Avetik Isahakyan: biography da ayyukansu

Famous Armenian mawãƙi Avetik Isahakyan bar mai girma da wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu, wanda shi ne har yanzu a farkon karni na 20th, ya zama samuwa ga Rasha-magana da masu karatu, a cikin fassarar da Alexander Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin kuma Pasternak. Babu kasa ban sha'awa shi ne, labarin da ransa, wanda a cikin shekaru na Tarayyar Soviet da aka gabatar da su ga jama'a a hankali edited form. A musamman, ko 20-30 shekaru da suka wuce, ko da a Armenia kanta, 'yan mutãne sun san cewa da lashe Stalin Prize na farko digiri a 1921, ya dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin kungiyar "Operation Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: A Biography (yara)

A mawãƙi aka haife shi a 1875 a Alexandropol Erivan lardin (Rasha daular, a yanzu Gyumri, Armenia). Mahaifinsa - Sahak Isahakyan - shi ne dan baƙi daga Tsohon Bayezid, wanda a 1828 aka tilasta su bar gidansa da kuma tafi tare da mãsu bãyar da bãya sojojin Rasha a Shirak kwarin.

Kamar yadda wani yaro, kadan Avo ilimi kaka da mahaifiyarsa Almast. Kamar yadda ya sau da yawa jawabin da daga baya, da suka yake a gare shi da manufa na Armenian patriarchal mace, rashin iyaka duqufar da iyalinsa, kuma suna son su jimre dukan wata wahala da saboda ta ci gaba. Daga su ya ji yawa tãtsũniyõyin Legends, wanda ya zama tushen da mafi kyau ayyukan da aka rubuta da shi.

Nazarin a Seminary

Da farko ayoyi Avetik Isahakyan fara rubuta a shekaru 11. Ba da da ewa iyalinsa ya tafi a kan aikin hajji a St. Echmiadzin, inda ya gana da dalibai na sanannun a ko'ina cikin Kirista Gabas Gevorgyan Seminary. Ko da yake saurayi ilimi a yarda da shi auku ƙofar jarrabawa, da ma'aikata da ake bukata da management to sallama da takardun for firamarensa, wanda ba su kasance Isahakyan. Sa'an nan da mahaifansa biyu da aka rika aika dansa zuwa makaranta don a shekara a Archa sufi. Akwai Avetik nuna babban himma, da kuma mayar da su zuwa Echmiadzin a 1889, aka soma nan da nan a cikin 3 seminary aji.

Kamar sauran 150 daliban da suka zo daga sassa daban daban na gabashi da yammacin Armenia a 1891 Avetik Isahakyan dauki bangare a cikin dalibi tarzoma. Daya daga cikin bukatun da matasa, suka ki halartar laccoci, ya 'yantar da su daga su alwashi mirootrecheniya hani sadarwar da bare, sai dai da riqo na wuccin iyali ziyara. Ba da ciwon nasu, da yawa dalibai na tsakiyar azuzuwan, ciki har da a nan gaba daga cikin shahararrun mawãƙi, bar seminary.

nazarin kasashen waje

The ilmi tsiwirwirinsu, a cikin seminary, inda ban da tauhidin batutuwa da yawa da hankali da aka biya ga koyarwar waje harsuna, sun taimaka Avetiku Isaakyanu a cikin tafiya ta Turai, a lokacin da daga 1892 zuwa 1895, ya yi karatu falsafa da kuma Anthropology, a Jami'ar Leipzig. Sai saurayin ya je zuwa Geneva, inda ya halarci laccoci na G. V. Plehanova, wanda ya yi babban alama a kan shi.

Hada hannu da darajõji daga "Dashnaktsutiun"

Lokacin da ya koma zuwa Eastern Armenia, Avetik Isahakyan yanke shawarar ya kebe kansa ga gwagwarmayar siyasa. Tare da wannan, ya shiga rukunin doka a kan ayyukan da ƙasa na Rasha Empire, daya daga cikin tsofaffin Armenian jam'iyyun siyasa "Dashnaktsutyun". Ya fafatukar ya ba su tafi ba a gane shi, kuma a cikin 1896 da mawãƙi aka kama shi kuma ya ciyar a shekara a kurkuku, Erivan, bayan da ya aka fitar da su Odessa.

Samu izinin tafiya kasashen waje, ya koma Zurich, inda ya saurari laccoci a kan adabi da kuma tarihi na falsafa a gida jami'a. Duk da haka Isaakyan iya ba zauna dogon daga gida, da kuma mayar da su zuwa Alexandroupoli a 1902, a sake zama da hannu a cikin juyin juya halin Musulunci gwagwarmaya da tsarist gwamnati. Ta bukaci gabansa a Tbilisi, inda mawãƙi aka kama a sake a 1908 da kuma 6 watanni aka aika zuwa Metekhi kurkuku tare da wakilan da Armenian kawo dukkan.

Rayuwa a gudun hijira

Tabbatar da ganin cewa Isaakyan ba zama "re-ilimi", hukumomi sun yanke shawarar a kan kore shi daga ƙasar Rasha Empire. A 1911, da mawãƙi aka tilasta su bar kasar da kuma zaunar da su a Jamus. A farkon yakin duniya na farko, ya kasance musamman damuwa game da wuri na Armenia a Turkey, inda gwamnatin kasar da ake zargi da goyon bayan Rasha. A lokaci guda hõre zalunci da kuma Rikicin A raba, ko da mazaunan yankunan da suke a nesa na dubban kilomita daga gaban line.

Domin hana kisan kiyashin Isaakyan da Johannes Lepsius da Paulem Rorbahom, shirya da Jamus-Armenian Society, wanda ya zana Yammacin hankali a kan Halin da Kiristocin Gabas. Duk da haka, duk wani yunkurin hana kisan kiyashin kasance m, da kuma a 1915 Jamus ta masõya - Sun Turks - sun samu nasarar aiwatar da daya daga cikin main manufofin - kwata 'yanci na Yammacin Armenia daga cikin' yan qasar yawan ta hanyar da kisan kare dangi.

Avetik Isahakyan: rawa a cikin aiki "Nemesis"

Ko da yake bayan karshen yakin duniya na farko, Turkey kanta ya yi Allah wadai da shirya da kisan kiyashi da kuma yanke masa hukuncin baya nan zuwa wasu, ciki har da daya memba na gwamnati "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, to mutuwa, mafi yawansu ba su zauna lafiya a Turai. A shekara ta 1919, wani gungun 'yan "Dashnaktsutyun" hau kan wani fansa shirin. Su aiki "Nemesis", wanda ya nuna zahirin halakar shirya na aiwatar da kisan gillar da aka ɓullo da. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich dauki aiki bangare a shi.

Bisa ga kiyaye rubuta records, shi ne ba kawai farauta saukar da yan gudun hijira a Jamus na Turkish laifi, amma kuma da yardar ransa ya zama na biyu maharbin, wanda aka harbe Talaat Pasha, idan Soghomon Tehliryan rasa. Kisan kai da tsohon ministan harkokin na Turkey da aka gudanar a ranar 15 ga watan Maris 1921 a Berlin. A wannan yanayin, da tsangwama Isahakian ba bukata, amma a Jamus kotu, juya a cikin wani irin Nuremberg Trial na mladoturkskimi laifi wanke Armenian ramuwa.

Koma daga zaman talala,

A cikin rabi na biyu na thirties na karshe karni, da Soviet jihar ya zama mafi proactive a dawo da Tarayyar Soviet na shahararren masana. Daga cikin wadanda suka yi alkawarin cikakken goyon baya ga mahaifarsa, kuma ya Avetik Isahakyan, wanda ya magana a cikin Turai tura a cikin goyon bayan da yawa tunanin da matasa jihar. Ya koma zuwa Yerevan a 1936 da kuma an zabe shugaban Armenian Writers 'Union da Tarayyar Soviet, Academician na Academy of Sciences, kuma a Republican memba na Majalisar Koli. Mawãƙi mutu a 1957, aka binne shi a cikin pantheon na birnin Yerevan.

halittar

Babban abu ne abin da aka sani Avetik Isahakyan - waqe game da Mahaifa, mahaifiyata, game da nauyi rabo daga cikin talakawa ma'aikacin da ya nema a gare yanci. Mutane da yawa a cikin mawãƙi da o, wanda aka daraja ga soyayya da wata mace da mahaifiyarsa.

Abin lura poetic retellings na Legends rubuta ta da shi, kamar "mahaifiyarka zuciya" ( "Mor Sirte"). Avetik Isahakyan a cikin wannan aiki ya gaya labarin wani saurayi, daga wanda m kyakkyawa bukatar wani alama na soyayya, da zuciya mahaifiyarsa. Bayan da yawa jinkirin, da rikice saurayi ya aikata wani request lover, kuma ya kashe da mace ke yi da shi zuwa ga haske. Lokacin da ya rushes ya ƙaunataccen, to, shi za su yi tuntuɓe, amma zuciyar shi da uwarsa a hannunsa ce: "My matalauta yaro, ka ba m da kanka?"

Yanzu da ka san yadda da wuya rayuwar Avetik Isahakyan. Poems a Armenian, halitta shi, ya ji dukan makarantu a mahaifarsa, da kuma taimaka maza da mata koyi da tsofaffin hikimar mutane, saye da poetic form.