Birtaniya mazauna

Birtaniya yankunan - da yawa yankunan da ke kusa da duniya cewa an kama, dauka a karkashin wani protectorate ko wasu hanyoyi samu tsakanin 16th da kuma 18th ƙarni, daya daga cikin mafi iko dauloli a baya - Birtaniya.

Manufar ya zuwa ta yankin ci gaba. A wannan lokacin, akwai karfi gasar ga kafofin albarkatun da m kasuwanni ga kera tsakanin Birtaniya da kuma ta nahiyar hammayarsu - Spain, Faransa da kuma Holland. A zamanin mulkin Sarauniya Elizabeth na kasuwanci da kamfanonin da aka kafa a Turkey, Rasha, da Gabas Indies, bincika da Coast na Arewacin Amirka.

An yi imani da da masana tarihi, da cikakken yankin fadada daga cikin kasar ya fara da lokacin da Elizabeth na da 'yancin ta fi so, Sir Walter Raleigh kafa Turanci mazauna a Arewacin Amirka.

Da farko da manufofin na daular aka tushen kawai a kan mercantilist ideas. A Stewart, James na da Charles I, da kuma Oliver Cromwell ta yi sarauta bisa cinikin makircinsu, ya zama mafi bayyananne. M ma'auni na cinikayya (shigo da fitarwa) da ake zaton samar da wani arziki zama dole domin fadada da kuma goyon baya na daular.

A 1707, bayan da daidaituwa da Ingila da kuma Scotland a cikin guda sarki jihar, da yawa mazauna na Burtaniya (ciki har da tsohon Scottish) ya zama tushen ga sanannen Empire.

Da farko kasashen waje Birtaniya ƙauyuka da aka kafa a Ireland. The din kama na kasar da aka za'ayi a karkashin Oliver Cromwell. Bayan nasara wars da Dutch, Faransa da kuma Spain, a cikin goma sha bakwai karni, kasar Birtaniya ya iya ya dauki iko da mafi yawan gabashin bakin tekun Arewacin {asar Amirka, Pool St. Lawrence River a Canada, Bermuda, karkarar da West Indies da Afirka sayan bayi da kuma samun da qafafunku a India.

Wasu masana tarihi jayayya da cewa duk Wales kamata a yi la'akari da farko English mallaka tun da lokaci ba dole ba ne ya nufin kasashen waje ƙasa.

A karshen karni na sha takwas Birtaniya mazauna a Amurka sun bata. Ko da yake samu na Australia ya ba yi aiki a matsayin mai raba diyya, tun da nĩsa ƙasashe bauta yafi a matsayin wani wuri na yin hijira saboda da Allah wadai maza, amma wannan asara ne ya rinjayi ake kira "lilo zuwa Gabas" - da saye da dabarun sansanonin tare da cinikayya hanyoyi tsakanin India da kuma Far East. By karshen karni na sha takwas Birtaniya iko da Indiya mika wa Afghanistan da kuma Burma.

A sakamakon da Napoleonic Wars - karshe duniya yaƙe-yaƙe tsakanin dauloli - Birtaniya ta kasance ko da a cikin wani sosai wuya halin da ake ciki, amma ba tare da shakka da ciwon karfi wuri. Alal misali, Dutch Cape Colony (Afirka ta Kudu) da aka samu. Duk da cewa babban kamfani na Victoria ta kasashen waje da manufofin sigar tsawo na Rasha Empire, wanda barazana ta bukatu a India, kusan duk na gargajiya fafatawa a gasa, to wannan lokacin sun rasa darajar da ƙwarai rage a cikin size, don haka abin da na sarki Birtaniya ta matsayi ya indisputable. Bugu da kari, shi ne ya zama manyan masana'antu kasa a Turai, kuma da yankunan duniya da aka mayar da hankali a karkashin mamayar da kasuwanci, harkokin kudi da sojan ruwa iko.

Duk da haka, da matsayin da ba za a iya kira barga. Empire dogara ne a kan ra'ayoyin mercantilism, ya aka raunana a cikin marigayi goma sha takwas - farkon goma sha tara ƙarni da dama dalilai. A 1807 a Ingila kauda bauta motsi jagorancin masu bishara, nema m canje-canje a wasu yankunan na daular. Tun 1833, tattalin arziki na gaba ga (yawanci ta hanyar rinjayar da ra'ayoyi na Adam Smith), wasu Birtaniya mazauna fara motsa zuwa ga kai gwamnati da kuma yancin cinikayya, wanda shi ne domin rage tasirin da haihuwa oligarchic da monopolistic ciniki hukumomi. Kuma duk da haka a lokacin da Victoria zamanin ci gaba saye da yankuna da kuma kara cinikayya asasshe ciyar da dabarun sharudda da kuma wajaba a kansa da taimako da muradi. Its ganiya m siyasa na Burtaniya ya kai lokacin da Koroleva Viktoriya, sunã shũshũta firaministan kasar Benjamin Disraeli, ya yi kira a kanta a 1876 da Empress na India.

A Empire, duk da haka, ci gaba wajen samar da kasa ƙungiyoyi, jima ko ba dade, mãsu bãyar da bushãra da rarrabuwa. A tsari kara bayan yakin duniya na, ko da yake a post-yaki lokacin, Empire a wasu lokaci ya karu a size lokacin da wani Birtaniya protectorate sun tsohon Jamus da kuma Turkiya ƙasa.

A mallaka na Birtaniya, Canada da Australia sun sami mulkin matsayi a 1907. A shekarar 1931 aka kafa da Commonwealth of Nations, da suka hada da Birtaniya da kuma kai-Hukumar masun mulki na Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, da Dan Ailan Free State, wanda aka gane a matsayin shugaban da monarch na United Kingdom. Masun mulki rayayye goyan bayan Birtaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu. Wasu masu tarihi suna yanzu mamaki game da ko ya yiwu da ya lashe wannan mummunan yaki ba tare da goyon bayan mulkin mallaka da sojojin majiɓinta. Su halarci kowane gidan wasan kwaikwayo na yaki. Amma asarar Birtaniya a Far East sun bayyana shi da cewa UK daina yana cewa na sarki ikon, iya rike domin a cikin gargajiya duniya. A wuri na Turanci hankali zo da Amirkawa.