Fermentation shayi da kuma shayi a Rasha

Fermentation ne shayi polyphenol hadawan abu da iskar shaka da kuma cakuda enzymes (enzymes) ba a cikin shayi ganye. A sakamakon wannan nau'i theaflavins da thearubigins cewa ba jiko shayi (baki), halayyar ruwan kasa launi tare da m tinge.

Fermentation ne jerin sunadarai halayen da faruwa a hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana dogara a kan external yanayi (lighting, zazzabi, zafi, da dai sauransu). Akwai a san hanyoyin da wucin gadi fermentation katsewa yayin da lokacin da takardar da ya kai bukata kasancewa. Wannan ne yake aikata ta yin amfani da m dumama shayi ganye, ba abu don ta bushewa, amma za a sāke abu haka cewa fermentation tsari tsaya.

oxidative enzymes

Fermentation shayi - a core aiwatar cikin ta samar da fasaha. Domin da aiwatar dole ne tasiri na oxidative enzymes shayi ganye: phenol oxidase da peroxidase.

Tea samar azurta iyakar adana ƙanshi da kuma dandano Properties na shayi ganye ta gyara na sinadaran abun da ke ciki. A sakamakon da albarkatun kasa samu wani high quality samfurin.

Na fi son da biochemical canje-canje fara ko da yayin da tattara shayi ganye, ci gaba tare da withering da kuma dõmin karkatarwa, kuma ko da a lokacin fermentation, da suka saya da wani musamman iko.

A lokacin fermentation takardar juya karkashin rinjayar hadawan abu da iskar shaka matakai, ta zama tagulla-ja da kore wari fitowa sannu a hankali m dandano na yin kumfa shayi.

A fermentation tsari

A cikin XIX karni shi aka yi imani da cewa shayi fermentation ne mai microbiological tsari. Yi imani da cewa shayi leaf yana da wani microflora, wasu kwayoyin nuna oxidative enzymes iya oxidizing phenolic mahadi. Wannan tsoho ka'idar ba gaskata kanta, saboda a sakamakon da gwaje-gwajen a karkashin aseptic yanayi, ya gano cewa, kasashen waje microflora iya kawai tsoma baki tare da ta dace ci gaban da fermentation tsari.

Daga baya, riga a cikin XX karni, oxidative enzymes, da kuma ƙarasa da aka samu a shayi ganye, su ne a kan shayi bushes a cikin dormant jihar da kuma za a iya kunna lokacin da withering. A cikin shakka daga karatu wadannan narkewa enzymes kadai bayyana cewa phenoloxidase, ta narkewa form, yana da rauni aiki, amma ba ya samar da wani narkewa peroxidase ja da launin ruwan kasa abinci tare da babban aiki.

Mun yanke shawarar karatu da enzymes dabam, sakamakon wani phenol oxidase aiki samu. Wannan enzyme ne insoluble a cikin yankunan da takardar kuma ba ya shiga cikin bayani a karkashin saba da yanayin da ya hana shi samu a baya karatu. Haka, an gano insoluble phenoloxidase, wanda shi ne babban enzyme.

Azumi da kuma jinkirin fermentation

Fermentation shayi ne sauri da kuma jinkirin.

A kan aiwatar da m fermentation shayi leaf aiki da za'ayi mechanically, Ina nufin ta birgima, ko kulla ta tareda žata cell membranes. Wannan sa a mafi aiki da hadawan abu da iskar shaka dauki na enzymes da juna.

Lokacin da aiwatar da jinkirin fermentation, da ganye ba su lalace.

By da hanyar da mataki na fermentation leaf shayi aka rabu cikin biyar kungiyoyin:

• fari shayi .
• kore shayi .
• Wulong shayi.
• Wulong shayi.
• Black Tea.

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, da samar da shayi a Rasha zauna kawai a Krasnodar yankin.

Bayan tsira da rikicin na 90s, samar da shayi a yankin suka fara daidaita, amma zama low -quality kayayyakin da kundin ma bai isa baya matakan. Duk da haka, bai dakatar da ayyukan da gida samar shayi aiki da kuma shayi-shiryawa ma'aikata a Adler Dagomys kuma kiyaye da Rasha m "Krasnodarchay".

Duk da cewa kasar gona da yanayin damina ne nisa daga mafi kyau duka ga namo shayi, a cikin gundumar na Sochi shayi plantations zauna game 1.5 dubu. Kadada. Ga kowace shekara tara fiye da 4,000 ton na shayi ganye.