Iran Filato: yanayin wuri, wuri, albarkatun kasa da kuma siffofin

Tsaunuka, wanda za a tattauna a wannan labarin ne sarrafa giza kuma mafi girma da duk na Persian. Firam shi daga dukkan bangarorin da high, shirya a dama layuka na ridges dunbin a yamma da kuma gabas, da kuma kafa da Pamir da Armenian taruwa nodes.

Game da wuri daga cikin Iran Plateau, da peculiarities na ta sauƙi, game da Flora da fauna daga wadannan wurare, kazalika da sauran bayanai za a iya samu a cikin wannan labarin.

Total ma'aunan kasa bayanai

Geologically, Iran Filato - wani sashi na Eurasian farantin, wanda aka matse tsakanin India Plate kuma Balarabe Plate.

Folded duwãtsu suna cike da koyaswa tuddanta, kuma intermountain daruna. Mawuyacin tsakanin duwatsu cika strata babbar clastic unconsolidated abu wanda samu akwai daga kewaye duwãtsu. The mafi ƙasƙanci yankunan cavities da zarar sun shagaltar da tabkuna, ya dade da bushe, kuma su bar wani babban strata na gypsum da gishiri.

A ɓangaren da na Iran Filato

Iran - mafi girma a tudu da yajin yanki na da Near East. Kuma mafi yawansu shi ne located a cikin Iran da kuma a Afghanistan da kuma Pakistan, shi shiga daga gabas.

A arewacin kara zuwa kudu na Turkmenistan, da kuma kudancin kan iyakar kasar da Iraki grabs. Manyan expanses daukan Iran Plateau. Its tsarawa: 12.533333 ° - latitud, 41.385556 ° - Longitude.

shimfidar

Domin da aka bayyana a Plateau halayyar mayẽwa daga dutsen sararin plateaus da filayen kwarinta zuwa dutsen jeri, mun gwada bushe sauyin yanayi da kuma ruwan dare na Semi-hamada da kuma hamada shimfidar. Sarƙoƙi na duwatsu dake a cikin iyakar yankunan, aka rabu daga ciki sassa na low-kwance plateaus. A karshen ma ya hada da partially a cikin yankin.

Wadannan outlying dutsen jeri converge a cikin Armenian tsaunuka (a arewa maso yamma) da kuma Pamir (a arewa maso gabashin), forming wani falalen dũtse shafukan. Kuma a cikin kewayon upland sarkar m nĩsantarwa daga juna, da kuma yankunan therebetween suna da yawa depressions, duwãtsu, kuma plateaus.

Asalin sunan da tsaunuka

Iran tudu ne a sararin ƙasa, wanda yanki ne kamar 2.7 miliyan square ƙafafunsa. kilomita, kuma ta tsawon ne daga Gabas da Yamma 2500 kilomita daga arewa zuwa kudu - 1500 km. A mafi girma na shi aka located a kan ƙasa na Iran (yana daukan game da 2/3 na yankin), dangane da wanda yana da sunan da tsaunuka. Sauran ƙasa maida hankali ne akan wasu yankunan na Afghanistan da kuma Pakistan.

Mafi yawa arewacin unguwar ta'allaka cikin Harshen Turkmen-Khorasan Mountains (ɓangare na Kopet Dag tsaunika), kuma yammacin rabo daga gare shi - a kan Iraqi yankuna.

taimako

Babbar ƙasa ne shagaltar Iran Plateau. Tsororuwar shi ne a ciki yankunan.

Kusan dukan tsarin na kudancin m yankunan yana da wani halayyar, kusan guda fasali na ƙasa da kuma gine-gine. Dutsen nan ciki da kimanin guda tsawo (daga 1500 zuwa 2500 mita) da kuma kawai a cikin tsakiyar rabo (Zagros) kai wani tsawo na fiye da 4000 m.

A ridges ne a layi daya dutsen sarkar, folded da folded Cainozoic Mesozoic kankara, tsakanin wanda da fadi da ciki (tsawo na 1,500 zuwa 2,000 mita).

Har ila yau gani a nan da yawa gorges, crosswise, amma su ne don haka daji da kuma kunkuntar, cewa shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu a samu. Amma akwai transversal ta hanyar kwarin fadi da kuma mafi bude, ta hanyar abin da hanyar sadarwa da juna da kuma tekun hinterland tudu.

A ciki na tsaunuka da kyau a daure da dutsen arcs. Elbrus ne dake arewacin baka da Damavand aman wuta (rufinta ne 5604 m). Har ila yau, a nan ne Harshen Turkmen-Khorasan duwãtsu (ciki har da Kopet Dagh), Paropamiz, Hindu Kush (Tirich Mir ya tsawo daga saman 7690 m - da girma ganiya na Iran tudu).
Wasu daga cikin da yawa daga cikin mafi kololuwa na tsaunuka an kafa ta dadaddun volcanoes da rubabben.

Ma'adanai Iran Filato

Ma'adinai tsaunuka kadan karatu da talauci amfani, amma, a fili, su ne manya-manyan. Babban arziki na yankin ne mai, mai yawa reserves sun mayar da hankali da kuma ci gaba a Iran (kudu-maso-yammacin). Wadannan kudaden da ake dangantawa da Mesozoic da Miocene foothill deflection (na Zagros). Shi ne ma sane da wanzuwar hydrocarbon reserves a arewacin iran, a cikin filayen kwari yankunan da ta Kudu Caspian (Azerbaijan yankin na Iran).

Iran tudu yana a cikin sediments da kwal (a cikin daruna na iyakar duwãtsu arewacin). Known adibas na darma, da jan karfe, da baƙin ƙarfe, da zinariya, tutiya da sauransu. Shin, sunã a cikin ciki yankunan da a cikin m ridges na Iran Filato, amma su ci gaba ne har yanzu bai isa a kula.

Kuma salts babban reserves of: sodium, potassium da Glauber. A kudancin gishiri yana Cambrian shekaru da kuma shi ne mai iko gishiri domes, uwa da surface. Akwai gishiri adibas da kuma a fannoni da dama, kuma duk da haka suna ajiyar tare da bankunan na da yawa gishiri tabkuna a tsakiyar sassa na tsaunuka.

yanayin damina

Kusan duk Iran Filato shi ne a cikin subtropical zone. Ciki sassa, kamar yadda muka gani a sama, suna kewaye da duwãtsu. Wannan kayyade sauyin yanayi na Iran tudu da ta siffofin - rashin ruwa, high yanayin zafi a lokacin rani, da kuma ta ɓangaren duniya.

Takaitacciyar da hazo da dama a cikin da Filato a hunturu da kuma bazara lokaci lokaci a iyakacin duniya gaban, a kan abin da cyclones therealong iska ta shiga daga Atlantic. Saboda mafi girma rabo daga intercepting danshi jeri GVW hazo ne low a wadannan yankunan.
Alal misali, da ciki na (. Deshte-Luɗu da dai sauransu) an samu akalla 100 mm ruwan sama a wannan shekarar, da yammacin gangara - 500 mm, da kuma Gabas - ba fiye da 300 mm. Kawai Caspian Sea Coast da kuma Elbrus (ta arewacin kafaɗar) sama har zuwa 2 dubu. Mm na ruwan sama, wanda aka miƙa northerly iskõki daga Caspian Sea yankunan a lokacin rani. A wadannan wurare akwai mai zafi, da kuma wuya ko da ke yankin.

Iran tudu yana da wani talakawan Yuli zafin jiki a kan manyan yankuna na ƙasar - a cikin 24 ° C. A shafukan da filayen kwari, musamman m, shi yawanci kai 32 ° C. Akwai kuma wuraren da bazara da zazzabi kai 40-50 digiri, wanda ake dangantawa da samuwar wurare masu zafi iska a kan wadannan yankunan. Winter a mafi sassa na yankin ne sanyi. Kawai ta Kudu Caspian filayen kwari (matsananci kudu) da wani talakawan Janairu zafin jiki a cikin kewayon 11-15 ° C.

kayan duniya

A girma daga hazo, da lokaci da kuma lokacin da suka shaida a kan upland gona da kuma musamman ayyana girma su a kan halitta ciyayi. Iran tudu yana da gandun daji da suke da na kowa kawai a wasu wuraren a kan gangara, a gefe ta ga m iska.

Musamman lokacin farin ciki da arziki a cikin abun da ke ciki broadleaf gandun daji girma a kan filayen kwarinta na Kudu Caspian da kuma m gangara na Elbrus zuwa tsawon game da 2000 m.

Mai ake samu a nan chestnut itatuwan oak, da wasu daga cikin jinsunan, hornbeam, Beech, zuma locust Caspian, da baƙin ƙarfe ores (endemic zuwa ta Kudu Caspian), Evergreen akwatin-itatuwa. Shrubs (undergrowth) - hawthorn, rumman, plum. Hawa shuke-shuke - daji inabi, aiwi, blackberry, kuma clematis.

Kwaruruka gandun daji cike da koyaswa marshy yankunan, overgrown da reeds da sedges. Kusa da ƙauyuka mika gidãjen Aljanna, Citrus plantations, shinkafa filayen (a cikin mafi m yankunan).

A kudancin gangara daga cikin Zagros girma oak, ash, Maple, cike da koyaswa ci-zaƙin, kuma pistachios. Pistachio gandun daji da kuma Juniper itacen akwai, da kuma a kan rijiyar-noman gangara Harshen Turkmen-Khorasan a duwãtsu Suleiman kuma Paropamiz. Matakin up yafi mamaye Bishiyoyi da kyau mai tsayi fadamun.

duniya na dabbobi

Iran Plateau a matsayin wani ɓangare na da fauna yana da Rum abubuwa, kazalika da makwabta yankuna: Kudu Asia da Afrika.

A arewa, gida don wasu daga cikin tsakiyar Asiya fauna. Bugu da kari a wadannan mazaunan arewacin gandun daji, kamar bareyin da kuma ruwan kasa bear, a samu a nan da kuma yara yammacin sahara - leopards da damisa. Kuma daji Boars rayuwa a cikin marshy thickets.
A cikin ciki na tsaunuka, tuddanta rayuwa da tumaki, da dutsen awaki, barewa bareyi, daji Cats, diloli da daban-daban hakori. A yankuna na kudancin gamu da mongooses da bareyi.

A babban iri-iri na tsuntsaye samu makõmarsu a wadannan wurare, musamman a cikin lacustrine da riverine thickets da swamps: ducks, geese, flamingos, seagulls. Kuma a cikin dazuzzuka na pheasants za a iya samu a mafi bude hamada yankunan - jay, Ryabkov da kuma wasu tsuntsaye masu cin nama.

A ƙarshe, wasu daga cikin matsalolin da Upland yankunan

Kusan daukacin yankin ke fama da rashin ruwa. Kawai 'yan shafukan bayar da shi. Full-qoramu kõguna sunã gudãna daga cikin Caspian Sea, zamanto kawai a arewa. The girma na magudanai a cikin ƙasa na Iran tudu yana da wani m ya kwarara da kuma bayansa da ruwa kawai a lokacin da ta ruwa ko shawa.

Sashe na daga cikin kõguna a cikin sama ya kai da akai ruwa ya kwarara, kuma su ne quite dogon lokaci zuwa bushe fita su tsakiya da kuma ƙananan ya kai. A Gulf (Gulf of Oman da kuma Persian) ya fada cikin da dama karami koguna. The girma na Highland gudãna (ciki har da most, Helmand, ta tsawon - 1000 km) nasa ne da daruna na ciki magudanun ruwa, sun fada cikin gishiri tabkuna ko kawo karshen sama a cikin gishiri Marshes ko swamps na filayen. Rawar da suka taka ba manyan: unnavigable, kusan ba kafofin samar da makamashi.

Yadu amfani da wannan ruwa domin ban ruwa. Tare da koguna da a yankunan da a fita daga ruwan zafi kafofin kyau kwarai kore oases.