Fasaha kimiyyar. Brief tarihi, misalai

Engineering - shi ne mai hadaddun na kimiyyar da cewa gano technosphere ko muhimmanci ga ta ci gaba da sabon abu. A farko da masana kimiyya suka yi ya yi babban taimako ga ci gaban fasaha kimiyyar sun Heron, Archimedes, Papp, Leonardo Vinci Vitruvius. A farko daga cikin wadannan kimiyyar sun zama makaniki. Har ila yau, wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban fasahar sanya da irin wannan malamansu kamar William Sana'a, Rodzher Bekon, Thomas Bradwardine, Uffano D., J .. Vignola, W. Gelbert.

Har game da karni na 19th, masana kimiyya sun ware kawai biyu iri kimiyya: da al'adu da na halitta. Engineering ya dauki wani matsakaici matsayi. Bayan duk, fasahar - wani samfurin halitta mutum kuma ba a samu a yanayi. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ne batun duk da wannan dokokin matsayin halitta abubuwa. Babban aiki na fasaha da kimiyya ne don nazarin dokokin mutum da aka yi mamaki da kuma dangantakarsu da kimiyyar yanayin halitta.

A tarihin kimiyya da fasaha, ya hada da binciken da kuma nasarorin da manyan mutanen. Mun yi magana ne kawai na biyu shahara Rasha masana kimiyya - game da Lomonosov da Mendeleev.

M. V. Lomonosov - mai girma Rasha masanin kimiyya, tarihi da kuma geographer, sunadarai, kuma likita, falaki da kayan aiki masu yi, karatu da na halitta da kuma fasaha kimiyyar. Aza ka'idojin kimiyya na gilashi, an tasowa a samfur na helikofta, kamar yadda nasa ne da gano wani yanayi a kusa da duniya Venus. Na kirkiro da wani shiri da aka sani a yanzu Moscow University, wanda aka daga baya mai suna a cikin girmamawa.

D. I. Mendeleev - Rasha masanin kimiyya da kuma ta jiki sunadarai, metrology injiniya, a fanning binciken kasa da meteorologist, tattalin arziki, kayan aiki da kuma balloonist. A mafi muhimmanci da kuma sanannun binciken kimiyya - ne da lokaci-lokaci dokar sinadaran abubuwa. Ya kuma gano da m zazzabi, diddigin sabon abu na isomorphism, halitta a na'urar cewa kayyade yawa na ruwa (pycnometer), shi ne marubucin da littafi "Organic Chemistry".

Mene ne fasaha sciences? A nan ne kawai da wasu misalai.

• Architecture - shi ne ma'adanin na zanawa da kuma ginin Tsarin da daban-daban gine-gine, wanda suke zama dole ga wani mutum da ya rayuwar yau da kullum. Har ila yau gine kira siffar Tsarin.
• Bayani fasahar - shi ne mai gwada matasa horo cewa karatu al'amurran da suka shafi alaka da tarin, ajiya da kuma yin amfani da wani iri-iri na bayanai a cikin yankunan mutum aiki.
• Space - shi ne mai fasaha da kuma kimiyya manufa a sarari ta hanyar manned da unmanned motocin.
• Makanikai - wani reshe na kimiyyar lissafi da cewa karatu da motsi da kuma hulda da jikinsu. Wannan kimiyya za a iya raba da dama sassan - gargajiya, relativistic kuma jimla makanikai.
• Injiniyan inji - wani bangare wanda manufa shi ne zane da kuma sarrafa duk wani nau'i na kida, da kayayyakin aiki, tsaro da kayayyakin da mabukaci kaya. Raba da total, nauyi, matsakaici da kuma lafiya.
• Chemical fasahar - da masana'antu ne binciko mafi tsabtace muhalli da kuma kudin-tasiri hanyoyin da wajen da aiki na halitta kayan cikin tsaka-tsaki kayayyakin da kuma mabukaci kayayyakin. Kasu kashi kwayoyin da inorganic.
• Banana Engineering - shi ne reshe na aikin injiniya da kimiyya da cewa na nazari akan samar, rarraba da kuma yin amfani da wutar lantarki da makamashi. Yana da aka kasaftawa a zaman kanta da kimiyyar lissafi kimiyya a cikin marigayi 19th karni.
• Makamashin nukiliya - Energy ne, wanda ya fitar da zafi da wutar lantarki ta hanyar mayar (dauki na nukiliya fission na uranium ko plutonium) makamashin nukiliya.
• Kuma fasaha kimiyyar hada da fasahar binciken halittu, Shipbuilding, metallurgy, kayan kimiyya, tsarin aikin injiniya, ilmin taurari da kuma astrophysics, kuma da yawa wasu masana'antu.

Basic hanyoyin da aikin injiniya kimiyya - shi ne kwamfuta da kuma ilmin lissafi tallan kayan kawa aiwatar ko samarwa Tsarin.