Herpetology wata kimiyya ce da ke nazarin dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu amintattu

Kimiyya da ke nazarin dabbobi ana kiranta zoology. Ya zama ɓangaren sashe a ilmin halitta. An kira ɓangaren zoology game da dabbobi masu rarrafe da ake kira herpetology.

Herpetology da batrachology

Aristotle a matsayin mai binciken farko na nazarin magungunan mata na nazarin ilimin hagu, kwari, turtles, maciji sun zama sunadaran kimiyya - herpetology. Tsarin halittu da dabbobi masu rarrafe ya haɗu zuwa wata ƙungiya kuma ake kira "dabbobi masu rarrafe". Yawancin lokaci, an bayyana manufar "dabbobi masu rarrafe": an rarraba dabbobi masu rarrafe da ƙananan halittu zuwa ƙungiyoyi biyu. Nazarin masu amphibians sun fara magance ilimin batirin.

Duk da haka, masana kimiyya da ke nazarin dabbobi masu mahimmanci suna da sha'awar masu amphibians, kuma hakan yana da ma'ana. Sabili da haka, ilimin maganin jini kamar kimiyya daban-daban ba ta da tushe kuma an fi ganin shi a matsayin sashe na herpetology. Wato, kimiyya da ke nazarin magungunan dabbobi da masu amphibians ana kiranta herpetology.

Amphibians

Tsarin halittu masu amfani da ruwa ne a cikin rayuwarsu. Za su iya rayuwa a ƙasa da ruwa, saboda haka ikon su na numfashi yana da nasarorinsu: numfashi yana yiwuwa tare da taimakon gills, huhu, ta fata da mucous membranes na bakin. Amphibians ninka kawai a cikin ruwa.

Masu tsinkaye sun bayyana a daɗewa, yayin da suke zama nau'in jinsin da basu bata ba, amma, a cikin wasu, zasu iya daidaita da sababbin yanayin rayuwa.

Hanyoyin siffofi na amphibians wanda ya taimake su su daidaita da duniya a kusa da su:

• Ƙananan girma;
• Ayyukan cin abinci marasa cin abincin, don su iya samun abincinsu, kuma hakan yana taimaka musu su guje wa yunwa;
• Kyakkyawan haihuwa (ta kare shi daga jinsin su);
• Launi, wanda ke aiki a matsayin mai lalata, ba ya ƙyale makiya su gano masu amphibians;
• Yanayin mummunan yanayin wasu nau'in - ikon kare kansu daga abokan gaba.

Dabbobi

Kalmar "dabbobi masu rarrafe" a cikin Latin yana nufin "fashe", "cringe". Dukkan abubuwa masu rarrafe: bayyanar su, hanyar rayuwa, haifuwa ta kimiyyar kimiyya, wadda ke nazarin ilimin dabbobi, - herpetology.

A mafi girma da lambar kuma iri-iri na wakilan irin wannan da aka sanya a cikin Mesozoic Era (230 shekaru miliyan BC - .. 67 shekaru miliyan BC ..). Ana iya raba dabbobi masu rarrafe iri guda uku: wadanda suke zaune a ƙasa, cikin ruwa da kuma tsuntsu kamar tsuntsaye.

A cikin zamani na zamani akwai nau'i-nau'i hudu:

• Kodododi;
• Beak-gangarawa;
• Scaly;
• Yakin daji.

Kimiyya, nazarin macizai da sauran dabbobi masu rarrafe, suna danganta su zuwa gajerun gado, tare da tsuntsaye da dabbobi.

Herpetology a matsayin ɓangare na magani na dabbobi

Kowace shekara kowace dabba da yawa suna fitowa a gidaje da ɗakin. Dabbobi da ke zaune a cikin terrariums suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman da magani, wanda shine sabon abu ga wasu dabbobi.

Kula da irin wannan dabbobi ya kamata gwani wanda ya fahimci halaye na irin waɗannan dabbobi, yana da kwarewa a fannin farfadowa, tiyata, zai iya yin ilimin likitanci na yiwuwar cutar. Saboda haka, likitan dabbobi dole ne ya kasance mai herpetologist. Sabili da haka, daga abin da ake kira kimiyya, wanda yake nazarin ilimin dabbobi, sunan likitan dabbobi, magungunan mata, yana faruwa.

Yayin da zaluntar dabbobi masu rarrafe ko amphibians, likita ya kamata ya san komai game da halin da suke ciki: yadda suke nunawa a cikin wani yanayi, abin da ke faruwa a wasu lokutan rayuwarsu.

Terrariums

A hankali, rayuwar mutane sun haɗa da salon kayan dabbobi na gida: dabbobi masu rarrafe ko amphibians. Duk da haka, sha'awar irin wadannan dabbobi shine tsada mai tsada. Kudin zai buƙata duka biyu don sayen dabba da ake buƙata, kuma don tsara shi cikin gidan.

Ƙari da yawa a cikin gida suna kokarin kokarin haifar da mafi yawan kama da kusurwar daji, ta amfani da abubuwa na halitta na ado na terrarium. A fasaha na fasaha na fasaha, duk da kyau kuma bisa ga bukatun na cikin dabba, za su yi ado a gidan kuma su ba da zarafi su kalli dabbobinku da jin dadi.

Kammalawa

Sabili da haka, kimiyya da ke nazarin dabba ana kiran shi herpetology. Wannan kimiyya ya hada da batutuwa - nazarin masu amphibians.

Masu tsauraran magungunan su ne mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin jumloli, masu rarrafe - sau biyu. Duk da haka, wakilai a cikin wadannan ɗalibai na ainihi ne kuma suna haifar da sha'awar gaske a fagen nazarin da daidaitawa ga yanayin. Dabbobi da masu amphibians suna da jini. A wannan yanayin, suna da irin wannan bambanci:

• Jiki na amphibians suna rufe da fata mai damp, yayin da a jikin dabbobi masu rarrafe an rufe shi da Sikeli, garkuwa ko faranti;
• Ba su da kullun, masu rarrafe suna da su;
• Kwayoyin Amphibian ba su da matsi mai wuya;
• 'Yan amphibians' yan jarirai sun wuce ta wurin tsalle-tsalle, dabbobi masu rarrafe - babu;
• Amphibians sa qwai cikin ruwa, dabbobi masu rarrafe - a qasa;
• Abubuwa masu tasowa: salamanders, toads, frogs;
• Dabbobi - tsutsarai, turtles, pecks, amphibians, maciji.

Kwayarta ta yau da kullum kamar kimiyya da ke nazarin dabba, ta ci gaba da binciko ayyukan rayuwa, lura da ci gaba da dabbobi masu rarrafe da masu amintattu. A cikin 'yan shekaru an ƙara zama rare sana'a likitan dabbobi-herpetologist.