"Gneisenau '(jirgin ruwa na soja) halaye da kuma tsarin description

Shahararren Jamus Navy jirgin ruwa na soja "Gneisenau" da aka sa a cikin aiki a 1938 a kan Hauwa'u na yakin duniya na biyu. The zane na wannan jirgin ya zama daya daga cikin mafi m ga ajalinsa. A jirgin ruwa na soja ya bauta wa har sai 1943, lokacin da na gaba yaƙi da aka lalata. Ya aka aiko don gyara, amma a karshen yanke shawarar kiyaye. A shekarar 1945, jim kadan kafin shan kashi na Jamus, da jirgin ya sunk. A tarihin shi ya shahara ba kawai domin feats na makamai, amma kuma yi fice a wasan.

Tarihi na ginin

Jamus jirgin ruwa na soja "Gneisenau" - daya daga cikin shahararrun jiragen ruwa na yakin duniya na II. Its tarihi ya fara a shekara ta 1933, lokacin da na uku Reich yanke shawarar gina biyu jiragen ruwa na wani sabon nau'in "Scharnhorst". Aikin da aka aiwatar a total halin asiri. Hukumance, da jirgin ruwa na soja "Gneisenau" bayar ga wani jirgin ruwa na "Deutschland". Duk da haka, tsakanin jama'a almarar da wannan jirgin yana da wani gagarumin bambanci.

"Gneisenau" sãɓã wa jũna a babban taro na 19.000 ton, kuma iyãwarsa ya 161.000 horsepower. jirgin ruwa na soja ƙungiya kunshi 1669 sojoji. Domin duk da halaye, da jirgin da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin wani babban makamai - da Jamus sojojin ruwa lu'u-lu'u. Kuma shi ba abin mamaki bane, saboda jagorancin da uku Reich son fara ban mamaki da kuma tsada ayyukan, daya daga wanda, babu shakka, shi ne "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja da aka halitta a matsayin mayar da martani ga Royal Navy da kuma Faransa (musamman Faransa jirgin "Dunkerque" type). Its main bambanci daga wasu model ne alama karuwa a reservations da kuma makamai.

A 1935, da jirgin ko da ya sake jingina saboda zargin wani sabon, har ma fiye da tsoro cikin sharuddan zane, aikin. The jefa aka sanya Disamba 8, 1936-th. A wannan rana, daya daga cikin fashe m sarƙoƙi, saboda abin da jirgin da aka tarwatsa kuma gudu zuwa ga tudu. Masifa lalacewar juya tsananin.

bindigogi

The jirgin "Gneisenau" (jirgin ruwa na soja) ne mai suna bayan sanannen domin a lokacin yakin duniya na gashi jirgin ruwa na soja na ga rundujar soja masu dawaki na Admiral Spee. Alamar zaba ne da daidaituwa ba. "Gneisenau" shi ne na farko jirgin ruwa na soja na Jamus Navy, gina a cikin interwar lokaci. Shekaru wulãkanci, da kuma takunkumin da suka biyo da yarjejeniyar da Versailles ƙare. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa Jamus rundunar zauna numerically rauni, a cikin shekaru 30 da shi ya kamata ya yi, "Gneisenau" jirgin, tsara na musamman ga hare-hare. A cikin uku Reich a kan sabon jirgin ruwa jiran nasara, kamar irin waɗanda wanda sanannen eponymous gada.

A interwar lokaci, samar da 283-mm bindigogi fara a Jamus, samar da musamman domin da "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja samu gun, kama da kafa "Dunkirk". Bugu da ƙari, na tsaron gida da kuma m abubuwa na Jamus jirgin kawai gwada tare da wani ido a kan sa ran abun cece kuce Faransa tasoshin da irin wannan. 283-mm bindigogi outperform aiwatar da "Deutschland". Su kewayon wuta da kuma firepower domin ta zamo kasance babbar. Nasarar sabon makamai ba sa amincewa a Berlin.

Domin da wuta iko da jirgin "Gneisenau" samu wani sa na kida, ya riga ya tabbatar da a kan irin "Bismarck" battleships da kuma "hipper" irin Cruisers. Artogon kayyade daga posts located in turrets gudanarwa. Su kawota cikin nesa amfani da jami'an alhakin harbi, kuma Gunners. Pinnacle stabilized da wani gyroscope.

A post ya fi kayayyakin zamani na lokaci. Alal misali, a ballistic kwamfuta gyarawa gudun, qazanta, canje-canje a cikin nisa da manufa da kuma ko da la'akari da yanayin. Complex lissafin yi a tubalan da musamman kida. manyan bindigogi wuta kula da tsarin kayyade da uku hasumiyarki. A lokaci guda sun iya wuta a kan da dama hari (ko mayar da hankali a kan wanda kuma wannan).

harsasai

A cikin "Gneisenau" Jamus amfani da dama iri bawo. Da fari dai, makamai sokin. Su yi amfani da da kyau-kare hari. Suna da kasa fis da kuma kananan m cajin. Abu na biyu, shi ne polubroneboynye bawo. A cewar Birtaniya rarrabuwa, suna kuma sau da yawa ake kira "Common". Sun samu kadan mafi m, kuma da mafi fragmentation sakamako. Suna amfani da hari tare da ba ma lokacin farin ciki makamai.

A karshe, uku, "Gneisenau" sun high-m bawo. Suna da shugaban fis da kuma amfani da unarmored hari (hallaka, anti-jirgin sama bindigogi, searchlights, unprotected manpower da sauransu. D.). Wadannan dokoki na bawo da bai canja ba a cikin Jamus Navy a lokacin yaki. Polubroneboynye da kuma fashewar bawo da wani na farko gudu daga 900 mita da na biyu da kuma daban-daban ƙananan nauyi (tare da wasu ku auna nauyi a kan 100 kg). Su aka tuhuma da musamman na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa drive.

Da farko bawo ciyar da grippers da kuma dakatar da reluwe. Sa'an nan, da zobe nadi allunan da suke samu a cikin daga. Basic zargin bambanta tagulla hannayen riga. Ga harkokin sufuri na musamman trays aka bayar. Secondary bawo ciyar da hannu. Ammonium Vehicle kunshi 1800 zargin (1350 manyan da qananan 450).

bayyanar

Mai "Gneisenau" kamar wanda ya twin wa "Scharnhorst". Amma duk da haka wasu na waje da bambance-bambance tsakanin su kasance halarce. Daban-daban anka aka located, anti-jirgin sama inji bindigogi, kazalika da mainmast. Bayan yi na "Gneisenau" fentin a wani haske launin toka launi. The kawai m faci sun dasu ba na makamai wanda aka nuna a kan ko dai gefen na kara.

A watan Fabrairu 1940, a kan lamarin, an yanke shawarar saka da ja murabba'ai da baki Swastika. Wannan ya yi wajen gano daga cikin iska. Matsalar shi ne cewa Luftwaffe ya kasance daya daya kawai watan kuskure nutse biyu Jamus hallaka. A cikin fall na 1940, a lokacin da post-gyara gwaji a cikin Baltic Sea "Gneisenau" ya sake kamanni canza launi.

kawar da

A cikin shakka daga zane karatu, shi ya bayyana cewa designers ba zai iya saduwa da korar 26.000 tons. Da farko an zaci cewa zai bi da wadannan Figures, "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, duk da haka, zo more m cewa a shekarar 1936, a fili ya nuna nauyi iko. A masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa, busa ƙararrawa. Kwararru akwai fargabar cewa jirgin zai kasance kasa da ne barga, kuma ta seaworthiness ƙi. Bugu da kari, ya tilasta a yi don rage tsawo daga cikin freeboard. Design Wannan rawar daji ta quntata cikin kewayon kwanciyar hankali.

Matsalar ta ƙara kawar da samu a lokacin da shi ya riga ya yi latti domin ta canza manyan halaye na "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, wanda zane ya madogara na dukan aikin ceto ta kara da nisa daga cikin jiki. A sakamakon haka, da matsugunni ya karu zuwa 33 dubu tons.

ikon shuka

Mutane da yawa da rigingimu sun sa wani iko shuka constructors. Da shi shi ne mafi rigima kashi na dukan aikin "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, da halaye na wanda ya sãɓã, unprecedented farko Figures aka yi ta gwaji da kuma kuskure. Tare da duk da cewa babu wani daga waɗanda alhakin bai so kuma da sake zuwa rage gudu da gina jirgin ruwa.

A can farko na zane a matsayin mai iko shuka raka'a zaba turbozubchatye. Tare da su taimako, suka shirya su kashe biyu tsuntsaye da dutse daya: don tabbatar da babban gudun daga cikin jirgin ruwa da kuma gaggauta lokaci na ta bayarwa. Naúrar aiki a kan wani biyu. Na dizal da aka yi watsi, tun ga irin wannan babban jirgin da ya ba da engine na da irin wannan. Hatsari zabi da aka yi da Admiral Erich Raeder. Ya gane cewa jirgin dalnohodnost zai zama yawa ƙananan fiye da lokacin da yin amfani da dizal. Duk da haka, da Navy basu da lokaci zuwa jira ta ci gaba da kuma samar.

gidaje

Housing jirgin ruwa na soja da wani a tsaye zane. An yi karfe. An yanke shawarar yin amfani da haske gami - don haka gudanar don rage nauyi. Babban keel na jirgin ya watertight. A dukan jiki da aka raba 21 sashe. 7 na su tsunduma a ikon shuka.

Shi ne m cewa a cikin shiri na manyan jirgin baka waldi karo na farko a kowane mataki na samar aka yi amfani da daidai a cikin hali na "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, da watsuwar wanda zane ne mai ban mãmaki abin tunawa na zamanin, shi ne mafi kyau ba kawai a cikin halaye, amma kuma a cikin masana'antu dabara.

Welded karfe gidaje don maye gurbin gidaje. Tare da wannan sabon masana'antu dabara shi ne m. Its sakamakon da yawa shortcomings halayyar "yunkuri a rubuce." A cikin watan Yuni 1940 da "Gneisenau" samu tsanani lalacewa, wanda ya nuna cewa da yawa kwararru za su fasa kansa a kan yadda za a inganta da ingancin welds. Da suka sãɓã m zuwa bom da torpedo hits. Kuma, duk da haka, da yin amfani da waldi da tsanani ci gaba, kafa da shugabanci na ci gaba da dukan masana'antu.

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri fasali na jirgin ruwa na soja hulls sun hanci Frames, siffofi da wani kananan auka. A lokaci guda zauna gargajiya anka. Suna located in Clusaz - daya a kan gefen dama na jirgin ruwa gefe, biyu kuma a hagu. Idan aka kwatanta da kasashen waje model, freeboard ya kananan, amma a cikin shakka daga ƙarshe kuma redrawing na aikin shi ya zama ko da karami. Wani lokaci da zane alama ya kai ga cewa tekuna aka kafa iko SPRAY, saboda wanda ya na musamman aiki da jirgin ruwa daga conning hasumiya.

A hanci da kuma wani ɓangare na jirgin

Shahararren jirgin ruwa na soja "Gneisenau", wani photo na abin da ya bayyana daidai sau da yawa a cikin rahotanni na maƙiyi hankali da kuma Jamus jaridu, ya halartar da dama da gyare-gyare ga ta "fuska" - da baka. Bayan da yaƙi da "Rawalpindi" an cire a wani jirgin anga. Tsayawarta na'urar shigar a saman da kara.

wani faru a cikin sabis ya yi gyara a yi da "Gneisenau" a watan Disamba 1940. Jirgin ruwa na soja, wanda babban Kharkteristika taimake shi a yaƙi, zama m lokacin hadiri. A watan Disamba, 1940, wani hadari a Arewa Sea sa tsananin lalacewar da jirgin. Bayan da cewa, "Gneisenau" episode aka karfafa foredeck da breakwaters. Characteristically, da sababbin abubuwa bayyana a lokacin aiki nan da nan bayan na gaba matsaloli tashi. Wani zane bayani zai ba gaba daya warware matsalar na "sputum" cikas, duk da haka, rage da ikon yinsa, don wani m iyaka.

Akwai wani sananne aibi, wanda rinjayar da battleships "Scharnhorst", "Gneisenau". Wadannan biyu jiragen ruwa da irin sãɓã wa jũna m seaworthy. The bayani zai iya zama wani karuwa a tsawo daga cikin dutsen ado. Duk da haka, irin wannan canji zai halitta kai zuwa wani karuwa a cikin nauyi na makamai, wanda shi ma impractical. Jamusawa a ko'ina cikin aiki na biyu jirgin ruwa na wannan wannan rudanin - sai suka yi hadaya seaworthiness.

makamai

By al'ada, dukan manyan Jamus warships mallaki nauyi makamai. Na yi ba togiya da kuma "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, da watsuwar wanda shi ne wani misali da wani da-kare jirgin ruwa, da aka rarraba a hanya ta musamman da a tsaye da kuma a kwance makamai. Suka kuwa taimaki juna don kare jirgin ruwa na soja daga lalacewar m sassa na jiki. Idan harbi hits jirgin, shi ake bukata don ya tarye waye, bronepalubu.

Mutane da yawa daga cikin mafita amfani a cikin aikin, an yi kokari da farko. Wannan yanayin sake jaddada yadda m da kuma musamman shi ne "Gneisenau" (jirgin ruwa na soja). A yakin duniya na farko ya ba da Jamus zanen kaya mai dũkiya da kwarewa. Hana aikin a cikin shekaru na Weimar Jamhuriyar, tare da sabunta kuzari, suka ɗauki aikin a yi da rundunar ta Uku Reich.

kwanciyar hankali

A qa'ida ta rabuwa da ya shiga jirgi zuwa compartments kafa kansa a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Ya kuma an yi amfani da zane na "Gneisenau". Jirgin ruwa na soja, jirgin ruwa na soja da kuma wani jirgin da wasu darajar kawai har da lokacin da sinking. Saboda haka, matsalar da kwanciyar hankali da kuma kiyaye jirgin da ninkaya ne ko da yaushe a tsaye a gaban Jamus masana a kan daya daga cikin wurare na farko.

Construction "Gneisenau" da aka tsara don haka da cewa ambaliya na biyu m compartments iya jawo ambaliya na cikin bene. Authors na aikin sun aiwatar da dama da muhimmanci da kuma m ra'ayoyin. Saboda haka, duk compartments, baya daga cikin kunkuntar da kuma located a tip, suka rabu da dama watertight sarari.

Idan aka kwatanta da da magabata, da kuma "Scharnhorst" da "Gneisenau" siffofi da wani yawa ya fi girma yawan mai gangara kuma a tsaye bulkheads. Sun fara yin amfani da wani Dreadnought. Shi ne da godiya ga wadannan sassa ko a cikin toughest fadace-fadace gudanar ya ci gaba da watertight cellars da engine- da tukunyar jirgi da dakuna. Saboda haka, muhimmanci rage hadarin m heeling.