Formula matsa lamba iska, tururi, ruwa ko m. Yadda za a sami matsa lamba (dabara)?

Matsa lamba - shi ne wani jiki yawa cewa taka musamman a yanayin da rayuwar dan Adam. Wannan m ido sabon abu rinjayar ba kawai yanayi, amma kuma sosai ji da duk. Bari mu ga abin da shi ne, abin da iri shi wanzu da kuma yadda za a samu matsin lamba (dabara) a daban-daban yanayin.

Abin da ake kira da matsa lamba a kimiyyar lissafi da kuma sunadarai

Wannan lokaci da aka kira wani muhimmin thermodynamic yawa wanda aka bayyana a cikin rabo bayar da matsa lamba karfi perpendicular zuwa surface yankin a kan wanda shi abubuwa. Wannan sabon abu ne mai zaman kanta da size da tsarin a wanda shi aiki, duk da haka shi yana nufin tsanani.

A wani Jihar ma'auni, a Pascal ta Shari'a, da matsa lamba ne guda ga duk wuraren da tsarin.

A nuni kimiyyar lissafi da kuma sunadarai da aka nuna ta harafin "P," wanda shi ne wani raguwa da Latin sunan lokaci - pressūra.

Idan shi ne wani ruwa osmotic matsa lamba (ma'auni tsakanin matsa lamba a ciki da wajen Kwayoyin) ta yin amfani da harafin "P".

matsa lamba raka'a

Bisa ga matsayin na kasa da kasa SI tsarin, dauke wani jiki sabon abu ne auna a Pascals (QFontDatabase - Pa, a Latin - Ra).

Bisa matsin da dabara an samu cewa shi ne daidai wa juna H Pa (Newton - naúrar na karfi) raba da murabba'in mita (ji naúrar yankin).

Duk da haka, a yi amfani da Pascali ne quite wuya, domin da wannan na'ura ne kadan. A wannan batun, ban da SI tsarin na matsayin, wannan darajar za a iya auna a wani daban-daban hanya.

Kasa ne ya fi shahara na ta analogs. Mafi yawansu suna amfani da ko'ina a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet.

• Bars. Daya mashaya ne, sunã daidaita da 105 Pa.
• Torre, ko millimeters na Mercury. Aƙalla daya Ki yayi dace da 133, 3.223.684 Pa.
• Millimeters na ruwa shafi.
• Mita ruwa shafi.
• Fasaha yanayi.
• Jiki yanayi. Daya mashaya daidai 101.325 Pa da 1,033233 ATM.
• Kilogram-karfi da square santimita. Har ila yau, alama ton-karfi da kuma GF. Bugu da kari, akwai wani analog kore-karfi da square inch.

A total matsa lamba dabara (7th sa kimiyyar lissafi)

Daga cikin definition daga cikin jiki yawa iya ƙayyade wurinta Hanyar. Ga alama haka, kamar yadda a cikin hoto a kasa.

Yana F - ne da karfi da kuma S - yanki. A wasu kalmomin, da matsa lamba na gano dabara - ne ta karfi raba da surface yankin a kan wanda shi abubuwa.

Yana kuma iya a rubuta kamar: F = MG / S ko P = pVg / S. Saboda haka, wannan shi ne wani jiki yawa hade da sauran thermodynamic canji: ƙarar da salla.

Matsa lamba ayyukan wadannan ka'ida: da karami da sarari, wanda aka shafi karfi - da mafi azzaluman karfi shi lissafinsu. Idan yanki ne ta ƙara (ga wannan iko) - da ake so darajar rage-rage.

Formula hydrostatic matsa lamba

Daban-daban tara jihohin abubuwa, samar da cewa suna da jinsin Properties. Haka kuma, da hanyoyin kayyade R a gare su, kuma, zai zama daban-daban.

Alal misali, da dabara na ruwa matsa lamba (hydrostatic) kama da wannan: P = pgh. shi kuma ya shafi gas. Kamar haka ba za a iya amfani da yin lissafi da yanayi matsa lamba saboda da tsawo bambancin da iska yawa.

A wannan dabara, p - da yawa, g - free fall hanzari, da kuma h - tsawo. Haka kuma, da zurfi nutsa batu ko abu, da hakan da matsa lamba exerted a kan shi a cikin ruwa (gas).

An sano embodiment ne karbuwa daga cikin gargajiya misali na P = F / S.

Idan muka tuna cewa wanda aka samu da karfi ne daidai da taro na free fall gudun (F = MG), da kuma cikin ruwa taro - wani wanda aka samu da girma yawa (m = PV), da matsa lamba na dabara za a iya rubuta kamar P = pVg / S. The girma - shi ne square yawaita da tsawo (V = Sh).

Idan ka saka data, shi dai itace cewa da wuri a cikin numerator da hada za a iya rage da kuma fitarwa - sama dabara: P = pgh.

Idan akai la'akari da matsa lamba a taya, yana da daraja tuna cewa, sabanin daskararru, su sau da yawa yiwu curvature daga cikin farfajiya Layer. Wannan, bi da bi, na inganta da samuwar ƙarin matsin lamba.

Domin wadannan yanayi nema wasu matsa lamba sauran dabara: P = P ₀ + 2QH. A wannan yanayin, P ₀ - matsin lamba ne ba mai lankwasa Layer kuma Q - surface tashin hankali na cikin ruwa. N - shi ne da nufin surface curvature, wanda aka bayyana da Laplace Dokar: n = ½ (1 / R ₁ + 1 / R _2). Bijiro da batun kafa R ₁ da R ₂ - shi ne babban radii na curvature.

The m matsa lamba da kuma ta dabara ne

Ko da yake aiwatar da P = pgh zartar biyu taya da gas, da matsa lamba a karshen ne mafi alhẽri yin lissafi da dama daban-daban hanya.

Gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba sau da yawa sosai sami cikakken tsarki abubuwa, domin shi ne mamaye a cakuda. Kuma wannan ya shafi ba kawai taya amma kuma gas. Kuma kamar yadda aka sani, kowane daga wadannan aka gyara aikin daban-daban matsin lamba, da ake kira m.

Ayyana shi quite kawai. Shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari da matsa lamba na kowane bangaren na cakuda (manufa gas).

Wannan ya nuna cewa da m matsa lamba na dabara ne kamar haka: P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P _3, ... da sauransu, bisa ga yawan aka gyara.

Akwai lokuta idan ya zama dole domin sanin ko iska matsa lamba. Duk da haka, wasu kuskure ne da za'ayi ta kirga kawai tare da oxygen bisa ga makirci P = pgh. Wannan kawai iska - a cakuda daban-daban gas. Yana ci karo da nitrogen, argon, oxygen da kuma sauran abubuwa. Ganin halin yanzu halin da ake ciki, da iska matsa lamba dabara - shi ne Naira Miliyan Xari da matsin lamba na dukan da aka gyara. Saboda haka, ya kamata sama dauki P = P ₁ + P ₂ + P ₃ ...

Mafi na kowa kida domin aunawa matsa lamba

Duk da cewa da dauke lissafi da thermodynamic yawa a cikin sama dabara ne, ba wuya a gudanar da wani lissafi wani lokacin kawai ba su da lokaci. Bayan duk, ya kamata ka ko da yaushe la'akari da yawa nuances. Saboda haka, domin saukaka wa 'yan ƙarni, shi ya ɓullo da wani yawan na'urorin, yin shi maimakon mutane.

A gaskiya, kusan duk na'urorin na irin wannan ne a matsa lamba ma'auni iri (taimaka wajen sanin da matsa lamba a gas da kuma taya). Duk da haka, da suka sãɓã wa jũna a zane, daidaito da kuma ikon yinsa.

• Yanayi matsa lamba da aka auna yin amfani da wani matsin lamba ma'auni, da ake kira mai barometer. Idan kana so ka ƙayyade da injin (ie, korau matsa lamba) - yi amfani da wasu nau'in injin.
• Domin san jini na wani mutum a cikin shakka shi ne wani sphygmomanometer. Mafi yawa daga shi ne mafi sani a matsayin mai noninvasive tonometer. Irin wannan na'urorin akwai mutane da yawa iri daga Mercury inji zuwa cikakken atomatik dijital. Su daidaito dogara da kayan daga wanda an yi su ne da kuma ji shafin.
• Matsa lamba saukad da a cikin yanayi (da turanci - matsa lamba drop) an ƙaddara ta amfani da bambanci matsa lamba ko difnamometrov (ba za a rikita batun tare da dynamometers).

-daban na matsin lamba

Idan akai la'akari da matsa lamba dabara na wurinta da kuma ta bambancin for daban-daban abubuwa, wajibi ne a san game da irin wannan girma. Biyar daga cikinsu.

• Cikakkar.
• barometric
• Wuce kima.
• A injin.
• Bambanci.

cikakkar

Saboda haka ne jimlar matsa lamba a karkashin abin da abu ko abu, ba tare da rinjayar sauran gaseous aka gyara na da yanayi.

An auna a Pascals da kuma bayyana kansa da kuma adadin da wuce haddi na yanayi matsa lamba. Shi ne kuma wani bambanci tsakanin barometric da kuma injin iri.

Yana da aka lasafta ta da dabara P = P ₂ + P ₃ ko P = P ₂ - P _4.

A reference nufi ga cikakkar matsa lamba a cikin yanayi na duniyarmu, da matsa lamba dauka a ciki da ganga, daga abin da iska an cire (Ina nufin classic injin).

Kawai irin wannan matsin lamba da ake amfani a mafi yawan thermodynamic dabarbari.

barometric

Wannan lokaci ne da ake kira yanayi matsa lamba (nauyi) a kan dukkan abubuwa da kuma abubuwa da suke da shi, ciki har da Duniya ta surface kai tsaye. Mafi yawa daga shi kuma aka sani a karkashin sunan da yanayi matsa lamba.

Yana ake da thermodynamic sigogi, da kuma da darajar da aka canza a kan wuri da kuma lokaci na ji, kazalika da yanayin yanayi da kuma wuri a kan / kasa teku matakin.

The girma na barometric matsa lamba ne na yanayi da modulo karfi da naúrar yankin al'ada zuwa gare shi.

A wani barga yanayi girma na jiki da sabon abu ne da nauyi na iska da ginshiƙai a kan tushe da wani yanki daidaita hadin kai.

Kullum barometric matsa lamba - 101325 Pa (760 mm Hg a 0 ° C ..). A mafi girma da batun bayyana a farfajiya na duniya, da more shi ya zama mai low matsa lamba iska therethrough. Bayan kowane 8 km shi ne rage zuwa 100 Pa.

Saboda wannan dukiya a duwatsun ruwa a cikin sintali nodded da yawa fiye da a kan kuka a gida. Gaskiyar cewa matsa lamba rinjayar da tafasar batu: tare da latest rage rage-rage. Kuma mataimakin versa. Yana gina a kan wannan dukiya da aikin wannan kitchen kayan, kamar a matsa lamba cooker da autoclave. Kara matsa lamba a cikin su taimakawa wajen da samuwar cikin wani jirgin ruwa a mafi girma da yanayin zafi fiye da a al'ada pans a kan wani farantin.

Amfani ga kirga cikin yanayi matsa lamba na barometric tsawo dabara. Ga alama haka, kamar yadda a cikin hoto a kasa.

P - shi ne manufa darajar domin gyara, P ₀ - iska yawa a kusa da surface, g - free fall hanzari, h - tsawo sama da ƙasa, m - da matauni taro na gas, T - zafin jiki na tsarin, r - duniya gas m 8,3144598 Dzh / ( x mol K), da kuma e - shi ne yawan Eyklera, 2,71828.

Sau da yawa, a cikin sama dabara, da yanayi matsa lamba da aka yi amfani da maimakon R K - Boltzmann m. Ta hanyar ta aiki a kan Avogadro lambar ne sau da yawa bayyana ta duniya gas m. Shi ne mafi dace domin lissafin, lokacin da yawan barbashi aka bai wa a moles.

A lissafin ko da yaushe wajibi ne don la'akari da yiwuwar canje-canje a cikin iska zazzabi saboda da canza yanayin halin da ake ciki, ko kuma a sa tsawo da kuma latitud.

Wuce kima da kuma samar da wani injin

Bambanci tsakanin daukar matsa lamba da kuma yanayin da ake kira overpressure. Dangane da sakamakon, canja sunan m.

Idan shi ne tabbatacce, shi ne ake kira a matsa lamba.

Idan sakamakon wata alamar debewa - shi ne ake kira da wuri. Yana da daraja ambaton cewa shi ba zai iya zama fiye da barometric.

bambanci

Wannan darajar ne bambanci na matsin lamba a daban-daban maki na ji. Yawanci, shi da ake amfani da sanin da matsa lamba drop fadin wani kayan aiki. Wannan Gaskiya ne, a cikin masana'antun man fetur.

Bayan aikatã game da gaskiyar cewa ga thermodynamic yawa kira da matsa lamba da kuma tare da taimakon wasu daga cikin dabarbari shi samu, shi za a iya ƙarasa da cewa wannan sabon abu ne mai muhimmancin gaske, amma saboda ilmi game da shi ba zai zama superfluous.