Winston Churchill (Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill). Biography, photos, ban sha'awa facts

A cikin tarihi na XX karni bar mai zurfi alama mutanen da suka dauki banrazana yanke shawara ne a kan mutãne. Daga cikin fitattun 'yan siyasa su wuri amincewa daukan Winston Churchill - da firaministan kasar Birtaniya, marubuci, ta Nobel, daya daga cikin anti-Hitler kawancen shugabannin, anti-gurguzu, marubucin yawa Jagora cewa sun zama winged, lover of cigars da karfi drinks, da kuma kullum ban sha'awa mutane.

Siffarta da aka sani zuwa ga 'yan'uwanmu' yan ƙasa a kan shirin fim na yakin duniya na II, ya ci a lokacin da Yalta, Tehran da kuma Potsdam taro. Suna daga cikin sauran 'yan "Big Uku" kusantar da hankalin da cikakken adadi, ya rufe tare da sojoji sabis jacket Khaki, mummuna, amma sosai m mutum da kuma iya shiga ganinsu. Wannan ya m, Winston Churchill, da littafin karanta game da yau, da har harba fina-finai da cewa bude wanda ba a sani shafukan da biography. Wasu abubuwa zama wani asiri a wannan rana.

Haihuwa da iyali

A karshen Nuwamba 1874 Marlborough shirya don wani ball a fādar da Duke na Blenheim. Ya lalle ne, haƙĩƙa Yã yi nufin Ya halarci Lady Churchill. Ta karai, amma ta kasance m, wanda ya kai ga wasu yanayi, rushe soiree. Yana kawai don haka ya faru da cewa Winston Churchill da aka haife a kan dutsen mata dasu, huluna da sauran outerwear, jefar a wani tari a cikin dakin da cewa aiki a matsayin wani makeshift tufafi baƙi.

Ilimi da Ginger ne ba kyau sosai yaro tsunduma farko reno Everest. A tasiri na wannan abun lura mace a nan gaba siyasa yana da nauyi ƙwarai, kuma ta hoto ya ko da yaushe yana da wani shahararren wuri a duk ofisoshin shagaltar da su, a fili, da ƙarshen rayuwar gwada su ayyuka tare da alkawarin ta halin kirki da jagororin. Sabõda haka na nuna ta godiya ga Winston Churchill, wanda biography nuna cewa nas ya mutum dama da kuma hikima.

Makaranta, samartaka

Prodigy kadan Winston ya ba. Ko da yake yana da wani kyakkyawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amma amfani da shi ne kawai a lokacin da ta kasance ban sha'awa su koyi da batun. Diction, yaron ya haka-haka, wasu daga cikin haruffa ya ba furta, amma shi ya daban-daban verbosity. Domin ainihin sciences, Greek kuma Latin, ya nuna rashin tunani, amma 'yan qasar Turanci ƙaunar yin shi da yardar rai.

A zuriyar wani aristocratic iyali da kuma yi koyi a wani musamman makaranta. Irin wannan shi ne galihu ma'aikata 'Ascot', inda Winston Churchill ya ciyar a 'yan shekaru. Sai Yaron da aka canjawa wuri zuwa makaranta "Harrow" matakin qarshe, kuma ya shahara akan wani dogon hadisi. A iyaye yi imani da cewa dan taurari, daga sama, bai isa ba, amma hanyar da shi shi ne, kuma haka ya ƙaddara masa soja. A mafi girma sojan doki makaranta "Sandhurst" sarauta sojojin saurayin ya iya shiga a 1893, kawai na uku. Bayan shekaru biyu da mahaifinsa ya rasu. Smer gama ɗan ƙaunataccen da masoyi iyaye zama babban rashi, duk da wasu juna rashin fahimtar juna. Yarantaka ne a kan, saurayin ya juya zuwa cikin ya fara tasawa mutum.

A farkon majalisar aiki

Samun dukiya mafi girma ilimi, da daraja na leftana da kuma daraja asalin, Winston Churchill, wanda biography a matsayin dan siyasa ya kawai ya fara, ya lashe zaben majalisar dokoki a shekarar 1900. Duk da cewa ya gudu daga Jam'iyyar Conservative, da tausayi da suke hayyanãwa, wajen, don ta abokan adawar - da sassaucin ra'ayi. Wannan musu aka nuna a cikin hujjar cewa shi da kansa ya ayyana ta matsayi a matsayin "m ra'ayin mazan jiya", wanda ya sa shi da matsaloli da yawa, amma kuma da mutunci da irin wannan layin da hali ma ya. Rikice-rikice da jam'iyyar 'yan halitta wasu tsegumi, wanda da gudummawar zuwa mafi girma martabar a yan siyasa. Saboda gaskiya cewa a lokacin da yake jawabai, da yawa 'yan majalisa, da kuma wani lokacin har da firaministan kasar da kansa, demonstratively bar dakin taron, Winston Churchill da aka gani da Lloyd George. A shekara ta 1904 ya bar Conservative darajõji.

Ministan daga mazauna

Sanata balaga ja hankalin masu, da kuma bada shawarwari ga hadin gwiwa tare da daban-daban mazabu ba jinkirin a zuwa. Waɗanda suke ba su da sha'awar a Churchill, ya jabu brushed ajiye, amma a shekarar 1906 sun amince da zama ministan kula da harkokin cikin mazauna. The darajar kasashen waje yankuna domin jindadin Birtaniya Empire da aka babbar, kuma ya riga ya bayyana kishin kasa da manufofin, bayyana a cikin manyan al'amurra na da ikon bukatun sama da sauran sharudda. A sakamakon ayyukan na wani dan gajeren lokaci tabbatar da cewa sosai da ban sha'awa, amma kokarin da aka lura da yaba a matakin qarshe, ciki har da yanayin da Edward VII da monarch kansa.

A rikicin siyasa a 1908 ƙare tare da murabus da firaministan kasar Campbell Bannerman, wanda wuri ya zarar Asquith. Ya miƙa je Churchill Royal Navy, amma aka ki. War a nan gaba ne foreseen, kuma ba tare da shi da matsayin ministan cikin Navy bai alkawari daraja. Game da wani post gwamnatin kasar ta dauki shi ne guda, ko da yake ga wani daban-daban dalili, da topic ne kawai ba su da sha'awar a Churchill. Amma da cinikayya ya so ya yi, ko da yake da farko duba shi ba alkawari wani siyasa dividends.

aure

Winston Churchill ya dade haka aiki tare da kula da harkokin siyasa, da cewa abokansa sun riga ya fara shakka cewa zai taba samun aure, amma sun kasance ba daidai ba. Duk da fiye da wani suna fadin waje bayanai da kuma wani m hukuma workload, har yanzu ya sami damar samun Masana da kyau sosai yarinya, ta fara'a (a fili, m kuma balaga) da kai ga bagaden. 'Yar Dragoon jami'in Kanar - Clementine Hoze - ya m aka kafa, mai kaifin m, a biyu waje harsuna (Faransa da kuma Jamus). The m muradi Winston iya ba ko da zargin da masu da mafi sharrin harsunansu: sadaki kusan ba, fãce, ba shakka, da mutuntakar amarya da ta daraja Scots-Irish.

Sakatariyar cikin gida

A talatin da biyar shekaru Churchill ya zama ministan doka da oda, shan daya daga cikin manyan mukamai a daular. Yanzu dole ne ya zama alhakin 'yan sanda na birnin kasar, gadoji, hanyoyi, da gidajen kurkuku, da aikin noma, har ma da kifayen. Shi ne kuma nauyin da ministan cikin gida, bisa ga tsohon Turanci hadisin, shi hada da wani makawa gaban at haihuwa a gidan sarauta, da shela da magaji a kan karaga, rubuta rahotanni a kan aikin na majalisar, wanda kunna Churchill to Showcase su wallafe-wallafen talanti a matakin qarshe. Wannan da ya yi tare da mai girma yarda.

A kan Hauwa'u na wata babbar yaki

Gaskiyar cewa "sanyi" rikici tsakanin asashe masu arziki da kuma mazauna hana Jamus da Austriya-Hungary jima ko daga baya ci gaba a cikin wani "zafi" rikici, wani zai yi shakka ba, kuma ba Winston Churchill. Bisa ga bayanan samu daga bincike da masana a kan tsaro al'amurran da suka shafi, shi ya ga firayim ministan kasar a yarjejeniyar a kan al'amurran da suka shafi soja a Turai, Notes da m inevitability na game yaki. Bayan da cewa, kasar ta jagoranci ya dauka a irin castling, swapping McKenna da kuma Churchill, a sakamakon wanda marubucin rahoton da aka sanya samuwa ga jiragen ruwa, wanda a baya ya ki. Shi ne a cikin 1911, tsanani events aka Brewing. Tare da aikin shirya domin mai zuwa Royal Navy sojan ruwa yaki sabon ministan shawarci.

A farko yaki

A lokaci na soja rikici da aka ayyana ta gwamnatin Birtaniya tare da isasshen daidaito. Al'ada sojan ruwa horar da a shekara ta 1914 da aka soke, da boye m janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da za'ayi, bayan gargajiya farati na Yuli 17 jiragen ruwa ba su aika zuwa wuraren m tayin, kuma ta domin na Admiralty riƙe su maida hankali. Bayan fashewa yaki da Jamhuriyar Powers Rasha Churchill ya dauki alhakin da bayyana cikakken janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a na rundunar, ba tare da jiran gwamnatin ta yanke shawara. The tafi iya sa ya yi hasarar sallama, amma duk abin da ya juya waje, da yanke shawarar gane dama, da kuma rana bayan ayyuka da aka amince. Fourth watan Agusta, kasar Birtaniya ayyana yaki kan Jamus da Austriya-Hungary.

postwar rai

Events na farko World suna da kyau a san: bayan da shan kashi na Jamus da kuma rushewar da Austro-Hungarian Empire ga duniya, da kuma musamman zuwa Turai, da fuskantar da matsalar yaduwar kwaminisanci. A anti-akidar Karl Marx matsayin cewa Winston Churchill ya dauki faxin ya kan batun nuna wani imani da wajibcin lalata Bolshevik tsarin mulki a Rasha. Amma kasashen yamma ta fuskar tattalin arziki, maras nauyi kamarsa hudu-shekara kashe, ba a shirye domin a manyan sikelin-bakin soji. A sakamakon rashin iyawa na gwagwarmaya da makamai da kwaminisanci shugabannin mulkin demokra Turai da kuma nan duniya aka tilasta gane Soviet tsarin mulki. Churchill rawa a cikin post na ministan War a 1921, ya zama na biyu. Wannan, ba shakka, tada shi, amma matsala da aka gaba. A wannan shekara ta sha wahala real baƙin ciki: da farko mutuwa uwar (da kuma ta ba da haihuwa, kawai shekaru 67), sa'an nan a shekaru biyu ya Merigold.

Kishin da makamashi, kazalika da sabon aikin ya taimaka ma'auratan warke daga m biyu da baƙin ciki. Churchill sake zama ministan mazauna, amma a zaben 1922 karshen tare da catastrophic: a majalisar, ya ba ya fada. Churchill yanke shawarar da ya shakata da wani bit tare da matarsa a Faransa. Yana da jũna da cewa aiki ne a kan.

Back to majalisar

A farkon rabin na twenties Churchill ya da wani iko na siyasa, maƙiyi - Bonar Law, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin firaministan kasar. A shekarar 1923, ya zama tsanani da rashin lafiya da kuma mafi an daina dawo dasu. Tare da Baldwin - sabon shugaban na Conservatives - da zargi siyasa ya iya yin lamba, amma na farko guda biyu na kokarin a majalisar sun kasa komawa. A cikin uku lokaci, har yanzu ya koma zuwa ga mutunta taro, inda ya lashe zaben da gundumar Epping kuma a lokaci guda samu kujera Ministan kudi. A shekara ta 1929 da Labour Party maye gurbin da Conservatives a mulki, kuma a cikin shekaru goma da aiki yanayi Churchill bai iya bayyana. Ya iya bi aukuwa a Jamus, wanda a tsakiyar watan thirties mafi fili farfado da tattalin da sojoji, zama wani karaya abokin gaba ga Birtaniya.

prewar tsammanin

'Yan Burtaniya yan siyasa fahimci rawar da jirgin sama a cikin zuwan yaki a matsayin mai zurfi Winston Churchill. Hotuna da newsreels, kama Neville Chamberlain waving wani alkawari hannu a Munich, shirin gaskiya shaida daga cikin jin daɗi na nan Turai sojojin kiyaye zaman lafiya, kai concessions da Nazi Jamus a biyu da rabi na thirties.

A halin yanzu, a kasar Birtaniya game shekaru biyu amsa sirrin gwamnati kwamitin tafiyad da iko da riba na tsaro damar jihar. Zakara ya Winston Churchill, wanda kalamai game da al'amurra na appeasing Hitler ya sãɓã, mummunan zato. Ya riga ya bambanta paradoxical kuma unconventional tunani, jayayya cewa neman nisan gaba, short-gani mutane yi. Winston fĩfĩta su magance gaggawa kuma latsa al'amurran da suka shafi. A musamman, godiya sun fi mayar da kokarin da kwamiti na Royal Air Force lokacin da yaki samu jirgin saman soja jirage "Spitfire" da "Hurricane" cewa zai iya tsayayya da "Messerschmitt".

Mafi kyau hour, na biyu yaki da Jamus

Bayan da kai hari a kan Poland da kuma sanarwa na yaki a Jamus a 1939 kusan shekaru biyu Birtaniya suka yi yaƙi da Hitlerism kadai. Rana Yuni 22, 1941 ya ga Churchill hutu. Koyo game da Jamusanci hari a kan Tarayyar Soviet, da ya gane cewa yaki za a iya daukan won. Winston Churchill, wanda biography aka nasaba da gwagwarmaya da kwaminisanci, so kome a lokacin kamar yadda nasarar da Red Army. Kasancewa a cikin wani musamman wuya tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki, da United Kingdom Ya azurta tallafin Tarayyar Soviet, samar da soja kaya. Ability don ya miƙa hadaya ko da addinan saboda kasar su ne wata ãyã daga wani gaskiya Bakan'ane, kuma mai hikima siyasa. Duk da haka, wannan sabawa da ra'ayin da aka wucin gadi da kuma involuntary. A nuna juyayi ga Soviets aka maye gurbinsu da tsabagen rashin jituwa da farkon taron "Big Uku" a Potsdam.

A lokacin yakin, volitional halaye an bayyana mafi fili. Na yi ba togiya da kuma Winston Churchill. Biography of shi a cikin wadanda shekaru shiga cikin haske lokaci, shi daidai hadawa balaga da ikon ba da izni soja da siyasa da tattalin. Dunkule, jawabin nasa ya wuya kira, amma kuma a wasu daga cikin kalmomi ne da yawa, da Birtaniya sãmi abin da suka rasa: amincewa da nasarar da kyau ruhohi. Duk da haka, daya daga cikin Jagora ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa shirun ne sau da yawa, wata ãyã cewa wani mutum ne kawai kome ba a ce. Ya kuma da zarar ya bayyana cewa, kawai mazauna Albion iya yi farin ciki da cewa abubuwa ne bad. Babu wani siyasa a United Kingdom, wanda ya kasance haka rare, kamar yadda Winston Churchill. Quotes daga jawabansa shige juna sha daga hare-haren da kuma deprivations mutane a London da Coventry, Liverpool da kuma Sheffield. Mutane da yawa suna tilasta murmushi. Da shi shi ne awa daya da firaministan kasar.

bayan da yaki,

A yakin duniya na biyu ya ƙare. Winston Churchill murabus a karshen May 1945, rarraba shi daga Jam'iyyar Conservative a gaba zaben. To, wannan shi ne jigon Yammacin dimokuradiyya, ga wanda mafi kwanan nan, amma riga da nasarori nufin kadan. Jagora na Winston Churchill a kan wannan nau'i na gwamnati, ya bambanta musamman sharri, kai har zuwa cynicism. Saboda haka, ya quite tsanani ikirarin cewa dimokuradiyya ne kawai kyau da cewa duk da wasu hanyoyi na tafiyar da kasar ko da muni, amma ba har a kan shi, kawai isa a yi kadan magana da "da talakawan masu jefa} uri'a."

Duk da haka, da barazana da cewa kasashe da dama za su zama ko da muni, ya sosai real bayan da yaki. Stalinist kwaminisanci koma a duniya, ta amfani da dama hanyoyin - daga ikon zuwa mugun wayo mayaudara. Cold War fara nan da nan bayan da nasara a kan farkisanci, amma sai aka alama ta wani jawabin a Amurka birnin Fulton, cewa a shekarar 1946, a kan Maris 5, daidai da shekara bakwai kafin mutuwa Iosifa Stalina, Winston Churchill ya ce. Ban sha'awa facts da kuma haduwa da juna tare da shi cikin rayuwarsa. Rigima siyasar Birtaniya da aka alaka da "Uncle Joe", kamar yadda kasashen yammacin yan siyasa kira Soviet shugaban Joseph Stalin. Rashin jituwa da kin amincewa da akidar Karl Marx ideas hada Churchill da gaske daraja da fice hali na mutum, tsohon sau da Majibinci, maƙiyi.

Ban sha'awa shi ne rabo na Firayim Ministan zuwa barasa. A cewar shi, sai ya tashi da shan fiye da ya ba. A tsufa, Churchill joked cewa idan bai sha kafin abincin dare a cikin matasa, amma a yanzu ya na da wani mulki: a wani hali ba, ka dauki intoxicating drinks kafin karin kumallo. Bisa ga tunaninsu ya jikan, kakan fara ranar da gilashin wuski (ba irin wannan karamin sashi), amma bugu bai gani wani kuma bai taba. Hakika, waɗannan halaye, ba ta isa na kwaikwayo, amma, kamar yadda da Rasha karin magana ya ce, daga cikin song kalmomi ba zai iya goge.

Ban sha'awa da kuma wallafe-wallafen ayyukan da aka rubuta ta hanyar Winston Churchill. A littafin gaya na mulkin mallaka yaƙe-yaƙe, musamman, a kan Afghanistan da kuma Boer yakin, yaki da duniya kwaminisanci, kazalika da yawa wasu abubuwan tarihin da a da marubucin halarci. Matani bambanta mai girma style kuma da dabara mutumci muhimmi a cikin wannan fice mutum.

Firimiyan Churchill yana da damar rike sau biyu. Karshe lokacin da ya jagoranci gwamnatin Birtaniya a shekarar 1951 zuwa 77 shekara. Tsufa shafi general yanayin jiki, da aiki da shi ya zama ƙara wahala. "Sir Winston Churchill" - don haka a 1953, lokacin da wani matashi Elizabeth II - sabon Sarauniyar Ingila - dora masa Order na Garter, kamata ya tambaya ga firaminista. Greater girmamawa Birtaniya dokokin ba su samar. Ya zama jarumi, da kuma wata babbar zamantakewa matsayi aka dauke su a monarch.

Bankwana da siyasa!

Rufe da wani mayafi na sirri game da yadda za a bar daga babban siyasa, Winston Churchill. Brief biography, koyi Birtaniya makaranta da dalibai, bayar da bayanai a kan tallafi na ya yi murabus ba tare da ya wuce kima talla a shekarar 1955. Cire daga ikon ya sauka a hankali, domin kusan watanni hudu. Mutunta, girmamawa da kuma kissa da aka nuna da saman management na Birtaniya a lokacin da wannan tsari, ya kamata mu ambace. A dukan rai da manufofin da aka sadaukar domin hidima da mahaifarsa da kuma kulawa da bukatunta, kuma wannan ya lura da yawa awards (duka sarauta da kuma kasashen waje).

Great Churchill rayu wani shekaru goma. Wani sabon zamanin, da yaki a Vietnam, da m, matasa tafi hauka ga gumakansu, "Rolling Stone" da kuma "The Beatles" ya yi nasara da duniya, "flower yara" - hippies - wa'azi duniya soyayya, kuma shi ne duk haka sabanin svetsko- rayuwar siyasa na farkon karni, lokacin da wani matashi Winston fara da dogon tafiya a cikin harkokin siyasa.

Ya mutu fice premieres a farkon shekarar 1965. Lush Multi-rana bankwana bikin ba na baya zuwa solemnity na mai sarauta jana'izar. Ya karshe kyaun wurin ƙailũla Churchill sami gaba ga mahaifansa biyu a kan wani na yau da kullum na birni hurumi a Blandon.