A girmamawa wani mai suna Laptev Sea? Laptevy Dmitry da Khariton

Laptev Sea, photo, kuma bayanin da aka gabatar a cikin labarin nasa ne da tasa na Arctic Ocean. The tsanani yanayin da tẽku, kazalika da dukan Arctic ne ban sha'awa ga masu bincike domin da dama ƙarni. Amma a yau masana kimiyya iya ba a dogara da amsoshin tambayoyi da suka shafi sauyin yanayi da fasali, Flora da fauna da wannan m yankin. Ko da yake wasu lokaci da suka wuce, irin wannan matsaloli ze baro.

Laptev Sea a kan taswira

A cikin 1735-1742 shekara, ta hanyar kokarin da dogon hours na aikin da Rasha masu bincike, jihar bakin teku teku line aka alama a kan taswira. Alal misali, uwan Dmitry da Khariton, wanda aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Laptev Sea, kishin nazarin yankin ta shekaru masu yawa na rayuwarsa. Da yake a cikin sabis na Rasha ta sojan ruwa jiragen ruwa, sun kasance mambobi na grand kimiyya da bincike, wanda aka shirya da Bitrus I, da kuma zama da aka sani a matsayin mai girma Arewa Fe.

Yau, da teku iyaka kafa daidai, amma a farkon wannan wuya da kuma m aikin sa a cikin wadanda farkon shekaru, waɗannan su ne kwazo da mutane kamar Vitus Bering, da 'yan'uwa Laptev - Dmitry da Khariton, maniyyin Dezhnev da yawa daga cikin yan kasar.

Daga cikin West Sea wanke gabashin tudu da Severnaya Zemlya daga Arctic Cape zuwa babban yankin tekun na Khatanga Bay. A arewa teku iyakokin mika daga Arctic Cape zuwa arewacin gaba da tukunyar jirgi tsibirin. A gabashin teku ruwa ne a kan West Coast tsibiran tukunyar jirgi, Small da kuma Big Lyakhov Island. Sa'an nan iyaka ratsa cikin Straits na Sannikov da Dmitry Laptev.
Daga kudu, da teku iyaka gudanar tare arewacin gaba na Eurasia daga Cape Saint Hanci zuwa Khatanga Bay. Yana da wadannan Maritime iyaka bincika Laptev 'yan'uwa. Da bakinta kan iyakoki ne 5254 kilomita. Distance daga kudu maso gabashin bakin tekun da ke arewa maso yammacin - 1300 kilomita. Wannan ne mafi girma nuna alama daga cikin size daga cikin teku.

A tarihin bincike a cikin yankin

Ganin matsananci muhalli da yanayi na cikin teku Laptev, shi ne mai sauki zaton cewa aiwatar da binciko ruwanta matafiya da aka ba sauki da lafiya. Har ila yau, kai tuna cewa aikin ya fara a cikin XVIII karni - a lokacin da ci gaban da yawa sciences, t h da kuma kewayawa ya a cikin jariri ... A matakin Gwargwadon ilmi ya kuma ba sosai high.

An invaluable taimako ga kungiyar na karatu a arewacin tekun na Eurasia tare da tsawon da kuma tekuna na Arctic Ocean da jarumi matafiya. Mutane da yawa masu bincike suka shugabannin Rasha sojojin ruwa.

Brothers Dmitry da Khariton, wanda aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Laptev Sea, ya fara aiki a Navy a 1718, inda suka shiga a wani matasa shekaru midshipmen. By 1721, matasa an riga an sanya a cikin tushe. Fate hukunta cewa a wani lokaci a cikin rayuwar 'yan'uwa raba hanyoyi. Amma Dmitry da Khariton kasance ko da yaushe da aminci ga tẽku, da Rasha, sojojin ruwa, ba da sabis na mafi kyau shekaru ransa.
A 1734, Dmitriy Yakovlevich Laptev An gabatar a cikin Great Arewa Fe matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau jami'an na Rasha sojojin ruwa. Da suna kuwa ya faru mai girma cewa ya aka nada daya daga cikin mataimakansa na Vitus Bering, wanda aka nada a matsayin shugaban wannan manyan sikelin-taron.

Dmitry Laptev umurci kai wurin marigayin Captain "Irkutsk" jirgin ruwa. A da shi ya yi wani yunkurin gano bakin ruwayen tekuna kewaye da babban yankin daga bakin Lena je gabas. The balaguro da aka musamman m, tun a cikin shakka daga sanyi, scurvy da kuma sauran cututtuka kashe kusan dukan tawagar.
A watan Agusta 1736 "Irkutsk" a karkashin umurnin Dmitry Laptev, ya fito daga yankin Neja Delta na Lena River, ya sake a matsafai na kan tekuna. Amma bayan 'yan kwanaki na sailing na yi dakatar da jũya zuwa ga jirgin, a matsayin mai iko kankara katange hanyar bincike. Kyaftin, ba da gwaninta na baya balaguro, yanke shawarar ajiye rayuwar mutane, kuma ku ciyar da hunturu a kan ƙasar.

Kuma ban tausayi ãƙibar waɗanda suke matuƙan wanda a kan jirgin "Yakutsk" ya motsa daga bakin Lena River a yammacin shugabanci (ga nazarin marine sarari). Yanayi suna da irin wannan Dmitry Laptev kaina ya je St. Petersburg don umarnin alaka kara gano a yankin. Ya kuma yi wani shiri da aka shirya bayar da jagoranci, yanã fãtan fahimtar. A tabbatacce sakamako na balaguro ne mafi damu game da Rasha jami'in.

'yan'uwa Laptev

Saboda haka, a 1738, da 'yan'uwa sake fara bauta wa daya kowa hanyar. A cikin shawarwarin da wani dan uwan Laptev Hariton Prokofevich aka nada shugaban jirgin "Yakutsk" maimakon ya mutu a Pronchishchev balaguro.
A lokacin rani na 1739 ya fara da balaguro, wanda aka nufin ba kawai yana da wani binciken da na marine arewacin expanses, amma kuma wani kaya na jihar bakin teku yankunan. Saboda haka, a cikin abun da ke ciki da yawan sojojin, zuwa ta ƙasa.

Da ciwon da kyau-ɓullo da shirin aiwatar da aiki, jarumi kwazo tawagar a ƙasa, kuma, a cikin tẽku, Dmitriy Yakovlevich Laptev a 1741 a kan jirgin "Irkutsk" ya iya shawo kan nesa daga bakin Lena ga Kolyma. Hankali rike da bayanai samu, ya kasance baya a cikin kaka na 1742 a St. Petersburg.

Chariton Prokofievich ya gano bakin tekun, kuma tẽku yamma da bakin Lena. Great matsaloli da kuma zaman kansu da ya fuskanci detachment, wanda ya jagoranci Laptev. A bincike da kuma sahabbansa ba su daina har a lõkacin da suka yi hasãrar cikin jirgin, wanda aka halaka su da kankara. The balaguro ci gaba da tafiya. A sakamakon shi ne bayanin da yankuna daga bakin Lena River zuwa da Taimyr Larabawa.

A rayuwa irin wadannan mutane a matsayin 'yan'uwa Chariton Prokofievich da Dmitry Y., wanda aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Laptev Sea, iya kiranta a feat. Yana fahimci duk wanda ya taɓa nazarin tarihi na Arctic bincike. Ƙwarai tenacity da kuma tabbatar da dalilin, m soyayya ga Rasha taimako wadannan mutane shawo kan alama warkarwa.

A ma'aunan kasa tsarin da seabed

The ruwa zurfin da Laptev sosai contrasting. Wannan al'amari da aka gano a shekaru 200 da suka wuce, a lokacin da kotun na farko expeditions akai-akai ya shiga stranded. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babbar nuna alama daga cikin zurfin 2980 mita, da karami - 15, da kuma talakawan - 540 mita. Wannan za a iya bayyana ta m nahiyar gangara ƙasar inda teku. Ganin zurfin nuna alama, shi ne zuwa kashi arewaci da kudancin. Wannan hidima a matsayin jagora a cikin layi daya, inda bay Vilkitsky.

A yanayin da seabed ƙasa Laptev babban tasiri sunã gudãna a cikin shi kogi. Sun gudanar da wani babban adadin yashi, silt da sauran sedimentary kankara. Su jari ne 25 santimita a kowace shekara. Bugu da kari, a cikin m zone a ƙarƙashin teku akwai boulders, ƙanana da manyan pebbles.

Babbar glaciers na Severnaya Zemlya taimakawa ga samuwar icebergs. A thicker Laptev teku ruwa ya ƙunshi babban yawa daga kankara. Its narkewa da volnopriboy rayayye halakar da bakinta. Wani lokaci, a sakamakon irin wannan tafiyar matakai an rufe tare da ruwa, kananan tsibiran.

yanayin damina

Akwai dalilai da dama da sanin matsananci yanayi na yankin.
Idan akai la'akari da Laptev Sea a kan taswira, ba za mu iya zana da wadannan karshe:

• shi ne dake a cikin high latitudes na Arewa Hemisphere.
• da kusanci na tsakiya Arctic Basin ba zai iya shafar sauyin yanayi na yankin.
• karkara na cikin teku daga Atlantic da kuma Pacific rabu da shi na yiwuwar samun wani tasiri Warming ruwaye.

A kan teku mafi yawan lokaci a kwantar da hankula ne Marinjãyi gizagizai weather. Kawai cyclones wanda wuce kudu na ruwa, ya kawo nauyi snowfall, tare da tsananin iska.

A kudancin Laptev Sea sanyi ga watanni tara, amma a arewacin yankunan da mummunan zafin jiki ne tsayayyen for 11 days. A coldest hunturu wata - Janairu. Kaddarance zazzabi kewayon 26-28 digiri kasa sifili. Known lokuta na raguwa na Mercury da matakin na -61 ^° C
sanyi rani a nan - ba nadiri nadiri. Ã'a, m - wani gagarumin karuwa a yawan zafin jiki (msl. Don 24-32 ° C) - shi ne rare da kuma sabon abu. A warmest bazara wata ne watan Agusta. A wannan lokaci da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio da ake gyarawa +7 ... + 9 digiri a kudu da kuma 1 ^{° C} a arewacin teku. Babban bayãnin hukuncin halayyar da Laptev teku sauyin yanayi - wani karfi da kuma dogon sanyaya tare da mun gwada m iska yanayi.

Gwargwado da kuma yawan zafin jiki na ruwa. Igiyoyin da glaciers

Da rarraba, gwargwado a cikin Laptev Sea aka muhimmanci shafi da cewa mafi girma a kogin na nahiyar ne a nan babba adadin sabo ruwa. A wannan batun, da gwargwado na kudancin teku yankunan shi ne muhimmanci ƙananan fiye da arewacin. Saboda wannan dalili, da gishiri abun ciki na yawan ƙaruwa a cikin hunturu da kuma a cikin warmer watanni, akwai desalination. Lena River, Khatanga, Jan, Olenek a lokacin rani kawo zuwa 90% na shekara-shekara kwarara daga sabo ruwa. A lokaci guda akwai wani m narkewa glaciers, wanda kuma rinjayar da kudi na, gwargwado. Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, wannan adadi ne ba iri daya ba a cikin farfajiya da kuma zurfin yadudduka da marine ruwa shafi. A surface na ƙananan gwargwado.

Laptev Sea zurfin kayyade yawan zafin jiki na ruwa. Ya dogara da adadi da kuma a kan ruwa wuri dangi zuwa jihar bakin teku yankin, sakamakon igiyoyin, lokacin shekara. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne sifili. A lokacin rani a wasu ga ~ ar teku da kuma a cikin kududdufi ruwa zafin jiki ne 4-6 digiri Celsius. A coils, wanda, a hanya, akwai da yawa, shi ne kusa da alama a 10 ^{° C,} da kuma a kan teku bai wuce biyu digiri.

A tsarin na igiyoyin a cikin Laptev Sea ba da karatu. Duk da haka, mun sani cewa babban ɓangare a cikin wannan sake, har yanzu wasa da kogin, dauke da babbar yawa ruwa a cikin teku.
Daga cikin na yau da kullum teku igiyoyin Laptev iya kiran Novosibirsk da kuma Gabas Taimyr. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gudu daga ruwa ne low, da ƙarfin da rauni igiyoyin m.

A karshen watan Satumba, da kankara samuwar tsari zai fara a cikin dukan yankin, wanda ƙwarai dagula shipping. Daga watan Oktoba zuwa watan Mayu, Laptev Sea ruwa icebound. Kamar haka kimanin 30% na yankin da aka kafa da sauri kankara, da sauran rufe da rugujewa kankara floes. A watan Yuni da Yuli akwai su narkewa. Duk da haka, kawai ta watan Agusta, babban surface yankin teku kankara da aka saki daga kangin.

Flora da fauna

A Flora da fauna da Laptev Sea ne hali na Arctic. Phytoplankton wakilta algae. Marine ciliates, copepods da amphipods, rotifers ne na hali wakilan da zooplankton.

A cikin zurfin teku ne na kowa nau'in kifi kamar Siberian whitefish, Arctic char, Arctic cisco, fari kifi, sturgeon. Walruses, beluga Whales, like - mambobi ne na tsari na dabbobi masu shayarwa. A kankara Hamada saba fearsome mazauni na Arctic - na iyakacin duniya bear.

Islands na Laptev Sea

A kan ƙasa da tẽku, shi ne game da biyu da dozin manyan da kananan tsibiran. Abin lura shi ne gaskiya cewa masana kimiyya ne a kan ragowar mammoths aka samu. Suna da kyau kiyaye, don haka da binciken ne na girma kimiyya darajar. Modern mazaunan tsibiran ne Arctic Foxes da iyakacin duniya Bears.
Kusa da bakin tekun na nahiyar, kananan tsibiran yawanci shirya a kungiyoyin. Muna magana ne game da irin wannan wurare na ƙasar, a matsayin Islands na Komsomolskaya Pravda, Thaddeus, Bitrus, m daukar hoto, da Danube. Akwai ma fi girma, shirya singly. Wadannan sun hada da Great Begichev, Sandy, Muostakh Island, Makar.

Laptev Sea River

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da most kogin sunã gudãna a cikin tẽku, da wani gagarumin tasiri a kan da yawa dalilai. Su wuri a cikin shugabanci daga gabas zuwa yamma kamar haka: Jan, Lena, Olenek, Anabar, Khatanga. Yana da wadannan tafkunan da aka rayayye amfani da masu bincike Abuja - Khariton da Dmitriem Laptevymi, wanda aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga Laptev Sea.

Waɗannan kõguna sunã shafi matakin gishiri a teku ruwa. Godiya ga aikin da aka ambata waterways kafa wani taimako na seabed, da shaci na ta bakinta, da abun da ke ciki na sedimentary kankara da laka.

Al'amurra na cigaba a wannan yankin

Yau, da Laptev Sea ne kunshe a cikin shirin na karatu, wanda aka gudanar a hade da Rasha da kuma Jamus, masana kimiyya da suka wuce shekaru ashirin. Modern masana kimiyya ko da yaushe tuna cewa farkon wannan taron da aka qaddamar da Bitrus I. Amma wannan intrepid matafiya a matsayin Vitus Bering, Laptev Dmitry da Khariton da kuma wasu masu bincike, har abada rubũtacce a cikin tarihi na nazarin Arctic.

Yanzu da shirin rairayin bakin teku nazarin Laptev da kewaye samu kasa da kasa status. Game 15 Rasha da kuma 12 German kimiyya kungiyoyi daban-daban profiles suna kunshe a cikin ce aiki. Dauke da fitar ayyukan tsara don 2015. Kuma a yau, masana kimiyya sun yi yawa daga abin sa mamaki binciken.

A sakamakon samu a lokacin binciken da muka yi nazari yankuna ne na musamman. Saboda da kayan gano a lokacin da marine kuma terrestrial expeditions, masana kimiyya iya koya da yawa game da yanayin epochs Arctic su fahimci yanayin samuwar da sauyin yanayi da ta wanzu a cikin yankin a yau.

Babbar mangaza na kankara da kuma sabo ruwa an dauke su da Laptev Sea.
Balaguro gudanar da} o} arin na kasashen biyu tare da mafi m fasaha, kayan aiki da hanyoyin kimiyya za su bunkasa hanyar mutane tunani game da Arctic, don amfani da kimiyya data for m dalilai.