Mene ne metastatic ciwon daji? M marurai metastases

Cancer da aka kira Sarkin cututtuka. By yawan mutuwar , sai ya ɗauki 2nd wuri a duniya statistics. Mutane suna tsoron da ganewar asali "ciwon daji", mugi da kalmar "metastasis." Amma ba duk da cewa sharri. Modern magani ya dade hana ra'ayi na wani m cutar. Mene ne wani "ciwon daji" da kuma cewa irin wannan metastases a daji? Bari mu bincika.

Cancer - wani m ƙari?

Sau da yawa, kowane m ƙari yana dauke da wani ciwon daji. Wannan sunan da aka shiga a cikin Hippocrates magani cewa ƙari bayyanar tunãtar da kaguwa ( "karkinos" a Greek). Saboda haka sankara, ko cancer. Don gane abin da mai metastasis a ciwon daji, kokarin bayyana kawai da cewa shi ne ciwon daji.

Tunanin cewa a cikin jiki daga wasu mugunta talakawa kyau cell ba zato ba tsammani ya juya a cikin wani dodo, wanda shi ne zagaye, maimakon elongated jiki, mahara tsakiya da kuma da dama sauran maye gurbi. Wannan dodo ya fara ba dama rabo, an samar da nasu irin dodanni. Saboda haka don samun na farko ƙari. Good Kwayoyin a cikin lamba tare da makwabta, da kuma "gani" cewa wuri ne kananan, daina rarraba. Wannan ake kira lamba hanawa. Our dodo ba da amsa. Suka samar da zũriyarta yana sanya matsa lamba a kan makwabtanta, haddasa su korau canje-canje. Bugu da ƙari, dodo ya zama kusan m, kamar yadda aka tsara a cell mutuwa halitta (ko apoptosis), ya bayyana yanzu sosai talauci. Ga ta nan gaba da girma dodanni Kwayoyin ta da ƙari girma na sabon jini, kuma don kariya daga gonarsu musamman gubobi da cewa kashe jiki ta data kasance anti-ƙari rigakafi. su ma san yadda za ta rũɗar da kuma elude immunokontrol cell kisa T Kwayoyin.

Mene ne wani "metastasis"?

Tun da ƙari bayyananne. Ya zauna a ƙara cewa dodo Kwayoyin iya bayyana a cikin jiki a ko'ina, a wani sashin jiki. Sun bar ba yara kuma manya, amma fiye da na kowa a cikin wadanda a kan 50. Za mu yi kokarin fahimtar abin da metastasis na ciwon daji. The iyali da dodanni na karuwa, kuma sannu a hankali yada, iya shiga cikin m gabobin (shiyya metastases). Haka kuma, suna bukatar su kama dukan jiki, wanda mutant Kwayoyin cire daga uwa tasa ta ilimi, a cikin jini da kuma / ko Lymph kuma tare da su a halin yanzu ɗauke da jiki na haƙuri (m metastases).

A cikin farko idan aka kira su hematogenous da lymphatic biyu. A cikin sabon wuri-mutant Kwayoyin suna gyarawa, da kuma duk abin da aka maimaita. Wannan tsari shine ake kira metastasis a magani. Wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa shi zai fara nan da nan bayan da ya faru na farko da ƙari, yayin da wasu - kawai bayan miƙa mulki na cuta a cikin marigayi, saukarwa. Duk da haka wasu yi imani da cewa metastasis fara nan da nan, amma ba koyaushe ci gaba nan da nan. Wannan shi ne abin da ake kira dormant metastases, wanda rinjayar da bayyanar m oncological magani.

matakai na ciwon daji

Uniform rarrabuwa na ciwon daji, saukarwa akwai, amma mafi masana bãyukansu TNM tsarin. Akwai rarrabe, saukarwa:

• Wannan - ƙari a asibiti jarrabawa ne ba tukuna m.
• Tis - ba tare da metastasis, wato, yana zaune a ƙasa.
• T1 - kusan kamar baya mataki. A wannan mataki, da magani ne yawanci nasara. Sai dai matsalar - mataki na farko na ciwon daji za a iya gano kawai kwatsam ko musamman safiyo.
• T2 - da ciwon daji ya metastasized, amma shi ne yankin. A hasashen nan ne quite m, ko mafi hadaddun.
• T3 - ba yawa daban-daban daga T2. Wasu masana sun yi imanin, a wannan mataki, sai dai da yankin naúrar ne m metastases. Alamun a cikin na uku mataki iya Heart da mãsu fakowa zafi, sa shi wuya a gane asali. Kullum, 3 mataki na ciwon daji, kamar wani, aka ƙaddara siddan. Ga kowane jiki a nan na da sharudda da kansa asibiti hoto.
• T4 - karshe mataki, a cikin abin da metastasis yada biyu dab da kuma a kan m gabobin. Marasa lafiya haka fuskantar ciwo mai tsanani, wani rauni, rasa nauyi. Yawanci, ciwon daji sa da mutuwar 4 digiri da metastases. Yadda yawa live a irin wannan marasa lafiya, ba shi yiwuwa ya amsa daidai. A hoto posted a kasa ya nuna da ƙari alamomi na metastasis.

metastatic mataki

A metastasis na da sikelin, denoted da wasika M. A lura akwai kawai yarda da m ilimi.

• MX - metastases ne ba a sani ba, tun da karatu ba a gudanar.
• Mo - m ƙari samuwar ba a samu;
• M1 - gano gaban m metastases.

Saboda haka, Kalmar "metastasized 4 digiri" yana nufin 4-th ikon ciwon daji.

Wadannan faruwa sakandare ƙari samuwar iya zama cikakken ko'ina a cikin jiki, amma mafi sau da yawa rinjayar da hanta, kwakwalwa, huhu, da kashi da nama da kuma m nama. Lokacin da ciwon daji na ciki, kwai, pancreas, ciwon da kuma igiyar ciki metastases ne kuma zai yiwu a cikin peritoneum.

Mene ne babban kasadar ciwon daji?

Amsar wannan tambaya na abin da wani metastasis a daji, ba zai zama cikakken idan ba ka ce wannan ba haka yawa da primary ƙari ne m m, kamar yadda ta yankin da kuma musamman da m sakandare foci. Wannan yanayin da aka kira metastatic ciwon daji. Ya o ƙarin da karfi da m majiyai, wanda shi ne sau da yawa babban dalilin haƙuri da tafiya zuwa ga likita. Wannan ciwon daji ne m, yafi saboda da wahala a gane sarrafawa na metastases, abu don bai cika lura da aikin tiyata da kuma radiotherapy. Kawai jiyyar cutar sankara (amfani da kwayoyi), da kuma hormone-immunotherapy metastases shafi duk a lokaci daya, amma, da rashin alheri, shi ne sau da yawa na da irin wannan magani bai isa ba.

kintace

Sun kai tsaye dogara ne a kan tsari a cikin abin da sashin jiki metastases. Abin da ya rage live haƙuri, kuma ya dogara a kan janar jihar da kwayoyin, da kuma wurin da farko na ƙari daga magani wanda za a iya za'ayi. Idan ba ka yi wani abu, mutum rayuwar da aka lasafta ta watanni, daga 1 zuwa 6. Idan ka yi kokarin samun tabbatacce hali da kuma mai karfi da sha'awar shawo kan cutar, rayuwa Hasashen na karuwa muhimmanci. Saboda haka, a lokacin da multifaceted magani daga metastases a cikin huhu da marasa lafiya rayu har zuwa shekaru 10, da kuma a cikin hanta - har zuwa shekaru 5. A mafi unseemly dauke kwakwalwa metastases. Wannan shi ne saboda da bayani dalla-dalla na jiki da kuma wahala a dauke da fitar da yawa daga cikin halin yanzu da aka sani da hanyoyin magani. A mafi m hangen nesa da cutar - rayuwa game da 2 years. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu a lokacin tiyata bi ta radiation da hadaddun magani.

Ko zai yiwu a kauce wa cutar daji?

Wannan tambaya ne ban sha'awa, watakila, kowa da kowa. Research Institute of Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe na Oncology gudanar da dubban nazarin to ya kwana da hanyar salula maye gurbi. Babban ciwon daji-haddasa a wani sashin jiki, masana kimiyya koma cin abinci dauke da Carcinogens, wani irin radiation (radiation, ultraviolet da haske, da sauransu), da wasu ƙwayoyin cuta (misali, papilloma), kwayoyin predisposition, m danniya da kuma m salon. Akwai takamaiman abubuwan. Saboda haka, shi ne ya lura da cewa huhu ciwon daji ne mafi kowa a Club fiye da wadanda ba smokers, da kuma ciwon daji na hanta da kuma ciki - barasa zagi. Saboda haka, ban da wadannan dalilai daga rayuwa, mu rage hadarin cutar. Amma har a cikin hali na fi karfinsu ganewar asali ba zai iya ba a fid da zuciya. A zamanin yau, ko da mataki 3 ciwon daji aka bi da quite nasara. Babban abu ba za a kuskure tare da ganewar asali.

bincikowa da

Daya daga cikin m siffofin da wani m ƙari ne a farkon matakai shi ne kusan taba nuna wani bayyanar cututtuka. Banda shi ne ciwon daji na fata da kuma sauran gabobin, a cikin abin da ƙari samuwar za a iya gani gani. Wani alama ne cewa bayyanar cututtuka da ciwon daji da kuma sauran cututtuka masu kama. Su ne:

• gajiya.
• nauyi asara.
• rashin ci.
• bayyana ne kwatsam like da kumburi.
• wuce kima sweating.
• anemia.

Idan ka fuskanci wadannan cututtuka kamata ganin likita-oncologist suka rike asibiti jarrabawa (palpation na m sites, X-haskoki, likita tarihi). Domin a more m ganewar asali, shi ne kyawawa don samun a cikin Cancer Center, inda suka yi wani yawan nazarin: X-ray, MRI, CT scans, endoscopy, biochemical jini gwaje-gwaje da kuma nazarin oncomarkers biopsy.

Alamun metastasis iya zama:

• kara girman Lymph nodes.
• tari, huhu metastasis.
• kara girman hanta.
• metastases a kashi - zafi a cikin wata gabar jiki, m samu karaya.
• a cikin kwakwalwa - da dama neurological matsaloli, Heart hangen nesa, daidaituwa, ji, jawabin, seizures.

Ganewar asali ne guda a matsayin cewa na farko siffofin maruran.

magani

Mai ciwon daji marasa lafiya bi da a cikin al'umma. Duk da haka, idan shi ne zai yiwu, yana da kyawawa don bayyana cutar da za a yi nazari a cikin tarayya ciwon daji cibiyar, inda a can ne mafi m kayan aiki da kuma high-matakin kwararru aiki a kan sabuwar fasahar. A Moscow, shi ne cibiyar da Blokhin Oncology, kuma Cancer Institute mai suna bayan Herzen. Don samun can iya wani dan kasa na Rasha, bayan shan shugabanci daga likita da ka sanya wani wa'adi. A St. Petersburg, shi ne na Research Institute of Oncology mai suna Petrov.

Wadannan cibiyoyin gudanar da wani m kau da ƙari, idan zai yiwu, da kuma gudanar da wadannan iri far:

• radiation (radiosurgery).
• jiyyar cutar sankara.
• rigakafi.
• gene (m tasiri magani ta fallasa da haƙuri ta kayyade kayan).