Club mosses, horsetails, ferns tsarin da bambance-bambance. Kamar yadda mutum yana amfani da horsetails, kulob din mosses da ferns?

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns kungiyar dokoki na farko terrestrial shuke-shuke. Duk da cewa su tashi fiye da miliyan 400 da suka wuce, wadannan tsire-tsire zama fairly tartsatsi a wannan zamanin. A tsarin da kulob din mosses, horsetails da ferns, musamman su na rayuwa da kuma akanta za a tattauna a cikin labarin.

Fita shuke-shuke a ƙasar

Akwai ka'idar cewa duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, ciki har da shuke-shuke da cewa sun taso a cikin ruwa yanayi. Na farkon su shi ne algae. A tsawon lokaci, muhalli da yanayi ya canja muhimmanci, da kuma algae sun saba da daure dogon lokaci na fari. A sakamakon haka, da suka ba Yunƙurin zuwa na farko ƙasar shuke-shuke. Ko da a cikin wata makaranta hanya na o ferns, horsetails, kulob din mosses (aji 6) suna bi a matsayin mazauni zuwa ƙasar.

An dadaddun rukuni na farko ƙasar tsire-tsire ne wakilan da Sashen Rhyniophyta. Su low harbe da aka kwace na ganye da kuma forked rassan. Maimakon Rhyniophyta tushen da rhizoids a wadda a haɗe zuwa substrate.

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns - mafi girma spore shuke-shuke

Modern spore shuke-shuke da mafi hadaddun da nagartaccen tsarin. Club mosses, horsetails, ferns, kamar duk mambobi na wannan taxonomic kungiyar, kafa ta wadannan tsokoki. Saboda su bayyanar, kuma ya yiwu samun fili shuke-shuke. Tsokoki samar da gabobin: tushen da kuma sprout. Wannan bambanci daga ƙananan tsire-tsire cewa kunshi musamman Kwayoyin.

Sake bugun daga wadannan kwayoyin faruwa ta wajen sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, na sel - spores. Da zarar a cikin ƙasa, suka germinate.

A ra'ayi na rai sake zagayowar

All mafi girma spore shuke-shuke zo da wani hadadden rai sake zagayowar. Wannan shi ne lokacin tsakanin biyu m manzilõli, na ci gaba. Yana tabbatar da ci gaba da rayuwa a kan wani nau'in. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga spore shuke-shuke lura canzawar al'ummomi - jima'i da kuma asexual. wani lokaci su bambanta da juna a cikin bayyanar.

Shuka, a cikin abin da spores suna kafa, shi ne asexual tsara. An rinjãya a bryophytes. Yana tsiro daga spores mutum jima'i tsara - gametophyte. Babban bambancin kulob mosses, horsetails da ferns ne ta predominance.

La'akari da kowane daga cikin sassan na sama spore shuke-shuke a cikin mafi daki-daki.

sashen Lycopsida

Wannan Evergreen herbaceous shuke-shuke da girma a damp wurare. A mafi yawan lokuta, su ne perennial. Lycopodium ya rarrafe mai tushe cewa forked rassan. Suna saka a cikin wani karkace kananan ganye.

Tushen tsarin samar da ƙarin Tushen haskakawa kai tsaye daga tushe. ne flakes wanda aka modified ganye A shoot tips. Suna located jikin sake yiwuwar tohowarsu - sporangia.

Avilable horsetails

Modern iri horsetails ne ma a perennial ganye. Su halayyar alama ne bayyananne rabuwa da gudun hijira a nodes cewa suna a haɗe toothed ganye. A tushe, suka girma tare, forming wani irin farji. A nodes an shirya ilimi nama Kwayoyin, saboda wanda ci gaban da horsetail intercalated tsawo. Karkashin kasa rhizome jiki horsetails ne ma raba da interstices. photosynthesis aiki na wadannan shuke-shuke daukawa mai ribbed kara. Ciki shi ne da yawa cavities cika da ruwa da kuma iskar oxygen.

Sporophyte horsetails ne a kore harbe da cewa kama da kananan matasa pines. A gametophyte akwai dabam, kuma yana da wani nau'i na kore farantin. Daya daga cikin mafi kowa iri wannan sashen - horsetail - yana iri biyu harbe. A farko da aka kira da spring, shi ne ba su iya gudanar da photosynthesis kuma shi ne m spikelets. Summer, kore - vegetative.

Janar halaye na fern

Mene ne bambanci na horsetail ferns da gansakuka? Amsar a bayyane yake. Wannan sashen ne mafi yawa kuma bambancin, da kuma ta zamani wakilan da mafi rikitarwa tsarin fiye da horsetails da kuma kulob din mosses. Daga cikin 10,000 jinsunan samu a iyakancen lokaci, akwai kuma ganye da shrubs, da kuma itatuwa.

Group ravnosporovyh fern gabatar na cikin ruwa rayuwa - wannan Salvinia natans da marsilea quadrifolia. Su ne free zauna a farfajiya na jikin ruwa da kananan halin yanzu. A yammacin sahara kẽwayãwa ruwa fern azolla wanda Forms symbiosis da cyanobacteria, iya sha na yanayi nitrogen.

Heterosporous ferns girma a cikin m da kuma Inuwa gandun daji. Su hankula wakilan ne Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris namiji, lady-fern da sauran jinsunan.

Yana game da wadannan ban mamaki shuke-shuke da ke wani labari cewa ya samu a cikin Ivana Kupala dare fern flower za a bai wa wani ban mamaki kyauta - koyi ga fahimtar harshen dukan abubuwa masu rai. Duk da haka, daga cikin ra'ayi na nazarin halittun da cewa ba zai yiwu. Higher spore shuke-shuke, ciki har da ferns ba samar da furanni da kuma 'ya'yan itatuwa.

Kamar yadda mutum yana amfani da horsetails, kulob din mosses da ferns

Higher spore shuke-shuke da dogon shagaltar da wani alkuki a yanayi da mutum rayuwa. Ferns wani bangare ne na wani babban yawan shuka al'ummomi, ana amfani da su haifar da shimfidar da kuma kayan ado kamar yadda magani shuke-shuke. Amma mafi muhimmanci wajen shuke-shuke a cikin yanayi ne da samuwar m ma'adanai - kwal.

A zamanin da, duk da spore sun giant itatuwa. Otmiraya asallanta, a karkashin yanayi na oxygen karancin kuma babban matsin ƙasa yadudduka juya a cikin carbon.

Kamar yadda mutum yana amfani da horsetails, kulob din mosses da ferns, zaka iya tunanin misalin na magani. Dukansu suna da muhimmanci da magani shuke-shuke. Alal misali, horsetail yana hemostatic da diuretic. Daya daga cikin wakilan Sashen Lycopsida - Baranez talakawa - Ana amfani da a matsayin hanyar magance shan barasa.

A spores daga wadannan shuke-shuke sun dade da aka yi amfani da sarrafa daga pyrotechnics. A cikin Pharmaceutical masana'antu suna kuma amfani da kulob din mosses obsypaniya Allunan, kuma domin yi na baby foda.

Babban darajar da hakan spore shuke-shuke har yanzu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin samuwar kwal. Wannan shi ne mai muhimmanci da ma'adinai ajiya ya dade wani muhimmin tushen samar da makamashi, tun da babban adadin zafi a lokacin da kone su. Electric utilities a kasashe da dama dangane da wannan albarkatun kasa.

Saboda haka, kulob din mosses, horsetails, ferns ne a kungiyar na mafi girma spore shuke-shuke, waxanda suke yadu wakilta ma'adanai da kuma zamanin da jinsunan. Su ne na farko ya zo ƙasar, wanda aka sanya yiwu godiya zuwa fitowan da mafi m fasali na tsarin: tsokoki da kuma gabobin.