Formula cellulose. Chemical jiki Properties. Shiri, aikace-aikace

Ya zama saba yau da kullum abubuwa a gare mu, waxanda suke yawaita a rayuwarmu ta kullum, da shi ba zai yiwu ba su yi tunanin ba tare da yin amfani da kwayoyin sunadarai kayayyakin. Long kafin sinadaran gwajen Anselm Payá, a sakamakon wanda ya ya iya gano da kuma bayyana a 1838 a polysaccharide wanda ya karbi sunan kansa "cellulose" (samu daga Faransa cellulose da Latin cellula, ma'ana "cell kabad"), wannan dukiya daga wani abu rayayye amfani a samar da mafi muhimmanci abubuwa.

Ƙara sanin ~ angaren litattafan almara ya jagoranci wani m iri-iri abubuwa, sanya a kan ta da asali. A takardar da daban-daban maki, paperboard, roba sassa da kuma na roba zaruruwa (acetate, viscose rayon, jan-ammonia), polymer fina-finai, enamels da varnishes, ƙuna, abinci ƙari (E460) da kuma ko da smokeless foda ne kayayyakin da samar da aiki na ɓangaren litattafan almara.

Pure cellulose ne mai farin m tare da wani fairly m Properties, yana da kyau kwarai da juriya ga daban-daban da kuma sinadaran jiki da tasirinsa.

Nature zaba cellulose (cellulose) a matsayin babban gini abu. A shuka duniya shi ne dalilin cell ganuwar bishiyoyi da sauran mafi girma shuke-shuke. A cikin purest nau'i na halitta abin da ke faruwa cellulose ne auduga iri dankon.

A musamman Properties wannan abu an ƙaddara da asalin tsarin. cellulose dabara yana da jimillar rikodin (C6 H10 O5) n daga abin da muka gani a pronounced polymeric tsarin. Maimaita wata babbar dama sau β-glucose saura ciwon more cikakken view of yadda - [C6 H7 O2 (OH) 3] -, an haɗa a cikin wani dogon mikakke kwayoyin.

Kwayoyin cellulose dabara ma'anar ta musamman sinadaran Properties su yi tsayayya lalatattu yanayin. Har ila yau ɓangaren litattafan almara na da babban jure zafi, ko da a 200 digiri Celsius kayan kula da tsarin da ba a hallaka. Autoignition auku a zazzabi na 420 ° C.

Babu kasa m cellulose a cikin jiki Properties. A tsarin dabara na cellulose a cikin nau'i na dogon strands dauke daga 300 zuwa 10,000 glucose raka'a ciwon wani gefen rassan, sun fi mayar da kayyade high kwanciyar hankali na wannan abu. Formula glucose nuna yadda wani jam'i na hydrogen shaidu yaudari cellulose zaruruwa ba kawai high inji ƙarfi, amma kuma babban elasticity. A sakamakon hikimar tantance a jam'i na sinadaran gwaje-gwajen da kuma gudanar da bincike shi ne halittar wani model na cellulose macromolecules. Yana da wani m karkace a cikin matakai 2-3 na na farko matakin, wanda aka stabilized saboda intramolecular hydrogen shaidu.

Ba cellulose dabara da ta digiri na Polymerization ne ainihin halayyar domin da yawa abubuwa. Kamar wancan ne a cikin raw auduga ya kai yawan glucosidic sharan 2500-3000, da tsarkake auduga - daga 900 zuwa 1000, tsarkake itace ɓangaren litattafan almara yana nuna alama 800-1000, regenerating da cellulose a cikin yawan an rage wa 200-400, da kuma cellulose acetate a wani masana'antu da shi jeri daga 150 to 270 "links" a cikin kwayoyin.

A samfurin domin yin cellulose ne shuka abu, da farko shi ne itace. Ainihin tsari ya shafi samar da itace kwakwalwan kwamfuta tare da daban-daban pulping sunadarai, bi da tsarkakewa, bushewa da kuma yankan ƙãre samfurin.

M lura da cellulose sa ya yiwu a samu wani iri-iri na kayan da ake so jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties cewa ba da damar samar da wani m iri-iri kayayyakin, ba tare da abin da rayuwa na zamani mutumin wuya su yi tunanin. A musamman dabara na cellulose, gyara da kuma sinadaran jiki magani, ya zama tushen domin samar da kayan da suke na musamman a cikin yanayi, kyale su da za a yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin sinadaran masana'antu, magani da kuma sauran fannoni na mutum aiki.