Gwamnati Majalisar Dattijan: da ayyuka. Halittar majalisar dattijai

A wannan zamanin Petra Velikogo a Rasha ya bayyana gwamnatin majalisar dattijai. Kan gaba da karni biyu, wannan jama'a dalĩli da yawa sau reformatted bisa ga nufin wani monarch.

Fitowan na Majalisar Dattijan

Gwamnati Majalisar Dattijan aka halitta da Bitrus na a matsayin "aminci matashi" a taron na tashi daga sarki babban birnin kasar. Sarkin da aka san shi da aiki hali - ya kasance kullum a kan tafi, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa jihar inji a ɓõye iya zama na banza domin watanni. A da na gani kudin na absolutism. Bitrus ya gaske kadai jiki na jihar ikon a cikin sararin daular.

The asali gwamnatin Majalisar Dattijan (1711) ya zo muƙarrabai da mataimakansa na sarki, wanda ya mallaki dogon lokacin da amincewa. Daga gare su, Peter Golitsyn, Mihail Dolgorukov Gregory Volkonsky da sauran manyan shugabannin.

Halittar majalisar dattijai a karkashin Bitrus 1 faru a cikin wani zamanin lokacin da babu wani bayyanannen rabuwa da iko a Rasha (da shari'a, zartarwa da kuma majalisu). Saboda haka, cikin kewayon iko na jiki ne kullum canja dangane da halin da ake ciki da kuma dace.

A cikin farko domin Bitrus da sanatocin ayyana cewa su biya na musamman da hankali ga bayyana taskar da cinikayya, da tasoshin. Yana da muhimmanci cewa wannan ma'aikata ya ba ta kasance 'yan adawa da sarki. A daidai wannan lokaci da Rasha majalisar dattijai ya da cikakken m na wannan sunan a jikin makwabtaka da Poland ko Sweden. Akwai irin wannan ma'aikata ya wakilci bukatun na aristocracy, wanda zai iya kwaikwayon da manufofin da su monarch.

Hulda da larduna

Tun da aka kafa, da gwamnatin majalisar dattijai yi aiki tare da yankuna. Babbar Rasha ya ko da yaushe bukatar wani tasiri tsarin na hadin gwiwa tsakanin larduna da kuma babban birnin kasar. A karkashin mamaya daga Bitrus yana da wani hadadden cibiyar sadarwa umarni. A dangane da manyan sikelin-sauye-sauye a duk duniyoyin rayuwa, sun daina zama tasiri.

Wannan Bitrus halitta lardin. Kowane administrative mahaluži ya karbi biyu Kwamishinan. Wadannan jami'an sun yi aiki kai tsaye tare da majalisar dattijai, da kuma nuna sha'awarta a St. Petersburg lardin. Tare da taimakon na sama ya gyara aikinsa, Sarkin sarakuna widened da ikon yinsa, daga kai gwamnati a larduna.

Fiscals da kuma masu gabatar da}

Hakika, halittar Majalisar Dattawa ba zai iya yi ba tare da kafa sabon posts alaka aikinsa. Tare da sabon Gabar bayyana sneaks. Wadannan jami'ai su na sarki masu kula. Su sarrafawa aikin cibiyoyin da kuma tabbatar da cewa duk da umarnin da monarch yi daidai da na karshe nuna ra'ayi.

A wanzuwar sneaks ya kai ga cin mutunci. The mutum, wanda ya sosai ikon, ya iya amfani da matsayinsa don samun riba. A karo na farko, ba su ma zama kayyade azãba ga ƙarya denunciation. A dangane da rigima sneaks sabis a Rasha harshen shi ya samu wani mummunan biyu lexical ma'anar wani mai ba da labari kuma mai tsegumi.

Duk da haka, halittar wannan post ya zama dole gwargwado. A yi rahõto sarki (shugaba da leken asiri) zai bukaci wani bayani daga kowane hukuma a majalisar dattijai. Saboda wannan Jihar harkokin kowane daraja, ko da kuwa da tsawo daga matsayinsa, ya san cewa nasa zagi na ikon iya hallaka shi. Fiscals wanzu ba kawai a St. Petersburg, amma kuma a cikin larduna (lardin-fiscals).

Very da sauri, halittar majalisar dattijai ya nuna cewa jama'a dalĩli ba zai iya aiki yadda ya kamata saboda infighting tsakanin sanatocin. Sau da yawa ba su iya zo da wani na kowa ra'ayi, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin muhawara a kan mutum, da sauransu. D. Wannan hampered aikin dukan na'ura. Peter sa'an nan a 1722 halitta post na Procurator-Janar, wanda ya zama babban mutum a majalisar dattijai. Ya kasance mai "gada" tsakanin sarki da kuma Metropolitan ma'aikata.

A wannan zamanin fada juyin mulki

Bayan mutuwar autocrat aiki na majalisar dattijai domin karo na farko tsanani rage. Wannan ya faru saboda gaskiyar cewa da aka kafa ta da Koli kãshi Council, a cikin abin da ya zauna aristocrats wadannan Catherine na da Bitrus II. Ya zama wani zabi ga majalisar dattijai da kuma sannu a hankali ya dauki kan iko.

Elizaveta Petrovna bayan Accession a kan karaga, don mayar da tsohon tsari. A majalisar dattijai ya sake zama babban shari'a ma'aikata na daular, ya kasance ƙarƙashin soja da kuma na sojan ruwa jirgin.

Catherine II garambawul

Saboda haka, abin da su ne ayyuka nuna da gwamnatin majalisar dattijai, za mu fahimci. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan halin da ake ciki ba a son de Catherine II. A sabon empress yanke shawarar garambawul. A ma'aikata ya kasu kashi shida sassa, kowane alhakin wani takamaiman ikon yinsa, daga jihar ayyukan. Wannan gwargwado ya taimaka wajen karin daidai delineate da iko na majalisar dattijai.

A farko sashen aka tsunduma a ciki harkokin siyasa, na biyu - kotu. Na uku - larduna, wanda ya matsayi na musamman (Estonia, Livonia, kuma Little Rasha), na huɗu - da soja da kuma Maritime al'amura. Wadannan cibiyoyin suke a St. Petersburg. Sauran biyu sun kasance a lura da Moscow sashen na kotu kuma administrative al'amura. Ga abin da ayyuka da aka bai wa gwamnatin majalisar dattijai a karkashin Catherine II.

Empress ma ƙwarai inganta rinjayar da atoni-janar a kan aikin na duk sassan. A lokacin da zamanin fada juyin mulki ne , da post rasa ta tsohon muhimmancin. Ekaterina fi son su ci gaba da kome a ƙarƙashin ikon da haka mayar da oda na Bitrus da autocracy.

A lokacin gajeren mulkinsa danta Paul majalisar dattijai sake ya rasa mafi musu 'yancinsu. A sabon sarki shi ne musamman m. Ya bai amince iyayengiji, wanda mahaukaci a kalla wasu tasiri kuma yayi kokarin bayar da gudummawa ga hanyar jama'a yanke hukunci.

A cikin XIX karni

Kamar yadda ya kasance a sosai karshen ta zama (kafin juyin juya halin), gwamnatin majalisar dattijai da aka kafa a zamanin Alexander I. A sa'an nan, da tsarin siyasa ya stabilized da daular. Tsaya fadar juyin mulki, da kuma gādo daga wata fadar title ya daina zama caca.

Alexander ya yiwuwa mafi demokradiyya shiryayye Rasha sarki. Ya samu hannuwansu a kan jihar, aiki a kan m sunadaran wanda zai bukatar a canza gaggawa. A sabon sarki gane cewa halittar Majalisar Dattijan (shekarar 1711-th) aka m da kyau nufi ba, amma ya ji cewa a tsawon shekaru da wannan jiki ya rasa da muhimmancin da kuma juya a cikin wani pathetic kwaikwayo na kansa.

Nan da nan bayan ya bayyanar a kan kursiyin, Alexander I a 1801 ya bayar da umurnin a wanda ya miƙa zuwa jami'an aiki a wannan ma'aikata, don ya ba da su ayyukan a mai zuwa garambawul. A 'yan watanni akwai wani aiki tattaunawa na aikin a kan reformatting na majalisar dattijai. A tattaunawa da aka samu halartar wakilan asirin kwamitin - matasa aristocrats, abokai da abokan hulda na Alexander a cikin m farkon.

ci gaba

Sanatoci nada wa post da Sarkin sarakuna da kansa. Suna iya zama kawai da jami'an na farko uku azuzuwan (bisa ga Table of Ranks). Rubuce, da Sanata iya hada asali matsayi da wani. Alal misali, wannan gyara da aka sau da yawa amfani a yanayin saukan yaki.

Nan da nan mataki a kan wani abu na musamman da aka yi a cikin ganuwar da wani sashen. A daidai wannan lokaci, lokaci-lokaci rike wani babban taron a wadda duk mambobi ne na Majalisar Dattawa ba. Wannan doka, haƙĩƙa, sun shige a cikin wannan jiha jiki ne kawai zai iya kawar da Sarkin sarakuna.

ayyuka

Bari mu tuna, gwamnatin majalisar dattijai da aka halitta a abin da shekara. Haka ne, a 1711, kuma tun sa'an nan da institute hukumomi a kai a kai dauki bangare a cikin dokokin. A cikin shakka daga ta sake fasalin, Alexander Na halitta don wannan dalili musamman ma'aikata - majalisar kasa. Duk da haka, Majalisar Dattijan iya har yanzu ci gaba daftarin dokokin da ba da shawara da su zuwa ga mafi shawara da Ministan Shari'a, wanda shi ma XIX karni hada da tsohon post na Procurator-Janar tare da wani sabon daya.

A lokaci guda a kan site na ma'aikatar katakan aka halicce su. A farko akwai wasu rikice game da dangantakar dake tsakanin sabon zartarwa hukumomin da kuma majalisar dattijai. Da iko na duk hukumomin, ya karshe an gano da karshen zamanin Alexander I.

Daya daga cikin muhimman ayyukan da majalisar dattijai ta fara aiki tare da baitul. Yana verifies da kasafin kudin sashen, kuma ya ruwaito cikin m ikon da bashi da rashin kudi. Bugu da kari, majalisar dattijai da aka sa a kan ma'aikatun a warware hukumomin rigingimu a kan dukiya. Wannan jama'a dalĩli za tsara cinikayyar cikin gida, nada mahukunta. Sanatoci sun armorial Empire (ga wannan na musamman sashen aka ma halitta).

Muhimmancin majalisar dattijai da kuma ta abolition

Peter na bukatar a jihar ma'aikata cewa zai maye gurbin shi, tsawon lokacin da rashi daga babban birnin kasar. Wannan sarki ya taimaka halittar majalisar dattijai. Kwanan wata na abin da ya faru na post na Procurator-Janar (1722) kuma dauke da ranar haihuwa na gabatar da kara ta Office a Rasha.

Duk da haka, tare da lokacin ayyuka na majalisar dattijai canza. A zartarwa reshe jami'an da aka ba manyan ba, amma sun kasance wani muhimmin Layer tsakanin mahara allon (daga baya ma'aikatu).

Shahararren mai muhimmanci a cikin harkokin na majalisar dattijai da na kotu. Wannan roko rũgũguwar fita daga ko'ina cikin kasar. Majalisar Dattijan rubuta disgruntled lardin masu kara da gwamnonin. Wannan tsari da aka kafa bayan da shari'a garambawul na Alexander II a cikin 1860s.

Lokacin da Rasha Bolsheviks zo zuwa ƙarfi, suka daya daga cikin karo na farko da dokokin dakatar da ayyukan da majalisar dattijai. A da umurnin kotu lambar 1, soma a ranar 5 Disamba 1917.