Cosmic tambaya ya bambanta daga sama jannati jannati

Kawai 100 da suka wuce, mutane ba su iya ko da mafarki cewa zai iya tafiya ta cikin iska, shawo kan babban nisa a high gudun. Musamman wani abu fantastic ra'ayin da jũna adam a cikin sarari. A halin yanzu lokaci ne wani yau da kullum al'amari na Semi-mutane zauna a cikin falaki. Sau da yawa a kan talabijin magana game da mutane, to nasara da m sarari. Amma wani lokacin su kira 'yan saman jannati, da kuma wani lokacin - da' yan saman jannati. Mene ne bambanci?

Yadda za a fara wata kalma

Domin ya fahimci abin da wani xan sama jannatin daga sama jannatin ne daban-daban, kana bukatar ka fahimci asalin kalmomi.

Na farko, da duniya koya da kalmar "sama jannati". An yi imani da cewa shi sanya ta halarta a karon a shafukan da fantasy litattafan da Turanci marubuci P. Gregg, a 1880. Amma musamman shahararsa ba samu. A shekara ta 1929, da kalma da aka yi amfani da matsayin kimiyya definition a cikin labarin na Birtaniya astronomical Association.

Da kalmar "sama jannati" a shekarar 1935 na nuna cewa, wani masanin kimiyya tsunduma a kirga jirgin hanyoyi na roka da popularizer na sarari kimiyya - Shternfeld A. A. Amma da kimiyya yanayi ba nan da nan ya gane wannan bidi'a. Wasu malaman flatly ƙi wani sabon lokaci, matsayi da shi ba dole ba neologisms. Amma duk da haka da kalmar "sama jannati" bayan da tsakiyar XX karni, shiga na farko kimiyya ƙamus, sa'an nan da ƙamus na kowa mutum.

Dukansu suna samu daga Girkanci. "Cosmonaut" tare da Pythagorean harshen zahiri fassara a matsayin "duniya Navigator" da "jannati" - "star ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa".

Idan muka yi la'akari da ainihin definition kowace kalma, bambanci daga sama jannati jannati ba a samu. Bayan duk, duka biyu sharuddan koma zuwa wani mutum tsunduma a kimiyya da bincike a matsanancin sarari. Duk da haka, a kasashe daban-daban raba wadannan Concepts, Magana game da mutane daga cikin wannan sana'a. Saboda haka, bari mu bayyana bambanci tsakanin wani jannati daga sama jannati, abin da yake da bambanci?

sanyi yaki

A bambantawa daga cikin sharuddan siyasa taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ta kuma sanin abin da yake daban-daban daga sama jannati jannati. Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka ga dama shekaru da dama makale a cikin makamai tseren da binciken kimiyya da cewa ba da damar a kasar da su cimma makiya. Ko, kamar yadda sau da yawa kamar yadda suka faɗa, a cikin Cold War.

A postwar lokacin shi ya fara aiki ci gaban shirye-shirye da suka shafi nazarin sararin samaniya. Mun fara gwajin a ƙarshe manned kumbon sama jannati zuwa Earth falaki. Mutane aika a hayin Duniya, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, an yanke shawarar to suna da 'yan saman jannati, da kuma a Amurka - da' yan saman jannati. Kuma ko da yake, a gaskiya, wadannan sharuddan ne synonymous, da yaƙe kasashen da gangan mayar da hankali a kan bambancin daga sama jannati jannati.

Har yanzu, a kafofin watsa labarai da kuma kimiyya wallafe-wallafe na kasashe daban-daban, da yake magana game da mutane plowing da Universe, yi amfani da daban-daban sharuddan. Sai dai itace cewa babban bambanci a cikin abin da wani xan sama jannatin ne daban-daban daga wani xan sama jannatin - ya kasa. Idan taurari tashi Rasha matukin jirgin ne ke magana game da shi, "jannati" idan American, Japanese, Turai - "jannati".

A farko a sarari

Mu, ba shakka, sanin cewa shi ba kome abin da xan sama jannatin ne daban-daban daga wani xan sama jannatin, saboda duk wadannan mutane su ne ainihin heroes.

Mutumin farko, wanda ya juya daga cikin sarari ya kasance mai Soviet gwajin pilot, kuma a hade - cosmonaut, Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin. Wannan ya faru a shekarar 1961, Afrilu 12. Jirgin dade kadan fiye da 100 minti. Yanzu, a kan wannan rana a kasar mu ake bikin Ranar Cosmonautics.

Na biyu mutum wanda ya tafi a kan wani roka zuwa cikin falaki, ya mai cosmonaut Jamus Stepanovich Titov. A sarari, ya shafe fiye da wata rana.

A Amirka, na farko mutum da uku a duniya, ya sanya na farko jirgin a kan madawwama biyu na Duniya a sararin, ya zama wani xan sama jannatin Dzhon Gershel Glenn Jr .. A lokacin ziyararsa a sarari ya tashi a kusa da duniya sau uku.

A farko mace sama jannati, lashe cosmic expanses, ya zama Valentina Tereshkova Vladimirovna (1963).

Wane ne yanzu a sarari suKe?

Bisa ga Ofishin Jakadancin Control Center a kan Yuni 2, 2017 at kasa da kasa sararin samaniya ne a ƙungiya daga uku:

1. Test cosmonaut na 1st class, kwamandan da ISS-52 - Yurchihin Fedor Nikolaevich (Rasha).
2. NASA sama jannati, jirgin m - Peggy Winston (USA).
3. NASA sama jannati, jirgin m - Dzhek Fisher (USA).

Domin wadannan mutane, ba kome, abin ne daban-daban daga sama jannati jannati. Babban abu - da kimiyya da bincike aikin, wanda zai ba da damar earthlings su kusanci asirai na sararin samaniya. Zai yiwu shi ne godiya ga kwazo mutane za mu iya tafiya cikin taurari da kuma sauran duniyoyi.