Slutsk bel - a kasa taskar Belarus. Museum of Slutsk belts

Slutsk bel (hagu) - a kasa taska Belarusians, tarihi alama ce da iri na kasar, kazalika da wani misali na aiyuka art na XVIII karni. Duk da haka, a yau Belarus su akwai 'yan kaxan.

Alal misali, shekaru da dama a Minsk, da National Art Museum nuna bel na Rasha, Ukraine da kuma Lithuania. Saboda haka, bari mu tuna da yadda wannan art aka halitta da kuma abin da aka jiran rabo.

kuskure masana kimiyya

A tarihin Slutsk belts yana ta asalin a cikin XVI karni, a cikin Commonwealth. A da sai malamai suka zama dalilin da suka bayyanar. Masana tarihi sun nuna cewa gentry aji aka samu daga zamanin d steppe mutane, wanda aka sani a cikin tarihin da Romawa da Girkawa - da Sarmatians. Wannan wannan zato ne impetus ga ci gaban da XVII karni wani sabon akidar - Sarmatian. Aristocrats son wannan sanarwa, kuma suka shiga sunã la'akari da kansu zuriyar steppe mutane, kuma da na kowa mutane - zo daga Slavs da Balts.

Tun da Sarmatians su ne mutane daga Gabas, shi ne sosai mashahuri a cikin gentry fara amfani da siliki ɗamararku, wanda aka shigo da daga Farisa da kuma Turkey, a cikin XVIII karni. Irin wannan sau suna dauke da wani alama ta dũkiya da kuma ikon da mai shi, kazalika da wani muhimmin bangaren da ake kira "Sarmatian" kara. Saboda haka, shi yana yaudarar masana tarihi sa da zargin da sabon abu na Slutsk belts.

Fara na samarwa

A cikin XVIII karni a cikin nobility na Rzeczpospolita zambar game da 15% na al'ummar jihar. Saboda haka, bukatar Turkish siliki bel ya manyan isa. Kuma, kamar yadda suka faɗa, bukatar halitta wadata.

Sai hetman na Grand Duchy na Lithuania Mikhail Kazimir Radziwill qaddamar da ra'ayin samar da yadudduka ga Turkish samfurin a cikin Belarushiyanci asashe. A 1757, ya bayar da umarnin daga Turkey da aka asirce dauka loom. Duk da haka, shi ne kawai rabin yaƙi. Har yanzu ake bukata a master wanda ya san yadda za a magance fasaha da kuma san Turkish kwastan. Kuma wannan da aka samu. Hovhannes Madzharyants - master of Istanbul, wanda sa'an nan ya zauna a Stanislav. A mutane kira shi Ian Madzharskim. Saboda haka a cikin Commonwealth sun fara Slutsk belts. Factory (yi) asali located in Nesvizh, amma daga baya (a 1762) shi an koma Slutsk. Akwai ta yi aiki ga sauran lokaci. Saboda haka, daidai samfurin sunan.

A saman da fasaha

Da farko Slutsk manufactory yi aiki ne kawai master of Istanbul. Amma daga baya ƙware da fasaha da kuma gida masaƙa da kuma Gabas ado da alamu a kan belts aka maye gurbinsu da na gida motifs.

Shekara ashirin da biyar (tun 1781) da dan haya factory ya Leon Madzharsky - dan da Baturke Masters, wanda ya fara samar a Belarus. Domin ci gaba da mahaifinsa kasuwanci, kazalika da high nasara da kuma nasarori a wannan filin, ya aka bayar da jihar kyautar, samu da lakabi na shirayin, da gentry title.

Fasaha na gida masaƙa girma da leaps da haddi. Saboda haka, matakin qarshe na samarwa ya zama biyu-hanyar chetyrehlitsevoy Slutsk belts. Irin wannan abu ya kasance sosai m: shi sa on hutu da makoki. A cewar Turkiyya al'ada, kawai maza iya zama Masters. A cewar Legends, idan wata mace ta hannun shãfe da zinariya ko azurfa zaren, suna dimmed. Saboda haka, mata da aka ba a yarda ko kusa da loom. Don Master da dabara na samarwa, da mutane sun kasance shekaru bakwai na horo. Kuma wannan duk da cewa su harka shi ne kawai saƙa. All alamu da ado ƙirƙira mutum artists.

koyi

A bel ya zama wani muhimmin abu a cikin tufafi na wani kai mutunta bafadan. Slutskaya kayayyakin manufactory dadin gagarumin nasara da da ewa ba hambarar daga kasuwar su gabashin kishiyoyinsu. da riba daga cikin sha'anin sa kasashe makwabta don maimaita wannan nasara.

Saboda haka, Rzeczpospolita King Stanislaw Agusta Poniatowski yanke shawarar bude wani sakar niƙa a birnin Grodno. Kuma na tambayi Radzivilov sana'a wanda zai kafa samar. Duk da haka, ya aka hana. Amma duk da wannan, ma'aikata bude a Grodno. Slutsk belts fara ƙirƙira ko'ina: daga Warsaw da kuma kawo karshen tare da Faransa birnin Lyon.

Don yãƙi m kaya a kan Radzivilov factory fara Label su kayayyakin. Saboda haka, duk bel da aka kafa Slutskj tag-lakabin cewa, ya nuna wurin da samar: «Ni fecit Sluciae» ko «Sluck». Lokacin da Belarushiyanci ƙasashe kasance wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire - "Bb birnin Slutsk".

faɗuwar rana factory

Amma kuma ga yi Slutskaya fadi a kan bad sau. The uku sashe na Commonwealth a 1795 shi ne farkon mãsu babban rabo Maris na Faransa fashion. Cikin kewayon Slutsk belts cin zarafi ba rage. A farko da suka kasance sunã kawai boye tafi a cikin kwalaye, sa'an nan gaba daya ya fara taimakawa da coci da kuma Ikklisiyoyi. Wasu da aka ƙone su sami daraja karafa. Daya daga Slutsk belts dauke da har zuwa ɗaya da ɗari grams na azurfa da zinariya.

1831 ya da wani sauyi a tarihin manufactory. Bayan tawaye, da Rasha hukumomi sun gaba daya dakatar da saka kayayyaki gentry, ya kuma inganta da bel. A 1848, da factory rufe a Slutsk.

Kudi da naúrar

Belarushiyanci tarihi Adam Maldis kiyasta cewa a lokacin ta zama Slutskaya factory samar game da 5000 zones. Kowace daga cikinsu musamman. Bayan ƙarshen XIX karni bel rasa ta m aikace-aikace, suna da m darajar. Kuma gidajen tarihi, da kuma masu zaman kansu haraji fara tattara su. Alal misali, sanannen da kuma nasara Rasha m Schukin kusan biyu da suka gabata nemi su kuma sayi a Vilna da Warsaw Antiquaries. Da tarin ya gãdar da jihar Historical Museum. Kuma, bisa ga masana, shi ya kunshi 60, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa da 80 duka zone.

Akwai tarihi shaida cewa a 1939 Nesvizh Castle Radzivilov kiyaye bel 32, wanda 16 sun Slutskaya. The tarin aka canjawa wuri zuwa jihar Art Gallery na BSSR. Duk da haka, a lokacin da Jamus zama, ta ya bace.

Don kwanan wata, kawai 11 ya zauna a cikin zones a duk faɗin ƙasar, wadda 5 - Slutsk, da sauransu - kofe sanya kasashen waje. A general, ainihin yawan wadannan ayyukan art a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania da kuma sauran kasashe, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

Yau, a Slutsk

Tun shekara ta 2012 a Belarus a madadin shugaban kasar na gwamnatin shirin, wanda manufa shi ne a kan rayar da hadisai da kuma dabaru na samar da Slutsk belts.

A shafin na haihuwa manufactory located yadi Rue "Slutsk belts". Wannan kamfanin da aka kafa a 1930 a matsayin m, ha embroiderers, masaƙa, aiki a gargajiya cinikai kuma mallaki dacewa basira da ihisani akan. A shekarar 2011, kamfanin bikin ta 75th ranar tunawa. Babban kayayyakin kerarre a factory - wannan bedspreads, tawul din, napkins, tsana da tsarabobi. Duk abin da aka yi da hannu a kan musamman looms - "Krosno".

Tun shekarar 2012 Slutsk fara samar da kofe na Slutsk ɗamararku, kazalika da daban-daban tsarabobi da su da muradi (na'urorin haɗi na littattafai, keys, phones, art bangarori, da sauransu. D.). Shekaru karatu asirin masaƙa kuma m fasali na Masterpieces na XVIII karni ba a banza - kamfanin ya sake ƙirƙirarsu da dogon-manta musamman fasahar. Saboda haka, da farko na Slutsk belts (photo) - cikakken kwafi na tarihi fitacciyar - aka gabatar da shugaban kasar na Jamhuriyar Belarus. Yau ya adorns da Independence Palace.

Products "Slutsk belts" ne Popular a yau. Ga za ka iya saya kyau tablecloths, Belarushiyanci tawul din, napkins da kuma more. Kuma ba haka ba ne kawai abubuwa, amma real aiki na gwaninta.

Museum of Slutsk belts

Kamfanin da ma'aikata na musamman da gidan kayan gargajiya. Akwai za ka iya ganin ga kofe da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa na Masterpieces, ta zamani, versions, da kuma ganin yadda aka halitta su.

Museum of History of Slutsk belts hada da dama da dakuna. A farko zone - "ƙasansu akwai waɗansu inuwõwi na tarihi." Nan za ka iya ganin yadda za a canja bayyanar da Slutsk belts a daban-daban sau, a daban-daban al'ummai.

Zone "Slutsk bel" alfahari asali ayyukan art na XVIII karni, kuma ta kofe da, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Kuma a sashen na "yi" Akwai daga jihar na samar da XVIII karni.

Hall "Palace gutsure Radzivilov" - An sake ƙirƙirarsu yanki Nesvizh Castle na lokaci. Bayan Radziwill akwai wakilai na daya daga cikin arziki, mafi m, da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian daraja haihuwa. Su castle aka luxuriously tattali da tattalinsu, ado da zane-zane ta hanyar sanannen artists, kuma an rufe shi da Persian rugs. A bambanci ga daraja ɗakuna a "Mutane na Zone" ka kuma iya ganin yadda aka da rayuwar talakawa mutane.

A gidan kayan gargajiya ne na musamman inji, tsara da Jamusanci m Mageba, musamman ga maimaitawa Slutsk belts. An sarrafawa da biyu kwakwalwa, ƙunshi 6 shuttles da 1,200 zaren. Analogues na wannan na'ura a duniya akwai.

batun farashin

Yau a kan musamman kayan aiki sake ƙirƙirarsu Slutsk belts. Nawa ne wannan Masterpieces? A cewar wani abu artist masana'antu, kofe na Slutsk belts za kudin abokan ciniki tsakanin 10 da 50 da miliyan rubles. Yana daga 1000 zuwa 5000 dalar Amurka.

Ba cheap, sai su yi magana. Inda ya aikata wannan kudin? Ko a yau, tare da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, yana da babban aiki. Halittar wani sashi daukan game da 60 hours! A tsari yana amfani da bakin ciki sosai zaren siliki, dauke da zinariya da azurfa. Kuma idan ka ƙara gudun samar, da suka iya karya. A karshe farashin da aka hada, dangane da tsawon da bel, kazalika da adadin daraja karafa amfani domin ta dinki.