A iri-iri na shuke-shuke. Mene ne a shuka iri da bambancin

Peering fitar da taga ko kawai tafiya saukar da titin, za ka iya ba karshe sha'awan da kyau na halitta. Kuma duk wannan kyau da aka sanya m kawai shuke-shuke. Irin wannan iri-iri mai haske, m da kuma m, su kawai ajalinsa shãfe su, ji dadin su da dandano da yalwa sha'awan da ƙawa.

A bambancin da shuka kwayoyin

Oh, abin da akwai wani iri-iri na shuke-shuke. Total zuwa ranar, akwai kan 350.000 jinsunan wadannan na musamman halittun da yanayi. Dukan su ba daya suke ba a matsayin waje tsarin, da kuma a kan salon da ciki fasali.

A cikin kwayoyin duniya tsarin dauki dukan shuka mulkin. A sauki rarrabuwa daga wadannan kwayoyin za a irin wannan:

• m (jiki ne zuwa kashi gabobin, wannan algae da lichens).
• mafi girma (jiki ne zuwa kashi gabobin, sũ ne waɗanda cewa suna da wani tushe, kara da ganye).

Bi da bi, da shuka iri bambancin da mafi category aka nuna a cikin division cikin wadannan kungiyoyin:

1. Spore (mosses, ferns, horsetails, kulob din mosses).
2. Gymnosperms (conifers, Ginkgo, sagovnikovye).
3. Angiosperms, ko flowering shuke-shuke.

Kowace kungiya na da din azuzuwan, danginsu da kuma jinsi wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa iri-iri na shuke-shuke a wannan duniya tamu shi ne don haka mai girma.

rayuwa siffofin

Daya daga cikin manyan filaye a kan abin da wakilan da Flora bambanta da juna, shi ne bayyanar. Yana da wannan siffa daga cikin dalilin da rarrabuwa na rayuwa siffofin. Shuka bambancin za a iya gani, idan mun rarraba su a cikin kungiyoyin:

1. Bishiyoyi (conifers: Pine, spruce, fir da kamar; deciduous: Birch, itacen oak, poplar, apple, da dai sauransu).
2. Bushes (Lilac, Hazel, honeysuckle, da sauransu. D.).
3. Bushes (currants, ya tashi kwatangwalo, raspberries).
4. Shrubs (abinci mai ɗaci, Astragalus, eurotia, Salsola).
5. Semishrubs (lavender, Sage).
6. Grass (ciyawa mat, sedge, manta-ni, Sulemanu hatimi, furannin bi-rana, kuma haka a).

Wannan rarrabuwa rufe kawai mafi girma angiosperm shuke-shuke, na wanda mafiya yawa daga cikin duniya.

algae

A iri-iri na shuke-shuke, da dabbobi a cikin teku, da tekuna da kullum da aka ganin darajarsa ta duk masu bincike da kuma masoya na karkashin ruwa duniya. Kyau da kuma sabon abu, m, m da kuma defenseless, da suka sa har dukan duniya, ba gaba daya unexplored, don haka atawa da kuma m.

Abin da ake da wakilan da Flora samu a nan? Wannan algae da ruwa shuke-shuke, sa a cikin ruwa surface ko kura idon a ta mayar da ɓangare na kara.

Algae ya kasu kashi da dama sassan:

1. Blue-kore (msl, cyanobacterium).
2. Unicellular kore (chlamydomonas, Volvox).
3. Green kwayar (ulothrix, Spirogyra, Ulvi).
4. Kelp (fucus, kelp, Sargassum).
5. Red (porphyry radimeriya).

Babban bayãnin hukuncin fasali na wadannan shuke-shuke kunshi a gaskiyar cewa jikin su (a cikin kwayar wakilan) ba su rarraba a kan gabobin. An wakilta rhizoids da thallus, yin aiki da abin da aka makala ga substrate.

Flowering ruwa wasanni

A bambancin da shuka iri na ga mai ruwa-ruwa matsakaici ba a iyakance zuwa algae. Saboda haka da yawa kyau flowering wakilan yarda da ta girmamãwa, iyo a kan ruwa surface ko nitsewa cikin shi ne kawai wani sashi ba.

Wadannan sun hada da:

• daban-daban na ruwa furannin bi-rana.
• Calla.
• vodokras talakawa.
• bulrush.
• hippuris.
• loosestrife monetchaty.
• bakuncin;
• Bolotnitsa allura.
• manna.
• Urrutia ruwa.
• Siberian Iris.
• Ranunculus ruwa.
• Air fadama da yawa wasu.

Shuka bambancin gishiri da kuma sabo ruwa gawarwakin ne don haka mai girma da ka iya ƙirƙirar duka shimfidar wurare, duka biyu wucin gadi da na halitta. Mutane amfani da Flora yi ado aquariums, fasaha ado tafkunan da kuma sauran mutum-sanya kafofin.

spore

Wannan kungiyar hada game da 43 dubu. Iri daban-daban sassan na mafi girma shuke-shuke. Babban wadanda suke da wadannan:

• Bryophyta (mosses, hanta, antotserotovye, yada Moss).
• Lycopsids (mosses kulob din).
• Horsetail (Equisetum).

Babban alama - shi ne hanyar haifuwa, wanda rage samuwar qware Kwayoyin - spores. Har ila yau ban sha'awa shi ne cewa wadannan shuke-shuke rayuwa, dauke da fitar canzawar ƙarnõni a cikin ci gaban sake zagayowar: jima'i tsara asexual sporophyte gametophyte ana maye gurbin, kuma mataimakin versa. Irin wannan wakilan ba su iya flower da kuma siffar tsaba da 'ya'yan itatuwa, sabili da haka ya kasance a cikin category na spore. Su rai ne sosai a dogara a kan ruwa kamar kiwo ya auku ne kawai a wani gumi muhalli.

Wakilai da muhimmanci tattalin arziki muhimmanci, kuma suna yadu amfani ba kawai a cikin yanayi amma kuma a cikin rayuwar dan Adam. Ado, magani aikace-aikace ne da muhimmanci ga mutane.

coniferous

Conifers ne shuke-shuke da cewa suna da wadannan siffofin:

• da ganye suna modified cikin wani musamman allura-kamar siffar da ake kira "needles".
• rayuwa irin shuke-shuke - itatuwa da kuma shrubs.
• ciki tsarin cike da muhimmanci mai, resins da terpenes.
• tsaba suna kafa, amma akwai wani furanni abada.
• iri kewaye a cikin ma'aunan da Cones da kuma fallasa, Saboda haka wani sunan - Gymnosperms.

Jinsunan coniferous itatuwa sosai, game da 630. Suna yin babban taimako ga sauran bambancin da shuka duniya, suna da dogon-rayu da kuma muhimmanci nau'in bishiyoyi. A cewar wasu rahotanni, akwai Pine itatuwa, waxanda suke da fiye da 5000 da shekaru! A bayyanar coniferous enliven wani yanki, ni'ima kuma fascinates da ta girma. The fi na kowa iri sun hada da:

• Pine.
• cin;
• da itatuwan al'ul.
• larch.
• cypresses.
• biyar.
• Juniper.
• Yew.

Daya daga cikin manyan m fasali na wadannan tsire-tsire ne da cewa su ne Evergreen, kuma kada ku zubar da ganye a cikin hunturu da sanyi lokaci (tare da togiya - larch).

Flowering tsire-tsire, ko angiosperms

Wannan shi ne mafi girma daga duk yanzu da aka sani kungiyoyin na shuke-shuke, wanda aka kiyasta fiye da 280 dubu jinsunan. Babban alama - shi ne samuwar masu haihuwa sashin jiki na flower, wanda yana da wani musamman tsarin maida shi musamman domin haifuwa.

A flower toho, da kuma iri ana kafa, to, wanda aka kiyaye shi ta fetal nama. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wadannan shuke-shuke da ake kira angiosperms. Kansu furanni ne don haka bambancin a cikin bayyanar, siffar, launi corolla size cewa zai iya kawai mamaki da abin mamaki.

Babban muhimmanci da aka bai tsakanin flowering magani shuke-shuke. Suna taimakon mutane da kuma dabbobi da cututtuka daban-daban suna da wani tasiri a kan kusan dukkan jiki tsarin.

Nau'in na flowering m, don haka mun yi la'akari ne kawai da ya fi kowa iyali na biyu main azuzuwan - monocots da dicots.

1. Monocotyledons: hatsi (hatsin rai, alkama, hatsi, dawa, gero, masara), Lily (tulips, furannin bi-rana, takaddamarsu), albasa (albasa, tafarnuwa, perennial makiyaya ciyawa).
2. Bipartite: Rosaceae (fure, pear, plum, apples, raspberries, strawberries, ya tashi), malam, ko legumes (kirki ba, lupins, itacen ƙirya, waken soya, Peas, Clover, wake), cruciferous (kabeji, da fyade, mustard, horseradish , radish), nightshade (tumatir, ko da tumatir, barkono, nightshade, eggplant, petunia, da dai sauransu), Asteraceae (dandelions, daisies, cornflowers, sunflowers, uwa da uwar rana, da sauransu).

A iri-iri na flowering shuke-shuke ne don haka babban abin da suka rufe duk wannan labarin, ba shakka, ba zai yiwu ba. Bayan duk, kowane iyali a cikin daruruwa da dubban jinsin, yana da mutum halaye a cikin tsari da kuma bayyanar.

noxious tsire-tsire

Abin baƙin ciki, duk da irinta kyakkyawa da yawa shuke-shuke da karfi da mai guba Properties, watau su ne guba a cikin sãɓãwar launukansa yawa dauke da abubuwa da za su iya kamu da inna ko kashe mutane, da dabbobi, da dukan sauran iri halittu masu rai.

Tare da irin wannan wakilainsu su gabatar da yara to yara, domin su fahimci yadda zai iya zama haɗari a waje duniya. A iri-iri na shuke-shuke na da guba, shi ne babban isa, akwai dubban jinsin. Don sunan kawai 'yan kowa wakilan:

• snowdrop snow.
• Hyacinth gabas.
• kaka crocus.
• daffodils.
• amaryllis.
• Lily na kwari.
• poppy soporific.
• lamprocapnos.
• buttercup kowa.
• Iris.
• dieffenbachia.
• rhododendrons.
• oleanders da yawa wasu.

Babu shakka cewa wannan kungiyar za a iya dangana magani shuke-shuke. A ƙara kashi na wani magani iya zama guba.

carnivorous furanni

Ban sha'awa ta Hanyar wadata ne wasu daga cikin shuke-shuke na yammacin sahara da kuma ekweita na duniya. Su insectivorous da kuma buga ba dadi da kuma m ƙanshi da kuma fetid wari. The main iri:

• Venus flytrap.
• sundew.
• Nepenthes.
• Sarracenia.
• pemphigus.
• pinguicula.

Outwardly, su ne sosai ban sha'awa siffar da haske launi. Bã su da daban-daban sunadaran da na'urorin don yi garkuwa da digesting kwari da kuma kananan hakori.