A ɓangaren da na Caucasus, da karkararta, yanayi

A ɓangaren da na Caucasus shi ne har yanzu wani al'amari na shawara tsakanin masana kimiyya. Bayan duk, shi ne kan iyaka tsakanin Turai da kuma Asiya. Amma inda daidai ta'allaka da Cordon? Idan muka ɗauka cewa kudancin Shefela, tsororuwar a Turai ne Dutsen Elbrus. Amma idan iyakar gudu tare da Main Caucasian kunya, da Mont Blanc. Wannan mountainous kasar ne sosai mika. A sassa daban daban na Caucasus ya ɓullo da kansa sauyin yanayi. Wadannan yankunan bambanta a topography da kuma yanayi. A wannan labarin, za mu bayyana a cikin daki-daki, game da yawa fuskokin na Caucasus dutsen tsarin.

Location a kan taswirar duniya

Ne yankin a Eurasia tsakanin Black Sea da kuma Azov Sea a yamma da kuma Caspian Sea a gabas. Don arewacin Caucasus lullube fili Gabas Turai Bayyana. Wannan manyan, mountainous kasar na da jinsin halitta da kan iyakoki. A ɓangaren da na Caucasus a tsakãnin tẽkuna biyu na tekun Atlantic da kuma a duniya, most m lake Caspian Sea ta tanadi cewa kasashen yammaci da kuma gabashin iyakoki da dutsen tsarin ne a fili bayyane. Kuma abin da game da arewa da kuma musamman ma kudu ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Kuma-Manych ciki da yake a cikin ƙasa daga Caspian Sea zuwa Azov da Kerch mashigar. An dauke arewacin iyaka da Caucasus. A kudu na wannan tsarin da ke smoothly a duwatsun Turkey da kuma Iran. Border za a iya raba su riƙe tsohon Tarayyar jihar Cordon a yankin. Yanzu shi ne daga Georgia, da Armenia, da kuma Azerbaijan. A iyakar kudancin gudanar tare da volcanic Armenian Filato, da kogin Araks da kuma zuwa ga Talysh Mountains.

Geotectonics a kan taswira

A ɓangaren da na Caucasus yana magana da cewa wannan dutse range ne wani ɓangare na mai tsayi-Himalayan bel. Akwai har yanzu gudana tectonic aiki, ko da yake akwai wani aiki volcanoes. Bisa ga gina geomorphological Caucasus ne zuwa kashi hudu orographic yankin. Bari mu dubi su a wani tufka.

A yanzu arewa ne Ciscaucasian bayyana, wanda lullube m tsiri na Azov ga Caspian Sea. Bugu da ari kudu, da duwãtsu ba da hanyar low tuddai. A cikin Big Caucasian kunya located babban tsarin kololuwa - Elbrus da Kazbek. Wannan sararin yankin ma yana da halaye. Ta Kudu na shi ne Transcaucasian ciki. Ya kunshi da Kura-Araks filayen kwari, da Colchis. Su ma m Transcaucasian tsaunuka. Yana, bi da bi, aka kasu kashi biyu. Wannan dutsen da kewayon da Karami Caucasus da kuma Javakheti-Armenian Highland.

A cikin siyasa taswirar duniya

Ta Kudu na Main Caucasus Range ne m da kuma sarki Jihar Georgia, da Armenia, da kuma Azerbaijan. Arewa dutsen kewayon shagaltar da ta Rasha Federation. Akwai kuma kai-shelar jamhuriyoyin Caucasus: Kudu Ossetia, Abkhazia da kuma Nagorno-Karabakh. Su nan gaba, kamar ba siyasa matsayi, shi ne sosai m. The Russian Federation ne a yankin da dama yankin abokai. Don arewa maso yamma ne Stavropol da Krasnodar yankuna. Suna gane makõma yankuna na Rasha. A arewa maso gabashin ne irin m Caucasian jamhuriyoyin a cikin Rasha Federation kamar yadda Adygea, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Kabardino-Balkaria, Chechnya, Arewa Ossetia da karachay-Cherkessia. National abun da ke ciki na yawan jama'a a wadannan kasashe ne quite m. Yana hidima a matsayin wani lokaci na wani iri-iri na Inter-kabilanci rikice-rikice. Hot spots na Caucasus sun Chechnya, ta Kudu Ossetia, Dagestan, Ingushetia. Nagorno-Karabakh ne har yanzu a jãyayya ƙasa tsakanin Armenia da Azerbaijan.

Labaran na Caucasus dutsen kewayon

A babbar tsawon na kunya kai ga cewa kowanne daga cikinsu yana da nasa yanayin siffofin. Saboda haka, mountainous ƙasa za a iya rarraba ba kawai a arewacin, tsakiya da kuma kudancin, amma kuma da Gabashi da kuma Yammacin Caucasus. Idan muka yi la'akari da babban kunya, to, shi ne mai yiwuwa a ware da wani ɓangare cewa zai fara a kan Absheron sashin kuma yakan to Kazbek. Wannan Gabas Caucasus. A tsakiyar sashi daga cikin tsararru ne karfi da matsa, Rarraba Range (main) da kuma a kaikaice raba arewaci da kudancin sassa na kasar. A yammacin Caucasus fara a kan Taman sashin da hankali yakan to Elbrus (5642 m saman teku matakin). A cikin wani karamin tsakiyar ɓangare, tsakanin biyu mafi girma kololuwa da dutsen fuska, mai karfi duk da wasu dubu biyar mita: Dykhtau, Mijirghi, Jangi-Tau, Pushkin, Koshtantau, Shkhara. Kowace daga cikin wadannan sama Mont Blanc a cikin Alps (4807 m).

karami Caucasus

Ta Kudu na Main (rarraba) Range lullube daga teku zuwa teku, a manyan ciki taimako. A nan ana kasaftawa yankuna na Caucasus, kamar yadda rigar Colchis Shefela a yamma da kuma bushe Alazan da Kura-Araz bayyana a gabas. Amma kudu na deflections sake hawa dutsen. Kawai submeridional Liki Range haɗu da Greater Caucasus da Kananan. The sunan karshen kamata ba ɓatar da kõwa ba. Hakika, saman Karami Caucasus na baya Kazbek da Elbrus. Amma a nan shi ne Dutsen Ararat (5165 m). Shi ne tsororuwar Asiya Ƙananan. Akwai a cikin wannan yankin da yawa kololuwa sama mai tsayi Mont Blanc. Karami Caucasus juya 600-kilometer baka. A yawa ta ridges da tsawo na 2-3 kilomita. Sun rabu da zurfin intermountain daruna. Don kudu da dutsen jeri miƙa sararin Javakheti-Armenian Highland. Ya kunshi volcanic ridges da plateaus yanke by zurfi tsaunuka. Tsororuwar wannan yankin - Aragats (4090 m).

dutsen tsarin a kudu inda ta ƙare

A ɓangaren da na Caucasus shi ne irin wannan cewa yana da wuya a tantance kan iyaka. A kudu maso gabas ridges aka hankali motsi a cikin Talysh Mountains, da kawo Lenkoran Shefela kusa da Caspian Sea (28 m kasa teku matakin). A kudu da kuma kudu-maso-yammacin Karami Caucasus wuce a cikin Alborz dutsen kewayo. Wannan sarkar a arewacin Iran ne wani ɓangare na Pontic duwãtsu a Asiya Ƙananan. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa da kudancin iyaka da dutsen iyaka ne Lankaran filayen kwari, da Talish duwãtsu Alborz dutsen kewayo.

Caucasian mutãnensu

Wannan yankin ne sanaki game da hamsin da kabilun. Kuma kowane daga cikinsu ya halitta ta musamman da al'adunsu. Musamman iri-irin a kabilu ne Arewa Caucasus (Rasha). Wannan yankin ne zaune Kabardian, Adygei, Cherkess, Shapsugs, Chechens, Ingush, Batsbi, Tsakhurs, Tabasaran, Rutuls, Lezgins, Laks, Dargin, Aguls, Avars. Akwai kuma mutanen da suke magana da yaruka na Altai harshen iyali. Yana Nogai, truhmeny, Kumyks Karachai, Balkars, Meskhetian Turks. Transcaucasia aka sanaki Georgians, Armenia, Azerbaijanis. Amma da kabilu na wadannan jamhuriyoyin ma iri-irin. Daga cikin wakilan da titular al'ummai daga cikin wadannan kasashe akwai Abkhazians, Ossetians, tats, Talysh, Mountain Yahudawa, Yezidis, Kurdawa, Assuriyawa. Kuma a karshe zo cikin al'ummai waɗanda, sun zauna a cikin dogon tarihi a cikin wannan dutse baki. Wannan Rasha, Ukrainians, Helenawa, Yahudawa, Tatars da sauransu. Babban addinai ne Musulunci (kamar yadda Shi'a da Sunna) kuma Orthodox.

girgizar kasa halin da ake ciki

Caucasus ƙasa ta'allaka ne gaba ɗaya a cikin tsayi-Himalayan bel. Wannan yanki ne sosai mobile. Saboda haka, m da raurawar asa Caucasus. Karuwan girgizar kasa aiki a cikin yankin kaiwa zuwa gaskiya cewa duwãtsu saboda da haduwa da tectonic faranti girma zuwa rabin santimita a shekara. A daidai wannan lokaci da filayen kwarinta fada ma fiye. Wannan tsari ne ba kamar yadda azumi - daga biyu zuwa shida millimeters a kowace shekara. A mafi m da raurawar ƙasa a cikin Caucasus, mafi daidai a cikin arewa maso yammacin Armenian tsaunuka. A karshe irin wannan bala'i, wanda da'awar dubban rayuka, ya faru a shekara ta 1988. Mountain Caucasus saboda ta high girgizar kasa aiki ne batun m avalanches, glaciers da mudflows. Kananan raurawar ƙasa sa rockfalls da landslides. Soft sediments wanke kõguna da sauran yashewa tafiyar matakai. Kamar wancan kafa kogwanni. Su ne musamman yawa a cikin yankin arewacin Greater Caucasus. Isar da shi a lõkacin da Vorontsov kogo tsarin, New Athos, Snow Chasm (ta zurfin - 1370 m), Danau-Naki tudu.

A sauyin yanayi na Caucasus

Wannan mountainous kasar ta'allaka ne a kan iyakoki na subtropical da temperate halitta zones. Zaka iya cewa: wani babban bango, wanda shi ne Caucasus kanta ne sauyin yanayi-kafa factor. Kololuwa da dubu biyar mita amince riƙe kudancin gangara daga cikin sanyi iskõki. A lokaci guda arewacin tsaunukan Caucasian kwakwalwa duk harbi low yanayin zafi. Musamman karin bambanci a cikin yanayin halaye lura a hunturu. A lokacin da a Rasha ɓangare na duwatsu kasar ne m snowfalls a cikin Caucasus jamhuriyoyin mulki bayyanannu, da kuma bushe dumi weather. Hakika, a cikin irin wannan babbar duwãtsu lura high-tsawo zone. A cikin kololuwa shekara-zagaye snow. Kasa zone lichens da kuma mosses maye gurbin mai tsayi makiyaya, coniferous da deciduous dazuzzuka. Kuma a cikin kwaruruka shi so ido tare da lush Evergreen subtropical ciyayi.

Caucasus kõguna

Ruwa yankin arteries da wani dutse hali na kwarara, sabili da haka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin makamashi kansu. Ya kamata a ce cewa arewacin gangara na Caucasus lebur, elongated, yayin da kudu - m da precipitous. Irin wannan taimako sakamako a kan kogin. A arewacin tuddai, suka zama lebur yanayi. Kamar yadda wani misali, Don. Kuban - mafi girma a kogin na Arewa Caucasus. Amma akwai a cikin wannan yankin duwatsu kasa azumi da kuma m qarqashinsu. Wannan shi ne da farko da Kura da Terek. Caucasus kõguna kasance a cikin daruna na uku tekuna, wanda zagaya ƙasar tuddai. Terek, Aras, Kura, kuma da Sulak daga ƙarƙashinsu a cikin Caspian Sea. Ya kasance a cikin Black Sea tasa waterways kamar Bzyb, Kodori, Inguri, Rioni. Azov ciyad da Don, Kuban. The most lake a cikin yankin ne Sevan.

Nature Caucasus

Duwatsu kasa m iri-iri na shimfidar. Akwai subtropical kwaruruka swamps, m fir gandun daji, boxwood itatuwa, mai tsayi fadamun. A wani babba tsawo na fiye da dubu uku mita aka mamaye lichens da kuma mosses. Permafrost farawa a 3,500 mita saman teku matakin. A arewacin tsaunukan na Caucasus mai sanyaya. Tsaye zonation a kan wadannan gangara ne halin da wani na ba zato canji na zones. snow iyaka a Arewa Caucasus ta'allaka ƙananan fiye da a kudu - a kusa da 2800 mita saman teku matakin. Mountain fauna daga yankin bukatar a kare. Lynx da Caucasian damisa ne a kan gab da nau'i nau'i. A 'yan qasar jinsunan bison, muz da damisa bace gaba ɗaya. Amma ya zuwa yanzu, an samu a cikin dutsen gorges na beyar, daji boar, chamois da daji da raguna. Kamar yadda da Flora, Caucasus ne da aka sani a matsayin mahaifar giant hogweed. A 1890, sai aka ɗauke shi zuwa Turai a matsayin ornamental shuka. Tun daga nan ya aka dauke hadarin gaske musamman da m neophyte.

Na wasanni damar Caucasus

A yankin da aka dake tsakanin kudancin kasar uku da tekuna. Akwai aka kafa da m sauyin yanayi, da miƙa mulki daga temperate zuwa subtropical. High duwãtsu ƙirƙirar babban iri-iri na shimfidar. Fast qoramu na gudãna son kiran ka, to rafting. Duk wannan ya sa Caucasus cikin wani wasanni yankin. Amma a nan ba za ka iya kawai shakata amma kuma su warkar. Wannan na taimaka wa babban adadin ruwan kwalba da ake kafa a cikin kankara. A dukan duniya ya sani da iri "Borjomi", wanda fitar da kaya Georgia. Amma babu kasawa na wasanni albarkatun da Arewa Caucasus. Kislovodsk, Mineralnye Vody, Georgievsk, Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Yessentuki, Lermontov - duk wadannan mafaka garuruwa dake a cikin Stavropol yankin. Zolsky District (Kabardino-Balkaria) ne sanannen Narzanov Tambukan kuma curative laka lake.