Brown algae: taƙaitaccen bayanin da sashen

Brown algae ne na lamba rukuni na shuke-shuke da cewa rayuwa da farko a marine ruwaye. Don kwanan wata, kawai takwas sani jinsunan, wanda a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta sun koma ruwa tare yanayin.

Sashen Kelp: jiki gini

Duk da mambobi na wannan sashen ne kwayar jiki - mulkin mallaka da kuma unicellular siffofin zama ba saukar. Amma ga size, za su iya zama sosai daban-daban - kamar fronds iya zama madubin, kuma isa mitoci da dama a tsawon. Known shekara-shekara marine shuke-shuke, amma akwai wadanda suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 18.

Idan muka magana game da siffar da kuma tsarin da thalli, akwai kuma bambancin mulki. tsiren ruwan teku jiki na iya kunshi filaments na faranti, bags, crusts ko kananan bushes. Don substrate ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali ko shuka via tafin kafa ko rhizoids tsarin.

Integument wakilta wani cell bango, wanda yawanci kunshi biyu yadudduka (uku yadudduka da kuma yana da wakilan). A matsanancin cover Layer kunshi gaske na pectin abubuwa da kuma ƙunshi sulfated polysaccharides. A ciki Layer dauke girma na cellulose zaruruwa.

Borax algae: sifar tantanin halitta

An muhimmanci halayyar din sel ne gaban plastids. A wakilan wannan rukuni na shuke-shuke, kowane cell ƙunshi manyan yawan kananan kyau-raya chloroplast. Plastids da hudu membrane. Yawanci, da m membrane na chloroplast membrane wuce a cikin endoplasmic reticulum ko tsakiya. Kamar yadda na chlorophyll, ga shi nan da aka gabatar da siffofin A, C1 kuma C2.

Bugu da kari, da plastids na algae ƙunshi fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin da beta-carotene, wanda shi ne ma wani muhimmin halayyar for Shuka Taxonomy.

A cell nucleus din daya ne kawai, ko da yake akwai wasu Multi-jinsunan. Babban samfurin ne kayayyakin hrizolaminarin cewa an ajiye a cikin na musamman vacuoles ko kamar yadda cytoplasmic granules.

Kelp da haifuwa

Wakilai daga wannan sashen za a iya karbe vegetatively, jima'i da kuma asexually. A mafi jinsin, cloning ne da za'ayi ta rarraba thallus. Amma, misali, ficus a kan tafin kafa na jiki akwai wani rukuni na musamman Kwayoyin cewa zai iya juya a cikin wani sabon thawed a lokacin da ake bukata.

Amma ga asexual tsari, mafi sau da yawa shi ne da za'ayi ta hanyar zoospores. Kawai 'yan jinsin haifa ta hanyar gyarawa na daya ko tetraspor. Af, zoospores da gametes - kadai nau'i na zama flagellates kelp.

Amma ga jima'i tsari, zai iya zama:

• Isogamous (maniyyi da kuma qwai ne guda size).
• Heterogamic (namiji da mace gametes da daban-daban gametes).
• Oogamnym (namiji gametes ne kananan da kuma mobile, yayin da mata oogonia zama na kullum da kuma daban-daban manyan size).

Around 80s na karni na 20th da aka gano wasu sinadarai secreted by jiki a lokacin jima'i algae ci gaba. Wannan bã kõme ba ne kamar pheromones, aiki koyo wanda yana zuwa wannan rana.

Kelp kuma mafi yawan sanannun wakilan

Daya daga cikin mafi yawan sanannun jinsin aka dauke sugar kelp, ko tsiren ruwan teku. A shuka yana da manyan dissected thawed, da tsawon wanda zai iya zama daga 1 zuwa 14 mita. A thallus gina up wata babbar adadin laminarin. Bugu da kari, tsiren ruwan teku yana dauke da wani m tushen na aidin. A wasu ƙasashe, wannan shuka ne horar da kuma rayayye amfani da salads da sauran jita-jita. Na Tal ma sa kwayoyi amfani da magani daga thyroid cututtuka.

A HALITTAR Sargassum ne ma yadu da aka sani, saboda shi ne saboda da naci, dogon thalli daga wadannan ruwa shuke-shuke Sargasso Sea a lokacin ba su da yawa m domin yin iyo.