Mene ne sakamakon da yanayin binciken?

A karshen tsakiyar zamanai Turai fasaha ci gaba ya kai ga zargin sabon kewayawa kayan aiki da kuma jiragen ruwa tare da wanda seafarers na Old World fara bude sabuwar ƙasar. Wadannan karatu sun kai ga m canje-canje a duk duniyoyin na rayuwar dan Adam.

A hukuncin da New World

A farkon zamanin babban Gwargwadon binciken dauke a cikin 1492, lokacin da Hristofor Kolumb gano America. Kusan duk na New World aka ayyana da Spanish dũkiyarku ba. Domin Turai motocin kasashen waje asashe sun tushen samun kudin shiga da kuma wanda bai isa albarkatun, ciki har da daraja karafa. Wannan exploitative dangantaka da Amurka kunshi farko effects na Great Kasa binciken. Spanish mulkin mallaka damƙar zasu kare 'yan asalin yawan ko na mazauna yankin da ya yi da bayi. Irin wannan siyasa detrimental ga ci gaban da nahiyar baki daya.

150 shekaru, tun bayyanar baki a Amurka, da 'yan asalin yawan aka rage by game da 15 sau. A iya-bodied namiji yawan herded zuwa mahakar, inda suka yi aiki a rashin tausayi yanayi. Saboda haka, rage haihuwa da kuma kaskanta siffofin na gargajiya noma. Sauran illar da Gwargwadon binciken - na yau da kullum annoba da m Turai cututtuka da Indians.

A rage daga cikin 'yan asalin yawan of America

A tsakiyar karni na XVI Spaniards fara sselyat yan unguwa a musamman ƙauyuka dake kusa da mahakar. Wadannan mutanen da ya kamata ya kasance, a hannu daya, don gudanar da ayyukan jama'a, da kuma a kan wasu - don neman abinci ga nasu iyalansu. A ambaliya na Spain a mallaka ya kananan. A hankali kafa musamman sashen dutsen na yawan - Turawa riga haife shi a New World, kuma kusan ba su da dangantaka tare da uwar kasar. Wadannan mutane da aka kira Creoles. Su ainihi ne kiyaye godiya ga gaskiya cewa sun zauna shi ware daga 'yan India.

A gida yawan mutane, an eroded a kan lokaci. Bace dukan kabilun da kuma kabilu. Local harsuna aka maye gurbinsu da Spanish. Bugu da kari ga Creole, wani rukuni na mestizos - zuriyar gauraye aure tsakanin Turawa da Indiyawa. A XVII karni fara wani irin tsari da dan hanya baki yawan da ya bayyana a Amurka saboda cinikin bayi. Yana haifar da wani mulatto. Musamman manyan su al'umma fito a cikin Caribbean, ciki har da Cuba da kuma Haiti, inda plantation tattalin arzikin wadãta.

kabilanci kasko

Duk kabilun (Indians, Turawa, mulattos, mestizos, negros, Creoles) akwai aka rufe, su ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga juna a cikin doka da kuma zamantakewa matsayi. A wanzuwar castes an gyarawa da dokoki na Spanish Empire. A sakamakon yanayin binciken da ya kammala da cewa sabon mulkin mallaka al'umma ta zamantakewa matsayi aka niyya ya tseren da kuma kabilanci.

Dangi da cikakken 'yancin da Turawa samu kawai Creoles. Mestizos, da bambanci, ba zai mallaki ƙasar, da makami, su zauna a cikin al'umma, ko da yake ba su da su bauta wa da aiki sabis. Ance gaskiyar al'amurra duk sun Indiyawan.

Christianization

A farkon labarin, da sakamakon da Great Kasa binciken - duk wannan zai iya yi ba tare da rinjayar da coci a Turai bude na ɓangaren duniya. A Portuguese da kuma Spain kasance na farko da zuwa a kan tilas kallafa Katolika a cikin nasara yankuna na America. Firistoci da gangan hallaka ba kawai da arna asiri, amma sosai al'adun 'yan asalin jama'ar na New World. Halakar da tsoho Monuments da sauran alamu na pre-Kirista baya.

Bayyana, a matsa lamba Church sakamakon yanayin binciken, tarihin wanda dade ga dama ƙarni, shi evokes zanga-zanga da kuma juriya ga al'ummai. Regular tarzoma tilasta firistoci da bishops na dama ya canza ta da manufofin, sa shi softer kuma mafi conciliatory. Ko ta wani hanya, amma India al'adu, sun wuce wani mummunan mãsu alãma daga Turawa har yanzu tsira da kiyaye su.

Operation baki

New World ya ga Turawa tushen babbar yawa albarkatu. Domin su hakar da kuma samar da ake bukata mai yawa bayi. Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, da jama'ar {asar Amirka takaici rage. The kananan bayi Indiyawan iya ba saduwa da buƙatun metropolises.

A bayani na wannan rikici ya fitowan na transatlantic cinikin bayi. A tsakiyar karni na XVI, shi ya kafa wani dukan tsarin kama bayi a Afrika ta Yamma da su sufuri zuwa Amurka (yafi a Brazil, Colombia, Caribbean Islands da kuma Amurka kudu). Mafi yawansu suna fitar dashi daga Congo Basin.

Da yaki da bautar da

Tattauna da tasiri na kasa binciken (Grade 7), madawwama a kan wannan batu, wanda ba abin mamaki bane idan ka yi la'akari da sikelin da abin da ke faruwa ga ƙarni. A cewar daban-daban kimomi da tilasta fitarwa na 400 da shekaru an hõre wasu miliyan 17. The United Nations ya wadãtu da transatlantic cinikin bayi a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi tsanani take hakki na kare hakkin dan adam a cikin tarihi.

Magance cin zarafin bakaken fata, ya fara a cikin XVIII karni. A Ingila, na farko yan-adam da kungiyoyi, wanda ya sanar da jama'a game da wuya yanayin rayuwa aka halitta bayi. Korau hali zuwa bautar da Quakers of America. A juyo zo bayan sanannen Haiti bawa tawaye. Yana dade na goma sha uku shekaru (1791-1804 gg.). A karshen, Faransa hukumomi sun shigar da shan kashi da kuma ya ba da mallaka 'yancin kai.

abolition

Sauran Turai iko ya mayar da martani ga abin da ya faru a Haiti wary. Ya zama a sarari cewa karuwa a yawan bayi za su kawai tsananta halin da ake ciki a nahiyar Amirka, da kuma zai kai ga mai gudana yaki. A kan waɗannan, sentiments transatlantic cinikin bayi suka hankali phased fita. Duk da haka, a wasu yankuna na haihuwa domin an kauda tare da wahala.

A Amurka, da fataucin bayi da aka soke a 1807. Duk da haka, akwai zauna da sosai bauta. A karshe an soke kawai a tsakiyar 1860. Don wannan karshen, Amurka da tafi ta farko da tattalin arziki, sa'an nan kuma soja rikici arewacin masana'antu da kuma kudancin bawa jihohi, zub da cikin wani mummunan yakin basasa. Last cinikayya a bayi daga Afirka a 1888, soke a Brazil.

tattalin arziki sakamakon

Wasu daga cikin sakamakon yanayin binciken sun kai ga babban canje-canje ba sau daya ba, amma kawai a sikelin da 'yan zamaninsu. Alal misali, sun, tare da wasu sauran abubuwan halakar Turai feudalism, wadda ta zo domin maye gurbin tsarin jari-hujja. Market dangantakar sun ci gaba tun kara yawan abubuwa sayar. A da rare Asian abinci da American taska.

Duk wani mai ciniki da kamfanoni, da kuma manyan Maritime iko ya fara gasa da juna ba kawai a fagen yaƙi amma kuma a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Irin wannan sakamakon na yanayin binciken kamar "farashin juyin juya halin" a Turai a cikin XVI karni, a lokacin da suka tashi daga game da 400%, ya juyar da siyasa halin da ake ciki a cikin hedkwatarsu da. Gwarzon ne kasashen da ci gaban da kayayyaki samarwa (Ingila da Netherlands). A hankali, suka koro zuwa kasuwanni ga tsohon mulkin mallaka dauloli (Portugal da Spain), wadda daga ƙarshe ta zo wani tsanani ƙi.

Canje-canje a cikin masana'antu

Mazauna zama capacious waje kasuwar ga masana'antu. Wadannan canje-canje sun haifar da wani rikicin na na da guilds, ba su iya saduwa da ƙara bukatar. A wurin da tsohon ciniki zo jari hujja yi. Yana da aka yi amfani da rabo daga aiki, to da yawa ara yawan kayayyakin da samar. Data Abubuwan Taɗi A sakamakon haka shi da wani taro na babban birnin kasar da kuma samuwar bourgeoisie.

Sanadin da kuma sakamakon da yanayin binciken sun amfana daya kasashen Turai da kuma muhimmanci lalace da sauran. Saboda haka, zargin da Amurka kasuwa ya rage muhimmancin cinikayya a cikin Rum, cewa azaba mai duka don Italian birane. Yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsakiyar zamanai da Jamhuriyar Venice da Genoa, ya fadi a cikin disrepair.

New cinikayya cibiyoyin

Daga cikin Italian birane da matsayi na kasa da kasa Maritime cinikayya cibiyoyin koma Seville, Lisbon da kuma Antwerp. Wani misali na wannan Dutch tashar jiragen ruwa musamman bayyananniyar. A cikin XV karni, Antwerp ya kasance wani muhimmin batu na tallace-tallace na Turanci zane, Faransa da kuma Jamus karfe ulu. Tare da gano sabon nahiyoyi a Dutch tashar jiragen ruwa na mayar da hankali a harkokin ciniki a mulkin mallaka dukiya da kayan yaji.

Antwerp zama da mai da hankali batu na Turai kudi. Matsayinsu shi bude duk bankuna da kuma m kamfanonin na Old World. Akwai kuma fito da wani stock musayar. Muhimmanci sakamakon yanayin binciken ne bayyanar dispensing tsarin da ake bukata, wajen harkokin ciniki da rance. Akwai zamani Securities: shaidu, promissory bayanin kula da hannun jari.

Tsarin jari hujja maye gurbin feudalism

Kananan a yankin Netherlands da sauri ya zama mafi tattalin arziki raya kasa a Turai. Su tsarin jari hujja ya fi tasiri mulkin gargajiya (hankula na Spain da kuma Portugal). A farko mulkin mallaka dauloli samu babbar riba, amma cutar da su ciyar da su a kan abun ciki na aristocracy da fādar sarki. Dauki amfani da sabon fasali mulkin mallaka Birtaniya da kuma Dutch free 'yan kasuwa taimake su kasashen zama arziki da kuma mafi m jihohin zamanin.

Columbian musayar

A rayuwar yau da kullum na talakawa Turawa effects na Great Kasa binciken mafi shafa a irin wannan hanyar da a cikin Tsohon World, sabon baki kayayyakin: kofi, koko, taba, tumatir, dankalin turawa, shayi da kayan yaji. Motsi da dabbobi, da shuke-shuke, da fasahohi, da kuma al'adu nasarorin da wasu sassa na duniya da sauran aka kira musayar Columbus.

A Amirka, a sakamakon wannan tsari, akwai shanu, da dawakai, da na tumaki, da alkama, da kofi, auduga, rake da sauransu .. Wasu jinsunan matsawa zuwa wasu nahiyoyi niyya ba. Wadannan sun hada da berayen, Colorado beetles, wasu weeds. Kokarin bayyana abin da sakamakon da Great Gwargwadon binciken shafi rayuwa na Turai, da masana kimiyya gabatar da wani sabon wa'adi: "neophyte." Wannan shi ne sunan da aka ba shuke-shuke da cewa sun bayyana a wani ga Flora a sakamakon adam aiki. Saboda haka, sakamakon da yanayin binciken, da tebur a kasa wanda ya nuna, nuna a cikin daban-daban duniyoyin na rayuwar dan Adam.

mallaka

Saboda mulkin mallaka ci, Turai iko ya fara sarrafa mafi yawan jama'ar duniya. Saboda haka akwai wani sabon siyasa domin - mallaka. Its farko jiki ya da Spain. Tanã darkake da m jihar na Incas da Aztecs, shi ya dauka ta wuri, samar a cikin American dũkiyarku m tilastawa da kuma aiki bawa tsarin.

Sai Spanish misali aiki a matsayin wani samfur ga Dutch mulkin mallaka siyasa, Great Britain, Faransa da kuma wasu sauran ƙasashe. Halaka 'yan asalin mutane, da kuma kawar da addini asiri. Turawa nasara da dukan sassa na duniya , sai dai yankin gabas ta tsakiya da kuma gabashin Asiya. A yankin zauna da Sin da kuma Japan wayewa. Dukansu kasashe sun lokaci zuwa lokaci kokarin daukar hanya na isolationism da m mulkin mallaka.

Sanadin da kuma Sakamako na Great Kasa binciken redrew siyasa taswirar duniya. Mulkin mallaka daular ci gaba da zama domin da dama ƙarni. A karshen su ya sanya 'yancin kai nasara kasashen (musamman a Afrika) a cikin biyu da rabi na XX karni.