarki Adrian. Peter na kusata Alexey Kurbatov gaya masa ya jira domin zaben na gade. Maimakon haka, sarki ya kafa wani sabon post na locum tenens. A wannan wuri da shawara miƙa wa sa holmogorskogo Archbishop Athanasius. Bitrus ya yanke shawarar cewa bai zama da locum tenens, kuma Stefan Yavorsky. Wa'azin Kiev wakilin a Moscow, ya aka kawo zuwa ga daraja da Lardi na Ryazan. Yanzu shi ne kasa da shekara tsalle zuwa karshe mataki da ƙa'ida zama na farko da mutum na Rasha Orthodox Church.

An wani meteoric Yunƙurin, ya zama zai yiwu godiya ga nasara hade da yanayi da kuma Kwarjini 42-shekara theologian. Ya adadi ya zama plaything a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin hukumomi. Bitrus ya so ya rabu da mu da patriarchate kamar yadda detrimental ga ma'aikata na jihar. Ya shirya ya sake shirya da coci da kuma biyaya da shi kai tsaye zuwa sarakuna. A farko rungumi wannan garambawul ne kawai da ma'aikata da locum tenens matsayi. Idan aka kwatanta da sarki, wani mutum tare da wannan matsayi da yawa m iko. Da ikon yinsa ne iyakance kuma sarrafawa da tsakiyar zartarwa. Fahimtar yanayin da Petrine ya gyara, wanda zai iya tsammani cewa Wa'adinku shi ne a zahiri a bazuwar baƙo da kuma ga Moscow ta mutum a cikin wuri na kai na coci, shi ne m, kuma premeditated.

Wuya da girmamawa da ya nemi Stefan Yavorsky. Uniate Church, ta hanyar abin da ya shige a cikin matasa, da kuma wasu siffofin da ya views iya haifar da wani rikici da birnin jama'a. Nada bai so babban matsala da ya san cewa zai sa a kan "harbe-harben" matsayi. Bugu da kari, cikin ilimin tauhidi da aka rasa a 'yan qasar na Little Rasha, inda ya yi yawa abokai da kuma magoya bayan. Amma ya musa sarki, ba shakka, zai iya ba, saboda haka, ƙanƙan da kai, yarda da tayin.

Da yaki da heresies

Canje-canje sun m da kome. Muscovites kira Jaworski Cherkasov oblivantsem. Da sarki na Urushalima Dositheus rubuta zuwa Rasha Tsar, cewa kada mu inganta sama mazauni ne na Little Rasha. Bitrus bai biya wani da hankali ga wadannan gargadi. Duk da haka Dosifej samu wata wasika daga uzuri, wanda marubucin kansa ya Stefan Jaworski. Opal ya bayyana. Da sarki ba su yi la'akari Kievan "quite Orthodox" saboda ta dade-tsaye hadin gwiwa tare da Katolika da kuma Jesuits. Amsa Dosifeya Stefan ya ba conciliatory. Kawai zai gaje Chrysanthos damuwa tare da locum tenens.

A farko matsala da wanda Stefan Yavorsky ya fuskanta a wani sabon hanya, ya tambaya na Old Muminai. A wannan lokaci, da dissenters aka yada leaflets a Moscow, inda Rasha babban birnin kasar da aka kira Babila, da Bitrus - Dujal. A Oganeza na wannan taron ya zama wani shahararren knigopisets Gregory Talitskii. Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski (Ryazan Sashen zauna a cikin cajin) kokarin shawo da aikata wannan laifi tashin hankali. Wannan muhawara kai ga cewa ya ko da aka buga nasa littafin, sadaukar da ãyõyin zuwan maƙiyin Kristi. The aikin fallashi na kuskure na schismatics da su magudi da aminci ra'ayi.

Stefan Yavorsky abokan adawar

Bugu da kari ga Old Muminai kuma karkata lokuta, locum tenens ya izini domin sanin 'yan takara don alƙawura zuwa wõfintattu dioceses. Ya lists da aka bari da kuma amince da sarki. Kawai bayan amincewa da aka zaba mutum samu da daraja na Lardi. Peter halitta 'yan ma'aunan cewa muhimmanci iyakance cikin locum tenens. Da fari dai, shi ne, keɓewarsa na babban coci - wani taro na bishops. Mutane da yawa daga cikinsu suka ba Ƙasa Yavorsky, da kuma wasu su ne kai tsaye adawar. Saboda haka, ya yi kowane lokaci kare ra'ayinsa a cikin wani bude adawa da wasu coci hierarchs. A gaskiya locum tenens ne kawai na farko daga daidaitãwa, don haka gwamnatin ba zai iya zuwa duk wani kwatanta da wannan iko na da Jikoki.

Abu na biyu, Peter na karu da tasiri na sufi na ofishin, shugaban na wanda ya sanya aminci bafadan Ivan Musin-Pushkin. Wannan mutumin da aka positioned a matsayin mataimaki, da kuma abokin locum tenens, amma a wasu yanayi, sa'ad da Sarkin tsammani shi dole, ya zama kai tsaye m.

Na uku, a 1711 tsohon Boyar Duma karshe an narkar da kuma bayyana a cikin wurin da Hukumar Majalisar Dattawa. Umarnansa ga Church daidaita zuwa ga sarki. A da dama na majalisar dattijai domin sanin ko na takarar da m samarwa da locum tenens, da wuri na bishop. Bitrus, wanda suna ƙara kõma a cikin kasashen waje da manufofin da gina St. Petersburg, ya wakilai management na coci da kuma jihar inji yanzu baki kawai a matsayin karshe mafaka.

Case Lutheran Tveritinova

A 1714, akwai wani abin kunya da ya ƙwarai fadada abyss a kan ko dai gefen wanda akwai statesmen kuma Stefan Yavorsky. Hotuna bai wanzu ba, amma ko da ba tare da su, ta zamani, masana tarihi sun kasance iya mayar da image na Jamus shiri, musamman sprawling karkashin Peter I. A ta rayu waje fatake, sana'a da kuma baƙi mafi yawa daga Jamus. Dukan su sun Lutherans ko Furotesta. Wannan Yammacin malamai fara yada daga cikin Orthodox mazaunan Moscow.

Musamman aiki proponent na Lutheranism zama freethinking likita Tveritinov. Stefan Jaworski, wanda tuba kafin coci da aka shekaru masu yawa da suka wuce, ya tuna da shekaru ciyar a kusa da Katolika da kuma Jesuits. Sun shuka a locum tenens ƙunci na Furotesta. Ryazan Lardi fara da zalunci da Lutherans. Tveritinov gudu zuwa St. Petersburg, inda ya samu wani majiɓinci, kuma m na Majalisar Dattijan tsakanin detractors Yavorsky. umurnin da aka bayar, bisa ga abin da locum tenens ya gafarta zargin Litattafansu. Shugaban na coci, wanda mafi yawa ana damuwa tare da gwamnatin, wannan lokaci ba ya so ya yarda. Ya nemi da taimaka kai tsaye zuwa ga sarki. Bitrus bai son dukan labarin da zalunci na Lutherans. na farko tsanani rikici ya barke tsakanin shi da Yavorsky.

A halin yanzu, locum tenens yanke shawarar bayyana su zargi Protestantism da Orthodoxy ra'ayoyi a raba muqala. Saboda haka, ya zarar ya rubuta fi shahara littafin "The dutse bangaskiya." Stefan Yavorsky a cikin wannan aiki ya jagoranci saba hadisin game da muhimmancin tsare da tsohon ra'ayin mazan jiya tushe na Orthodox Church. A daidai wannan lokaci sai ya yi amfani da rhetoric cewa ya na kowa a lokacin Katolika. A littafin da aka cika da kin amincewa da canji, wanda sa'an nan rinjãya a Jamus. Wadannan ra'ayoyi da kuma ciyar da Protestant Jamus shiri.

A rikici tare da sarki

A labarin da Lutheran Tveritinov ya zama m kararrawa, sigina da aboki na coci a jihar, ya ɗauki m matsayi a kan Furotesta. Duk da haka, da rikici tsakanin su da yawa da zurfi, kuma an kawai widened kan lokaci. Ya kara bunkasa a lokacin da aka buga muqala "Stone na addini". Stefan Yavorsky tare da wannan littafi da aka ƙoƙarin kare su ra'ayin mazan jiya matsayi. Hukumomi sun dakatar da ɗaba'ar.

A halin yanzu, Peter koma kasar babban birnin kasar na St. Petersburg. A hankali ya koma can dukan ma'aikatan. Locum Tenens Lardi na Ryazan da kuma Stefan Yavorsky zauna a Moscow. A 1718, sai sarki ya yi umurni da shi don zuwa St. Petersburg da kuma fara aiki a sabon babban birnin kasar. Wannan ya sa damunsu Stephen. Sarki snapped ya shike kuma ba daidaitawa. Sa'an nan, ya nuna bukatar Ruhaniya Board.

ta samu na aikin da aka umurce su su tsara Feofan Prokopovich - haihuwa almajirin Stefana Yavorskogo. Locum Tenens bai yarda da ra'ayoyin prolyuteranskimi. Har ila yau a 1718, Peter qaddamar ambatar Bishop Theophan Pskov. Ya farko tsiwirwirinsu real iko. Ya yi kokari ya sãɓã wa Stefan Yavorsky. Tuba da zamba a kan locum tenens sun batun magana da jita-jita, yada ta biyu dajiya. Da shi aka kafa da yawa m jami'an da suka yi aiki a Bitrus da waɗanda suka yi magoya bayan na shakka a kan biyayya ga jihar coci. Saboda haka, Lardi na Ryazan kokarin bakanta da suna na dama hanyoyin, ciki har da ƙarfafu da ya dangane da Katolika a lokacin da karatu a Poland.

Aikin a cikin gwaji na Tsarevich Alexei

A halin yanzu, Bitrus ya ga warware wani rikici - wannan lokaci mai iyali. Ɗansa, da kuma magajin, Alexei bai yarda da manufofin mahaifinsa da kuma, a karshen, sai ya gudu zuwa kasar Austria. Ya aka koma kasarsa. A May 1718, Bitrus da umarnin Stefan Yavorsky zuwa zo St. Petersburg wakilci coci a fitina daga cikin m yarima.

Yana da aka yayatawa cewa locum tenens tausaya Alexei kuma ko da sa in touch tare da shi. Duk da haka, babu shirin gaskiya shaida wannan. A daya hannun, an san cewa sarkin bai son sabon coci siyasa mahaifinsa, da kuma ya yi yawa magoya bayan daga cikin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya da limaman a Moscow. A fitina, Lardi na Ryazan da aka ƙoƙarin kare wadannan firistoci. Da dama daga cikinsu tare da sarkin aka zarge shi da laifin cin amanar kasa da kuma hukuncin kisa. Stefan Yavorsky tasiri da hukuncin Bitrus kuwa bai iya. Locum Tenens mallaki binne sabis Alexei mysteriously mutu a cikin kurkuku cell a kan Hauwa'u na kisa.

Bayan samar da taron majalisar Krista

A 'yan shekaru da ya yi karatu na doka a kan kafa na Ruhaniya Board. A sakamakon haka, ya zama sananne a matsayin Mai Tsarki Hukumar taron majalisar Krista. A Janairu 1721, Peter sanya hannu a manifesto a kan kafa ikon zama dole domin kula da coci. A sabon zabe mambobi ne na majalisar Krista da aka hastily rantsar a, kuma a cikin watan Fabrairu, farkon da kafa wani m aiki. A Patriarchate aka hukumance soke da kuma bar a baya.

Bisa ga ƙa'ida sa Peter a kai na taron majalisar Krista na Stefan Yavorsky. Ya aka yi tsayayya da zuwa sabuwar ma'aikata, la'akari da shi wani undertaker coci. Ya bai kasance ga tarurruka na taron majalisar Krista, da kuma ki sanya hannu kan takardar bayar da wannan jiki. A sabis na Rasha jihar Stefan Yavorsky ga kansa a wani sosai daban-daban damar. Amma Bitrus ya sa shi a kan fuska matsayi kawai ya nuna ci gaba da m ma'aikata na patriarchate, mestoblyustitelstva da taron majalisar Krista.

A cikin mafi girma da'irori ci gaba da yada da denunciations, wanda ta tanadi Stefan Yavorsky. Na zamba a yi na sufi Nijinsky da sauran unscrupulous dabarunsa dangana ga Lardi na Ryazan mugunta harsuna. Ya fara rayuwa a Jihar gudana danniya da tasiri da muhimmanci a kan kiwon lafiya. Stefan Jaworski ya mutu a kan Disamba 8, 1722 a Moscow. Shi ne na farko da kuma na karshe shekaru na locum tenens na patriarchal Al'arshi a Rasha tarihi. Bayan mutuwarsa biyu da fara ƙarni na Synodal lokacin da jihar ta yi ta bangare na coci burokrasi.

A rabo daga cikin "Stone na Faith"

Sha'awa, da littafin "Stone na Faith" (shugaban marubuci ta aikin locum tenens) da aka buga a 1728 lokacin da ya da Bitrus, suka yi riga a cikin kabari. The aiki, a zarga Protestantism, da m nasara. Da farko edition aka sauri sayar fita. Daga baya, cikin littafin an sake bugawa sau da yawa. Lokacin da, a zamanin mulkin Anna Ivanovna a ikon da yawa favorites, Jamus Lutheran, "Stone ĩmãni" da aka sake dakatar.

The aiki ne ba kawai m na Protestantism, amma, mafi mahimmanci, shi ne mafi kyau a wannan lokaci, tsanaki lãbãri daga cikin Orthodox ĩmãni. Stefan Jaworski jaddada wadanda wurare a cikin abin da suka sãɓã wa jũna shi daga Lutheranism. A rubutun da aka sadaukar zuwa ga sauran kaya, gumaka, da kuma sacrament na Eucharist, mãsu alfarma al'ada, a kan Litattafansu, da sauransu. D. Lokacin da Orthodox jam'iyyar karshe jinainai a karkashin Elizabeth, "Stone na Faith" ya zama wata babbar tauhidin Rasha Church aiki ya kuma kasance haka a ko'ina cikin XVIII karni .