A tsarin da wani fern. Tsarin fasali na fern

Ferns ne wani tsoho kungiyar na mafi girma spore shuke-shuke da cewa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin samuwar kwal a duniya. Wannan shi ne na farko real leafy kwayoyin. A tsarin da wani fern, musamman a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar da kuma rarraba a yanayi da za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Features na tsarin ferns

Matsayin mai mulkin, da ferns ne 'yan qasar zuwa gandun daji na temperate sauyin yanayi zone. Jikinsu yana sanya na modified kuɓuta, located karkashin kasa - rhizome. Sama da ƙasa kawai bayyane ganye. Wannan ne waje tsarin da wani fern. A makirci kasa misalta da yanayin leaf tsari. Yana a fili ya nuna cewa wani babban axis bi da bi a haɗe tilas, kuma zuwa gare su - kai tsaye lamina.

Karkashin kasa tsarin fern wakilta a matsayin mai tsarin na adventitious Tushen cewa mika daga modified katako tserewa.

Amma m siffofin fern ba ya son su zamani dangi. Tare da ganye da suka kasance kananan Bishiyoyi da giant itatuwa, kai wani tsawo na dama dubun mita.

rai sake zagayowar

Fern waje tsarin dabam lokaci zuwa lokaci. Ta yaya ne wannan zai yiwu? The abu ne, cewa, a cikin rãyuwar ferns da kasance ƙarnõni canzawar tsari: jima'i (gametophyte) da kuma asexual (sporophyte). Suka sãɓã wa jũna a cikin Hanyar haifuwa, ci gaba, da kuma yawan gagarumin morphological fasali.

sporophyte

Asexual tsara fern ne a kore tsirrai masu ganye. Yana da muke amfani da su gani a cikin dazuzzuka. Kamar yadda irin wannan, da fern (photo kasa ya nuna da sporophyte), akwai wani m wani ɓangare na da rai sake zagayowar. A kan underside da ganyen da shuka ana shirya sporangia - gabobin da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu. Su suna tattara a cikin na musamman Tsarin - Sori. Su sel sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, wanda ake kira spores.

gametophyte

Da zarar a cikin ƙasa, kuma germinating spores ba Yunƙurin zuwa jima'i tsara. Irin wannan gametophyte da kuma sa sosai halaye daban-daban da kuma tsarin da wani fern. Yana yana da wani ra'ayi na wani lebur kore ruwa, wanda a kan lokaci daukan nau'i na zuciya. By ƙasa gametophyte ne a haɗe amfani rizoizov. Wadannan thread-kamar samuwar a cikin bayyanar, da kuma ayyuka kama da tushen da shuke-shuke, amma ba samar da kyallen takarda. Jima'i ƙarni na ferns ne bisexual. Tsari gamete Fusion mai yiwuwa ne kawai a gaban ruwa. A sakamakon haka ne zygote - kwan da ya hadu. Tasowa, shi ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa tayi, da kuma kara da adult shuke-shuke. karo na farko da matasa sporophyte ne ba su iya photosynthesis, don haka da ikon ne saboda da jima'i tsara kore farantin. Tare da ci gaba da zargin da ikon photosynthesize adult leafy shuka fara aiki dabam- dabam.

A iri-iri na ferns

A halin yanzu, da systematics masana kimiyya ƙidaya game da 10,000 jinsunan membobin wannan sashen. Daga cikin mafi kowa ruwa fern ne Salvinia. Wannan inji gudãna, a kan ruwa surface da kuma bayyanar shi ne sosai kama da algae. Tare da Marsiglius da azolla Salvinia iyo wakiltar wani rukuni heterosporous ferns. Wadannan ne na hali ruwa shuke-shuke.

Duk da haka, a mafi yawan lokuta fern (photo nuna wani perennial shuka) - a gandun daji mazauni. Kuma mafi yawansu ba su - wakilan ravnosporovyh kungiyar. A mafi kowa wadanda suke talakawa Bracken, lady-fern, Dryopteris namiji millipede talakawa. Yana da game da irin wadannan fern ne har yanzu a kyakkyawan tsoho labari. Idan dare a kan wani biki Ivana Kupala sãmun sami a cikin dazuzzuka ne a flowering shuka, ba za ka iya saya ban mamaki damar iya yin komai. Alal misali, don fahimtar harshen wani dabba. Wannan kyakkyawan labari ya tashi domin babu wanda ya taba ganin wani fern fure. Kakanninmu ba su sani ba cewa shi ne kawai zai yiwu ba, saboda da tsire-tsire ba ta samar da wani spore furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa.

A wurare masu zafi da gandun daji, akwai wasu jinsunan itace ferns. Kamar dukan mafi girma spore shuke-shuke, da suka fi son danshi, don haka girma tare kõguna da waɗansu kõguna. Sau da yawa sosai a cikin wadannan wurare thickets na wurare masu zafi da ferns samar da wata real Jungle.

Ma'ana pteridophytes

Yana da waje tsarin da wani fern da siffofin halin yanzu sanya wannan shuka daya daga cikin rare ornamental shuke-shuke. An yadu amfani ga gyara shimfidar wuri na daban-daban shimfidar wurare da kuma yankuna. Ko houseplants magoya sun dogon duba a hankali a daban-daban na ferns for kore gidaje, Apartments da kuma daban-daban da wurin.

A yanayi, wadannan tsire-tsire ne da wani ɓangare na da yawa kunsa, ƙwarai kara da biomass.

Duk da haka, mafi muhimmanci a cikin samuwar ferns da matukar muhimmanci ma'adanai - kwal. A zamanin da, duk spore shuke-shuke sun giant itatuwa. Daga su matattu kututturan a high matsa lamba da kuma rashin oxygen da kuma ci kafa. Masana kimiyya, masana binciken burbushin halittu har yanzu samu a cikin yadudduka wannan abu burbushin ragowar tsoho spore shuke-shuke.

Great darajar da ferns a magani. Alal misali, rhizomes Dryopteris namiji nuna karfi sosai anthelminthic mataki. Amma maidenhair (lady ta gashi) Yanã da wani gag reflex, alhãli kuwa ba irritating da mucous membranes. Ya aikata, kuma a matsayin laxative da diuretic. Moonwort sauki ya dade da aka yi amfani da matsayin maganin guba domin cizon maciji. A Tibet magani ne yadu amfani Santifidi budurwa. Daga shi nuna zafi kisan gillar da tari magunguna.

A tsarin da fern ne mafi fitattu kuma na ci gaba a cikin dukan mafi girma spore shuke-shuke. A ta rayuwa sake zagayowar predominates sporophyte. A zamani ferns sukan gabatar herbaceous rayuwa siffofin cewa zauna da muhimmanci alkuki a da dama ta kunsa.