Wannan jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani a adabi? Mene ne na musamman game da kowane? Zamani da kuma hakikanci

Zamani a matsayin falsafa motsi da cewa fito a cikin marigayi karni na sha tara, a adabi da wasannin fasaha, za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Ko a cikin zamani suka yi yawa raka'a da suke da muhimmanci daban-daban daga juna. Wannan jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani? Hakika, karkara daga duk wani irin gaskiya. Duk wani daga cikin iri na zamani a cikin balagaggu kamar yadda ya ganiya na dogon lokaci mamaye a duk cikin zane-zane da labarun almara.

zamani

A lokaci zamani aka ɗauke ta daga Latin modernus, wanda yake nufin - wani zamani, kwanan nan. Rarrabe a kalla uku fassarori daga cikin tushe na wannan yunkuri. Amma a duk lokuta shi yana nufin hutu da baya tarihi kwarewa dukkan m kerawa, da sha'awar kafa maras al'ada dokokin art. A farko fassarar (da ya fi na kowa): zamani a art sa da yawa mara kyau kwatance: futurism, symbolism, expressionism, Acmeism, imagism, cubism, abstractionism, surrealism, impressionism.

A karo na biyu idan ajalin da aka yi amfani da su nufi da shugabanci na mara kyau ado search na artist. The uku fassarar - mafi wuya, lokacin da na ado da kuma akida mamaki ba za a iya dauke a cikin fairly m ikon yinsa, daga zamani amma hakikanci har yanzu tsayayya. Wannan, misali, aikin irin wannan "manyan-format" marubuta kamar Joyce, Kafka, Proust, da kuma wasu wasu, wanda a fili ya nuna wa mai karatu cewa ya zo da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani.

adabi

Tun farkon karni na ashirin da saukar musamman muhimmanci da kuma Tsayayyar shugabanci na Rasha zamani. A zamanin da ci gaba da ta da tasiri a adabi, mamaye Acmeism, symbolism da futurism, da kuma zanen, wanda kuma ya na canjawa zo da sauri da kuma tsanani. Marubuta da kuma kasida wanda ya yi aiki a cikin al'ada na zamani, sau da yawa wa'azi da ra'ayin lalacewar, tare da alamomin na mummunan zato da kuma lalata, wanda ya kawo tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani a wallafe-wallafe. Duk da haka, m kasida da marubuta touch of symbolism taimaka wajen haifar da ayyukan high farar hula sito: M, Block, Bruce, White, Mayakovsky, misali.

zanen

The artist zama wani fifiko a cikin wannan symbolism, constructivism, da su bayyana technicality, kwane-kwane, daidai halitta na cikin shirin, ba tare da blurring dimbin yawa kowane allegories. Images zama lebur, tare da m Lines, ornamentation kuma sau da yawa monotonous bango. Na fure motifs, intricately intertwining, karfe jũna a gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu, a cikin siffar dabbobi da mutane. A symbolism na zamani artists Drew wahayi daga romantic images. Saboda haka, yana da sau da yawa wani roko ya almarar, Sufi, ruhaniya, kamar yadda wani Misalin, wasa a kan hanyar da haruffa tunani da kuma juyayinsu - wannan shi ne abin da ya zo da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani. Fine artists Munch da Gauguin zama mafi fice wakilan na symbolism a cikin zanen.

Fauvism

Wakilai daga Fauvism (fauve daga Faransa - daji) da kuma raha da kuma tsanani kira savages daga waɗanda mara kyau ne mai haske, m yanayin launi spots, launuka da ya bambanta indescribable daukaka siffofin. Daya daga cikin mafi rarrabe artists waɗanda suke sun sallamã shi, ya Matisse. Lokacin da ya expostulated misali, cewa hanci ne wanda aka nuna da mace sai ya juya kore, ya amsa da cewa babu mata ya paints, da kuma zanen.

Wani tunanin ƙarfi, spontaneity da kuma aiwatar da launuka - wancan ne abin da ya bambanta da ba daga Fauves, ka ce, post-impressionists kamar Gauguin ko Van Gogh, duk da cewa su zama inspirers na sabon Trend. da na jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani? Amsar zai yi kama da wannan. Da yawa mafi girma sharpness da kuma tsabta launi makirci, bambanci, na gida da kuma waje launi, na gani kari, hakan na sarari, hadawa ta samar da contours, babu tallan kayan kawa na haske da kuma inuwa, babu mikakke hangen zaman gaba.

futurism

Futurism (daga Latin futurum - nan gaba) a Rasha adabi haifar da 'yan baiwa, amma a Rasha zanen shi a cikin tsarki tsari ba kafa, a kwatanta da Turai. Wannan jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani, shi ne gaskiya cewa daya haka daga wasu hankali, sa'an nan gudana a cikin na uku, wasu halayyar fasali na shigo da tsohon, amma wasu buying a cikin sabon.

Futurism da Fauvism bayyana saboda da wanzuwar. Tare da futurism Trend bayyana saki artist a cikin aikinsa bayan art: da al'adu na gargajiya, da cewa shi ne hakikanci kauda gabatarwar sabon sciences, technicism da urbanism. Karantawa masana'antu zamanin, da manyan birane da su tsauri, m qagaggun da magabaci na ci gaba a kan ainihin mutum.

Zamani da kuma hakikanci

Zamani ne shubuha. Hakikanci - a kan m, sosai kankare, m to duk, saboda shi ne kusan a kai tsaye gani na rayuwa - wanda shi ne, ko da cewa ya zama ra'ayi na marubucin na aiki. Zamani ga talakawa ba ma bayyananniya. Shĩ ne da nisa sosai daga duk wani semblance rayuwa, kuma tsarki ya tabbata. Wannan feverish search for rayuwa inda ba zai zama.

Kuma, Oddly isa, da yawa modernists sun samu idan ba rayuwa da kanta, sa'an nan wasu m gani na da shi a cikin wani unknown layi daya gaskiya. Zamani ( "mara a fuskar jama'a dandano") da aka gani a matsayin juyin juya hali, domin "da jirgin na wayewar" kika aika da tsofaffin al'adun da kullum yarda canons. Duk da haka, shi ne zamani haifar da irin wannan girma artists kamar yadda Vrubel, Matisse, Mucha, Rousseau, Modigliani, Klimt.

lalacewar

Yana da wuya a amsa tambaya cewa kawo tare da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani da kuma labarun almara. Duk da haka, batu na lamba tare da su. A mafi ri - wani sabon abu na lalacewar, wanda kẽwaye da dama m shugabanci. Wane ne decadent? Lalacewar (daga Faransa décadent - ƙi) - a rayuwa ba tare da wani jama'a akida, ba tare da bangaskiya a cikin wani m farko, a qara a cikin wani zalla abinda ya shafi kwarewa.

Irin wannan shi ne zaman matsayi na wani fairly babban ɓangare na kawo dukkan, wanda ya tafi daga wani m rayuwa complexities mafarki, ba na gaskiya ba, ko da Sufi. Alal misali, a cikin ayyukan nuna decadent rikicin na jama'a rayuwa a cikin wadannan shekaru. Modernist trends, ba tare da togiya, ko ta wani hanya adult a kan wannan damuwa filin daga lalacewar, da na jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani. A cikin wallafe-wallafe, ya sanar da kansa a gaban yakin duniya na farko, da kuma kai da ganiya a twenties. Wannan sabon abu ne na kasa da kasa, a lokaci guda ya lura a kusan kowace nahiyar.

Zamani - juyin juya hali?

A juyin juya halin a adabi da aka as makawa kamar cikin jama'a, tun balaga sosai tsanani dalilan da ya faru. Wani batun da cewa lalacewar juyin juya halin da aka ba da nasara a Rasha. Duk da haka, tare da decadent juyin juya halin Native yawa. Da farko, da hutu da al'adar "plausible" hakikanci, tare da dukan Yammacin al'adun a general.

Tun da wani shugabanci na tsohon sau daya ko ta wata dangantaka da na gargajiya hadisin: muna iya tuna cewa, classicists "yi addu'a" to tsufa, romance bauta tsakiyar zamanai, amma dukkan su har da zuwan zamani za a iya dauke da wani classic, saboda zamani wani daya shugabanci ba son shi ne ke da alhakin duk madawwami tambayoyi da amsoshi zai zama matuƙa, daban-daban daga baya su. Modernists ji wani ci daga dukan siffofin idon basira art, ado jin gajiya.

rai-bincike

Abin da ya zo da modernist motsi, irin hali ne hakikanci, wanda, a cikin ra'ayi, ba fahimta duniya kadai, yin wani kokarin da shi, amma saboda da aikin da realists mechanistic da kuma sama-sama ne, da suka gundura sha'awar kawai mashiga a kan gashi na hali a maimakon ta ciki jihar hankali. Hakika, wannan ra'ayi ne karin gishiri, da kuma hakikanci ne mai girma, kuma ya taba riko da immensity na duniya, don zama, a karshe, m. Duk da haka, a cikin ra'ayi na hatsi correctness modernists da: aikinsu ga mafi part nuna hangen nesan na magana, da m halittu, sun halitta ne na musamman, babu wani look-m.

A farkon rabin karni na ashirin da - a wuya lokacin da aminci ga al'ada dabi'u: bil'adama al'ada rushe, da kasashen yammacin mulkin demokra] iyya da kuma totalitarian jihohi a hanyoyi daban-daban ya fahimci ko da kalmar " 'yanci" a yakin duniya na farko akwai wani makami na dangi, mutum rai ne devalued ga yi na maida hankali sansanonin da kuma kisan kare-dangi . Zamani ya haifar a sakamakon da dehumanization na zamanin. Kuma wannan shi ne ma cikin bayani da cewa kawo tare da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani cewa bambanta zamani hakikanci, da kuma cewa shi ne kamfanin da'awa a iyakancen lokaci lokaci.

Zamani da kuma adabi - bude

Dalilin da zanga-zanga modernists sun m siffofin da ra'ayoyi, da suka bukata sabon hanyoyi da sabon hanyar misali na gaskiya. Dole na yi duba ga ra'ayoyi da kuma siffofin 'yan asalin adabi ta karshe. A wannan hanya ba zai iya yi ba tare da cika fuska impacting duk m ci gaban wallafe-wallafe binciken.

Saboda haka akwai ciki monologue, a meta-harshe, rafi na sani, symbolism, m ƙungiya, polyphony ka'idar, labari-yin, duniya m dabara da kuma sauran ado ra'ayi, adabi da aka wadãtar ta hanyar gano ba a sani ba, da ba na gaskiya ba.

Tare da zamani a wallafe-wallafen akwai hankali ga daki-daki, daga can ciki duniya da mutum, shelar muhimmi darajar art da mutum, shi ne fĩfĩta m diraya, adabi da aka fahimta a matsayin mafi girma ilimi, da ikon shiga cikin mafi m sasanninta na duniya da kuma zuwa spiritualize duniya cewa kawo tare da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani. Mene ne na musamman game da kowane - m akayi daban-daban.

azurfa shekaru

A zamanin da cikakken bincike, da mãkirci kuma saba wa juna, adabi da aka tsara don yin tunãni dukan halaye na lokacinsa, sami babu sauran hanyar amma ga zamani tare da bambancin igiyoyin. Poetics, da na jan tare daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani, adabi (11th sa) nazari yadda Azurfa Age. Wannan shi ne guda kashi na] aukacin m al'adu na kasar mu hade tare da acmeism, symbolism da futurism - latest zamani yayi.

New wannan wallafe-wallafen sabon abu - nuna da pathos na karshen Millennium, wato, da dakushe mummunan zato, azãba da foreboding da mutuwa talikai. Rashin bege, passivity lalacewar, kãfircinsa na jama'a, ta so su tsira a cikin wata duniyar nasu irin abubuwan da - da irin wannan farkawa ne halin da cewa haɗa kan bangaskiya cikin daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani. Kamar yadda Balmont rubuta cewa ya ƙi bil'adama cewa a cikin sauri ya tsere daga gare shi, cewa ya kasance kawai kasar - mallaki kufai rai.

avant-garde

Avant-garde - da motsi na sahun gaba artists na farko da rabi na karni na ashirin, wanda aka halin da sha'awar sabunta dukan m yi a cikin toho, ya karya duk da kafa hadisai da kuma ka'idojin ne a sami wani sabon abu da abun ciki, sabuwar hanyar magana, baya ba a sani ba siffofin aiki. Ko da dangantaka tsakanin artist ta rayuwa daina zama kama na baya kwarewa. All zaman antagonisms zamanin refracted a cikin saba wa juna na avant-garde, shi da aka mamaye yanke ƙauna kuma rikice a fuskar jama'a da wata azãba duniya domin.

Kandinsky da Malevich

Fauvism, futurism, cubism, expressionism, m art, Dadaism - da yara na avant-garde, da kuma sosai zamani ne sau da yawa ake kira da kalmar. Ba haka da nisa daga gaskiya - shi ne kusan synonymous. Kawai ajalin kanta ya bayyana godiya ga wani rukuni na Faransa artists anda suka shirya nuni a 1905.

Daya daga cikin haske wakilan zamani a Rasha ya Kandinsky, wanda ya tsaya a asalin m art. Shimfidar fentin manyan aibobi da duhu contours - halayyar alama na rubuce-rubucensa. Abin da unites da kuma kawo tare da daban-daban igiyoyin na zamani, Kandinsky ya furta cewa: fragmentation, flatness, na ado.

The artist so free jirgin a cikin magana da ji, amma abin da aka makala to tsoma baki tare da objectivity. Kuma ya samu wadannan musamman rhythmic Figures canza launin Lines cewa a fili kai motsin zuciyarmu da kuma haifar da wani yanayi.

A experimenter daga zanen Kazimir Malevich bayar da shawarar da wani abu kamar cubist cylinders da Cones, wanda aka tsara daga cikin hoton, ta yaya futurist da pointlessness. "Black Square" - a manifesto da wannan irin wadanda ba haƙiƙa art.