Sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogencarbonate - mafi ban sha'awa

Kimiyyar ilimin kimiyya ce mai ban sha'awa wanda ya bayyana mafi yawan hanyoyin da abubuwan da ke kewaye da mu. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan abubuwa ba su da iyakancewa ga sauƙi rushe sukari a cikin kofi na shayi ko hydrolysis na abubuwa, wanda shine tushen tushen tsarin masana'antu, amma har ma yana da rikitarwa kamar yadda halittar kwayoyin halittu ba tare da sanya wani kwayoyin halitta ba. A takaice dai, ilmin sunadarai shine kimiyyar rayuwa ta hanyar yawancin abubuwan da ke kewaye da mu. Masana kimiyya na iya gaya duk abin da ya shafi acid, asali, alkalis da salts. Daya daga cikin karshen za a tattauna a baya - sodium carbonate. Bari mu dubi duk abin da ke da alaka da sodium carbonate, farawa tare da tsari na sinadaran kuma ya ƙare tare da aikace-aikace a masana'antu da rayuwa.

Saboda haka, carbonate sodium, wanda aka rubuta shi kamar haka: Na2CO3, gishiri ne na carbonic acid, wanda ake kira sodium sodium na carbonic acid, ko soda ash. Wannan abu abu ne mai kama da sauƙin foda, wanda ya kunshi kananan hatsi, wanda ba shi da wari kuma tare da dandano mara kyau. Zai iya haifar da guba mai tsanani da ulcers na gastrointestinal fili idan ya shiga cikin jikin mutum a cikin babban adadi. A tsarin dabara ne kamar haka: biyu daya biyu daga electrons da sodium zarra bonded zuwa oxygen kwayoyin halitta (da sodium zarra da daya oxygen), oxygen kwayoyin halitta da alaka da guda shaidu zuwa carbon zarra, kuma carbon, a wani guda, to, a haɗa zuwa hudu (nau'i-nau'i biyu) electrons Tare da iskar oxygen. Saboda haka, muna ganin hotunan da ke ban sha'awa: ƴan sodium sun zama ions masu kyau tare da caji +1, siffofin oxygen sun kasance mummunan kuma suna da cajin -2, kuma carbon wanda ya ba da wutar lantarki guda hudu yana da cajin +4. Saboda haka, carbonate sodium, ko kuma wajen, kwayoyinsa, yana da polarity a wasu wurare.

Akwai kuma gishiri daban-daban: sodium hydrogencarbonate, wanda ke da kwayar halitta NaHCO3, wanda zai iya haifar da guba idan ya shiga jiki. Sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts tare da karin aiki fiye da sodium, karafa, a cikinsa sodium vosstanavlyavaetsya. Wannan gishiri zai iya amsawa tare da alkali na mafi ƙarfin aiki, kuma sodium za a rage. Idan, duk da haka, hydrolysis da gishiri, ya kamata a lura da cewa sodium hydroxide - mai karfi Alkali, kuma carbonic acid ne wajen raunana a cikin yanayi, don haka da farko ba da tushe da kuma a vitro zai alkaline yanayi, don gane cewa wanda zai iya amfani da phenol-phthalein (tabo bayani Salt a crimson launi).

Idan mukayi magana game da carbonate sodium, wanda kaddarorin sunadaran ba su bambanta da kayan sunadarai na bicarbonate, ana iya lura cewa idan an yi amfani da gashin ruwan da aka yi da wannan gishiri, to, "halin" zai kasance daidai da su. Bari muyi la'akari.

Fassara na melt na carbonium carbonate zai haifar da sakin carbonate da kuma nau'i na sodium biyu. Idan muka ci gaba da samar da wannan gishiri, zamu sami hoton nan: za a rage hydrogen a madadin, wani rukuni hydroxo a cathode, a karshen shi ya nuna cewa za a ci gaba da kasancewa da karamin carbonate da biyu na sodium.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu kuma ya kamata a lura da cewa sodium carbonate reacts da abubuwa irin su mai karfi acid, msl, nitric, hydrochloric ko sulfuric. An sauya, wato, gano carbonic acid, to, wanda aka bazu zuwa cikin ruwa da carbon dioxide, ko carbon dioxide, da kuma samu gishiri na acid, wanda aka kara wa sodium carbonate.

Kusan ana samun hoton nan idan ka ƙara mai narkewa (kuma babu wani, in ba haka ba batun ba zai tafi ba!) Salt of acid more acid, amma samfurori na dauki ya haifar da gas, sutura ko ruwa.