Black Ɗari Party of farkon XX karni: da shirin shugabanni,

Black Daruruwan aka kira Rasha membobin m kungiyoyin na 1905-17, wanda aka gudanar matsayi na monarchism, anti-Semitism da kuma babban-ikon Manzonsa. Wadannan kungiyoyi amfani da tsoro ga 'yan tawayen. Black Ɗari Party a Rasha a farkon karni na 20th dauki bangare a cikin waste daga zanga-zangar, tarurruka. Kungiyar goyon bayan gwamnati, da za'ayi Rikicin.

Don gane da wannan yunkuri a duban farko, shi ne quite wuya. A tsarin da Black-Ɗari jam'iyyun hada da wakilai daga kungiyoyin da ba su ko da yaushe amsa tare. Duk da haka, idan ka mayar da hankali a kan mafi muhimmanci, za ka lura da cewa Black Daruruwan sun janar ra'ayoyi da kuma kwatance na ci gaba. A takaice gabatar da babban Rasha Black Ɗari Party da kuma shugabanninsu.

Key kungiyoyi da shugabannin

"Rasha taro", halitta a shekarar 1900, za a iya daukan na farko a kasar mu monarchist kungiyar. Ba za mu yi la'akari da wanda ya riga, "sojojin Rasha" (wannan karkashin kasa da kungiyar dade ba). Duk da haka, babban karfi na motsi ne Black Daruruwan "Union of Rasha Mutane", wanda ya tashi a 1905

Yana da aka karkashin jagorancin Dubrovin. Purishkevich a 1908, arangama da shi da kuma bar NRC. Ya halitta nasa kungiyar "Union Mihaila Arhangela." A NRC na biyu tsaga faru a 1912. The adawa a wannan lokaci ya tashi tsakanin Markov da Dubrovin. The Union yanzu bar Dubrovin. Ya kafa wata dama-reshe Dubrovinsky "Union na Rasha mutane." Don da fore, don haka mun tafi 3 shugaba na monarchists: Markov (NRC), Purishkevich (CMA) da kuma Dubrovin (VDSRN).

Basic Black Ɗari Party - aka jera a sama. Zaka kuma iya lura da "Rasha Monarchist Union". Duk da haka, da wakilan wannan jam'iyyar sun kasance cikin Orthodox limaman da manya, don haka wannan pool ya kananan da ba wakiltar wani gagarumin amfani. Bugu da kari, bayan dan lokaci da jam'iyyar tsaga. Sashe na daga cikin kungiyar tafi Purishkevich.

Asalin kalmar "Black Daruruwan"

The kalmar "Black Daruruwan" ya zo daga Old Rasha kalmar "Black Daruruwan" ma'ana Posadskoe haraji yawan delivsheesya a kan soja-administrative raka'a (daruruwan). Wakilai daga cikin yunkuri na amfani a gare mu kasance mambobi ne na Rasha monarchist, pravohristianskih kuma anti-Semitic kungiyoyi. "Black Ɗari" - wani lokaci da ya zama yadu amfani da su koma ga dama-reshe anti-Yahudawa da Larabawa da kuma 'yan siyasa. Wakilai daga cikin motsi sa a gaba a cikin 'yan adawa ga mulkin demokra ka'idoji, da manufa na tafin kafa, cikakken iko. Sun yi imani da cewa Rasha yana 3 maƙiyi, wanda dole ne a combated. Wannan DiSSiDENT, ilimi da kuma inorodets.

Black Daruruwan kuma trezvennichestvo

Sashe na daga cikin Black Ɗari Jam'iyyar fito daga cikin yunkuri domin magance shan barasa. Wadannan kungiyoyi taba hana trezvennichestvo. Yana da aka dauke da cewa amfani da giya a cikin moderation - madadin zuwa vodka guba. Sashe na daga cikin sel da Black Daruruwan, ko da aka firam a cikin nau'i na kamunkai al'ummu, karanta wa jama'a, shayi, kuma ko da giya.

Black Daruruwan kuma peasantry

Black Daruruwan - jam'iyyar wanda shirin na aikin da kyau ba ci gaba, sai dai da kira zuwa doke Yahudawa, masu ilimi, masu sassaucin ra'ayi da kuma yunkuri. Saboda haka, peasantry, kusan ba zo a cikin lamba tare da wadannan Categories zauna kusan unaffected da wadannan kungiyoyin.

Rikicin masana da Yahudawa

Black Ɗari Jam'iyyar sanya babbar Fare a kan zunubi shũshũtãwa na kabilanci da kuma na kasa ƙiyayya. Wannan sa a boren da ya yi share fadin Rasha. Ba dole ne a ce cewa tarzoma fara ko da a gaban tayin na Black Daruruwan motsi. Masana ba su ko da yaushe kauce masa da duka da aka nufin "makiyan Rasha". Cikin wakilan ta ta sauƙi doke up har ma da kashe a tituna, sau da yawa a kan wani par da Yahudawa. Yana bai ajiye ko da gaskiyar cewa da wani gwaji na shirya na Black Daruruwan motsi kunshi ra'ayin mazan jiya masana.

Ba duk kisan kiyashi, akasin rare ra'ayi, shi ne Black Ɗari jam'iyyar shirya. A cikin shekaru 1905-07, wadannan kungiyoyi ne har yanzu quite kananan. Duk da haka, da Black Daruruwan ne sosai aiki a yankin, wanda ya gauraye yawan (Belarus, Ukraine, da kuma 15 lardunan da ake kira "Kodadde na warware"). A wadannan yankuna, akwai fiye da rabin dukkan mambobi na "Union of Rasha Mutane", da sauran irin wannan kungiyoyi. Rikicin kalaman da ci gaban ayyuka na Black Daruruwan fara subside nan da nan. Mutane da yawa shahararren Figures daga cikin jam'iyyun sun nuna wannan.

Kudade kungiyoyin, jaridu edition

An muhimmanci tushen kudade ga Black Daruruwan kwadago sun gwamnati tallafin. Kudi kasaftawa daga ma'aikatar harkokin kudi wajen saka idanu da manufofin wadannan kungiyoyi. Black Ɗari jam'iyyar a lokaci guda kuma ya tattara mutum da gudummawa.

A lokuta daban-daban, kungiyar ta buga "Pochaev takardar" jaridar "Rasha Standard", "hadiri", "kararrawa", "Veche". Black Ɗari jam'iyyar farkon XX karni ciyar ra'ayoyi a irin manyan jaridu a matsayin "Kievlyanin", "Moscow News", "haske", "Citizen".

Congress, a birnin Moscow

Kungiyar gudanar da wani majalisa a Moscow a watan Oktoba 1906. Yana zabe shugaba da kuma majalisa sun shiga duk Black Daruruwan, samar da wani "United Rasha mutane." Duk da haka, su ci ba a zahiri faru. Organization a shekara daga baya suka daina wanzuwa.

Dole ne in ce cewa sanyata ideas reactionaries (as batutuwa tattauna kafofin watsa labaru da kuma} ungiyoyin na shirin) sun kafa al'umma mai ra'ayin rikau. A bukatar majalisar da kuma wakilin cibiyoyin a general sun babba shawara. Black Daruruwan - jam'iyyar wanda shirin da aka kayyade kawai a general sharuddan. Saboda haka, kazalika ga sauran dalilai, wadannan kungiyoyi sun ba mai yiwuwa.

Black Ɗari Jam'iyyar: Shirin

Ka'idar "hukuma kasa" shi ne tushen da shirye-shirye na wadannan kungiyoyi. Ta aka zabi SS Uvarov, ministan ilimi, ko da a cikin 1st rabin karni na 19th. Wannan ka'idar da aka bisa ga dabara "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Kasa." Autocracy da Orthodoxy gabatar asali Rasha asalin. A karshe kashi na dabara, "al'umma", ya fahimci matsayin sadaukar da mutane biyu na farkon. Black-Ɗari jam'iyyun da kuma kungiyoyin bi zuwa Unlimited autocracy a kasar ta ciki da al'amura na na'urar. Ko da jihar Duma, abin da ya bayyana a lokacin juyin juya halin na 1905-07. Su dauke shawarwari jiki ga sarki. Dauke da fitar da sake fasalin a kasar da suka tsinkaya a matsayin m, kuma ba zai yiwu ba m. A lokaci guda a cikin shirye-shirye na wadannan kungiyoyi (misali, da NRC) ayyana 'yancin aikin jarida, jawabin, addini, jam'iyya, taron jama'a, inviolability na mutum, da sauransu. D.

Game da agrarian shirin, ta kasance uncompromising. The Black Daruruwan ba su yarda za su yarda da. Su ba su gamsu da wani zaɓi na m kwata na gonaki ƙasar. Sun miƙa wa sayar da manoma na jihar-mallakar wõfintattu ƙasa, kuma ya ci gaba da bashi tsarin da kuma haya.

yar jam'iyyar kadet Kisa

Black Ɗari jam'iyyar farkon XX karni lokacin juyin juya halin (1905-07.) An kiyaye a cikin mafi yawan gwamnatin bi a siyasa. Sun kashe mutane biyu na kwamitin tsakiya na jam'iyyar yar jam'iyyar kadet - GB Yollos da MJ Herzenstein. Kuma ya da sauran su ne abokan hamayyar siyasa, sun kasance masu sassaucin ra'ayi, Yahudawa da tsohon Jihar Duma wakilai,. Musamman fushi reactionaries sa Gertsenshtein farfesa, wanda ya yi magana a kan agrarian tambaya. Ya aka kashe Yuli 18, 1906 a Terioki. Mahalarta na "Union of Rasha Mutane" da aka daure a cikin al'amarin. Wannan Polovnev A., N. Yuskevich-Kraskovsky, E. da Larichkin Aleksandrov. A farko uku da aka yanke masa hukumcin domin hada baki da kuma bai wa 6 shekaru, da kuma Alexander samu 6 watanni ga wani abu da aka ba sanar da game da shirya laifi. Alexander Kazantsev, artist da kisan kai, an da kansa ya kashe a wannan lokaci, don haka ba ya bayyana a kotu.

Black Daruruwan rasa tasiri

Black Daruruwan - jam'iyyar wadda juyin juya halin da ya kasa zama guda siyasa karfi, duk da wasu nasarorin. Its wakilan sami ikon samun isasshen yawan sãshensu waliyyai a sassan ayyukan, kabilu Rasha al'umma. Amma da membobin wannan yunkuri sun kafa kansu da m leftist jam'iyyun da kuma ra'ayoyin masu sassautan m da'ira, suka yi tasiri a lokacin. Ko da wani ɓangare na m majiɓantansu daga cikin magoya bayan na sarki kishin kasa kuma tayar da su.

Firgita da episodic tashin hankali da kuma m rhetoric na Black Daruruwan, derzhavniki da suke a iko, da bambancin kabilu gan kusan babban barazana ga jihar. Sun kasance iya shawo Nicholas II, da sympathizer "masõya", kazalika da kotun da'ira na da bukatar kau da kai daga wannan yunkuri. Wannan kara raunana Black Daruruwan a fagen siyasa a kan Hauwa'u na abubuwan da suka faru na 1917. A yakin duniya na farko kuma gudummawar da weakening na motsi. Ta tafi a kan masu sa kai, da yawa gwagwarmaya da kuma talakawa mambobi ne na Black Daruruwan. Mu ne sha'awar da motsi a cikin juyin juya halin na 1917, da shekara bai taka muhimmiyar rawa. Black Daruruwan - jam'iyyar, da saurã daga wanda aka ruthlessly halaka bayan nasarar da Bolsheviks, wanda ya ga a kasa barazana ga Soviet tsarin.

Haramcin kungiyoyi da al'adar su mambobi

Black Ɗari kungiyar bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin da aka dakatar. Suka zauna kawai partially a wani boye matsayi. Mutane da yawa shahararren shugabannin a lokacin yakin basasa, shiga da motsi fari. Da zarar gudun hijira, sun soki da ayyukan Rasha emigres. Wasu fitattun wakilan wannan yunkuri sun shiga kan lokaci ta kasa kungiyoyi.