Winged Hussars. Yaren mutanen Poland Winged Hussars. History of makamai

A farko doki-kõma rabo daga cikin Dogayen sanda aka kafa kusan a lokaci guda a matsayin Polish jihar. A cikin rabi na biyu na 10th - farkon 11th karni, Poland a kan taswira na tsakiyar zamanai ya karamin jihar. Mafi yawa daga shi shagaltar raba Slavic kabilu. A arewa na mulkin Poland kan iyakoki da Prussia da knightly umarni, a gabas - tare da Kievan Rus, a kudu - da Hungarian mulkin.

Masana tarihi sani game da abin da ake kira "sarkar makamai brigades" Farko lokaci Mieszko da Boleslaw da Brave. Saboda da karfi sojan doki mulkin Poland aka ba sani da Order of Takobin da Teuton matsayin abokan gaba. Amma da makwabta - Lithuania - ta samar da nasu sarauta ya ba nauyi doki mahadi, kamar yadda shi ne hasken sojojin doki, ya dauke da makamai javelins da kuma kulake. Saboda haka, ba su iya dakatar da nauyi sojan doki sash, kyale umarni ga kama wasu ƙasa Slavs da Prussians.

Yaren mutanen Poland hussars - sababbu sojan doki

A Battle of Grunwald Yuli 15, 1410 tsakanin knightly umarni da Mulkin Poland a ƙawance da Lithuanian sarauta babbar gudunmawar zuwa nasara sanya Tatar sojan doki cewa ta matsa lamba m Yan Salibiyya tsaron gida.

A lokacin da shekaru talatin da War tare da Sweden 1630-1660 shekaru na Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin dauki a haya sababbu sojan doki na da Lithuania, Tatars, Serbs, Hungarians da kuma sauran kasashe. Sun kasance sũ ne m sojoji, wanda ya san yadda za a yi amfani da wani m shã'aninku maimakon masoya na yaki da abokan gaba, a ma'ana layuka. Amma Sweden, wanda bai yi irin wannan runduna, tsanani tsoron lamba tare da mahayan ga m na masõya - Cossacks.

A farkon 16th karni Polish sojan doki kunshi doki dauke da mahadi da haske sababbu guda, wanda hada da Tatar, Zaporozhtzi, Serb Lithuanian Moldovans da kuma sauran mutane. Wadannan soja raka'a an tabbatar da yawa a cikin fadace-fadace da kuma fadace-fadace. Samar da wani Yaren mutanen Poland sojan doki sababbu sassa akai-akai ya zama wani al'amari lokaci.

Rzeczpospolita - wani sabon samuwar kan taswira na Turai

Lokacin sõyayya a Poland da kuma Lithuania, akwai wani abin da ake kira Rzeczpospolita, wanda shi ne kare kudanci da kuma gabashin kan iyakar da aka bukatar sabon sojan doki raka'a wuta fiye kopeynye kunshi m mahaya. A sabon tsarin na tsaro na iyaka da aka kira "ragu a-line", kuma ta farko shugaba nada Petra Myshkovskogo. Saboda haka na farko ya zo da Polish hussars. A farkon samuwar wadannan soja raka'a suka dauka 'yan kasashen waje, kamar na Serbs, kuma daga baya suka fara kai mayar da Dogayen sanda.

Hussar ne sau da yawa ya kasu kashi pikemen da kuma maharba, kamar yadda a farkon matakai na shirya da tsaro na kan iyakar bai isa ba nauyi sojojin doki. Saboda haka, hasken hussar sadarwa koya zuwa yãƙi a cikin m, kuma skirmishing.

Dan kadan daga baya ya zama prevalent hussars soja raka'a ko'ina cikin Commonwealth. A Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin da aka gudanar da su a cikin abun da ke ciki tare da knightly sojojin doki. Kowane mashi ko aboki (daga Yaren mutanen Poland nufin "ally") ya zo da soja, tare da 'yan maharba, kira paholikami. Suna iya zama daga 2 zuwa 14 mutane ko fiye. Akwai m lokuta idan mashin iya zo da kansa, unaccompanied. Makamai paholiku sayi aboki, saboda makamai sun bambanta.

A tsakiyar karni na 16th saboda taro rarraba a Turai bindigogi da mahayan nauyi bukatar ragu, matu}. Saboda haka, sanannen Polish King Stefan Batory, da cleverest jami'in diflomasiyyar kuma wani m kwamandan, kuma ya fara kawo canji sojoji, ciki har da sojojin doki.

Asalin da Polish Elite sojojin doki raka'a

Famous tsakanin Yaren mutanen Poland nobility hussar kashi hankali canza kama zuwa cuirassier sojojin doki. Wadannan Elite sadarwa fara daukar m gonaki. Kowace daga cikinsu ya kawo tare da 4-paholikov. Yaren mutanen Poland Winged Hussars da samun da mai kyau doki. Za su yi yaƙi, suka yi wield mashi, makamai da kuma gwiwar hannu gammaye, kwalkwali, a takaice bindiga, saber ko broadsword. Yawanci, a saman makamai gwarazansa sa ake konkoma karãtunsa fãtun daban-daban dabbobi. A cikin tsohon zane-zane iya sau da yawa a gani a matsayin wani winged hussar ado a damisa fata, damisa, bear, kerkẽci da sauran dabbobi.

winged Guard

Yan'uwansu kuma paholiki sau da yawa sawa a kan makamai zane na fuka-fuki. Yana iya zama da fuka-fuki na turkey, Goose ko mikiya. Da farko sanya kadan fuka-fuki da aka haɗe da garkuwa, ko a kan pommel na sirdi baya. An yi imani da cewa, a lokacin da motsi na gashinsa buga wani m sauti zuwa untrained dawakai da abokan gaba. Coney maƙiyi ne Mãsu fusãtarwa ne, ƙi yin biyayya da umarni na mahaya - da kuma abokan gaba line m up a cikin sassa daban daban na samunsa.

A 17th karni hussar uniform canza: fuka-fuki sun zama mai girma, kuma sun fara da za a haɗe zuwa makamai da baya da kuma rataya a kan shugaban mahayi. Godiya ga wannan, da fuka-fuki da ƙarin damar - kariya daga mahayi Lasso da mitigating da tasiri a lokacin da ya ragu. Wasu masu bincike yi imani da cewa manyan fikafikai da dabba konkoma karãtunsa fãtun, ya sa a kan makamai na wani jarumi, ya zuwa demoralize abokan hamayyarsu. Wannan zato yana da tarihi hujja.

Daya daga cikin mahalarta a cikin yaƙi idan aka kwatanta Polish regiments, musamman da winged dawakai a Vienna a 1683, wanda ya jagoranci kai hari a kan Turkish sojojin, tare da mala'iku Runduna, ya sauko daga sama zuwa ga azabta masu zunubi. Sauran masana tarihi yi imani da cewa wannan hadisin ya zo daga m Asia da kuma yada wa Ottoman Empire.

Formation na Yaren mutanen Poland hussar raka'a

Hussar banner an Elite sojojin Rzeczpospolita. Ya gudu da banner kyaftin, mataimakansa ya Leftana gwamna na tsaye a kasa, da kuma karami ya umurnin post na saja.

Winged Guard taba yawa, kamar yadda dauke daya irin wannan warrior (doki, makamai da kuma makamai) ne tsada sosai. Da kudi za ka iya saya dubu bindigogi da kuma cajin zuwa gare su, ko goma 6-pounders. Sabili da haka, ba fiye da biyu regiments ko squadrons na winged hussars (ba fiye da 700-800 mutane), a kowane sojojin kungiyar soja.

Kayan aiki Polish hussars

paholikov kayan aiki ne har yanzu faruwa a kudi na comrades, suka dauke da makamai da dama da makamai. Saka fili sojan doki ƙidaya 50-120. Duk da yake a kasashen Turai phasing fita kofe winged hussars ci gaba da amfani da su. mashi shi ne tsayin 6-6.5 mita, kuma shi ne mai matukar karaya makami.

A 17th karni bindigogi sun har yanzu m. Bindiga bayan wani harbi daga wani gun ko wani harsashi daga nesa da wuya hits da manufa, da kuma Reload shi ya dauki lokaci mai tsawo. A daidai wannan lokaci da winged hussars gudanar da cin nasara da nisa zuwa maƙiyi da multimeter mashi haifa makiya ba shi da lokaci zuwa recharge da makami da kuma ba shi da da isar saber ko takobi, wanda har yanzu bai iya tsayayya da dogon māsu da mahayan karfi na tasiri.

A yawa na tarihi fadace-fadace saboda wannan al'amari shi ya lashe zaben da jini fadace-fadace, kamar yakin Klushino a 1610 da Swedes ko da yaƙi tare da Rasha a Miracle a 1660.

Bugu da kari ga kofe a cikin hussars ya saber, takobi tsawon 1.7 mita zuwa huda abokan makamai da kuma biyu pistoles, saka a cikin sirdi holsters da bakuna.

Hussar uniform aka kyau sosai, ya gilded hotunan a kan kirjin a kan hagu - Uwar Allah, to dama - wani Katolika giciye. Amma kuma da kyakkyawa da yake da shi don kare ubangijinsa. Hussar makamai iya tsayayya da wani kai tsaye harbi daga wani musket a nesa na ashirin paces, kuma daga baya, sun kasance impenetrable ga kai tsaye harbi na bindiga.

Disadvantages na Yaren mutanen Poland hussars

Duk da haka, babu karin sassa da haske dakaru sojan doki winged hussars tabbatar da sauki hakar ɗauka da sauƙi mahayi wanda, kasancewa iya rawar daji, tare da hagu fil hussar line tare da raya gefe ko buga shi. A wannan hanya shi aka ci Polish sojojin, wanda ya hada da wani hussar na Janar Gordon, yanã tafiya da gaggãwa Sokolnicki kuma Baron Odta a yakin Slobodischem da Zaporizhzhya Cossack regiments.

Har ila yau, da hukuma tarihin da aka sani ga gaskiya, a lõkacin da marshal Wallenstein addu'a King Sigismund III aika da shi ba yi wa'adi 10000-12000 winged hussars, kuma wannan adadin Cossacks.

Yaren mutanen Poland Hussars a matsayin samfur na Rasha sojojin doki

Yaren mutanen Poland winged sojan doki ya zama samfur cewa an halicci na farko Rasha Elite hussar sojan doki a farkon rabin na 17th karni. Rasha hussar detachment na 735 sojan doki da aka halitta a 1634. Yana kunshi uku sojan doki kungiyoyin guje Khovanskii Prince, Prince Mescheretskogo da kuma kyaftin na Rila. Wannan kungiyar ya bauta wa, a Tula.

A cikin tarihi na harka a lokacin da a 1654, a kan Rasha gefe ya wuce game da dubu winged hussars karkashin umurnin Keele.

Poland 18th karni da Napoleon ta sojojin

A nuna na 18-19 ƙarni, da Yaren mutanen Poland raka'a tare da sojojin Faransa da za'ayi soja kamfen da Italy da kuma Jamus. Wadannan soja samuwar kira da Danube da Italian legions. Sun kasance sũ ne dalilin samar da sanannen Vislskogo Tuli. A 1809, da makamantansu, da Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin 18th karni supplemented ta biyu Hussars halitta Marshal Poniatowski a Galicia. Amma a 1812 Poniatowski umarci wani hussar yana da uku rarrabuwa. Hakika, wadannan ba da winged hussars, m to na da Turai, wani haske da sojan doki.
Har ila yau, Polish hussars kasance a sassa na Napoleonic dakarun:

• Biyu Hussars Brune a matsayin wani ɓangare daga cikin gidaje.
• daya Hussars rajimanti a birged Syubervi.
• a cikin shekaru 1813-1814 Polish haske cavalrymen sun kasance a cikin jihar daga cikin 8th Corps Poniatowski da 4th Kelerman gidaje.

Yaren mutanen Poland Army regiments mai daraja a tsakanin Napoleon ta shugabanni. Ga misali, da gina Poniatowski, wanda ci gaba da haihuwa Smolensk hanya, Kutuzov tilasta Satumba 5, 1812 janye daga Shevardino redoubt. A da farkon na yakin Borodino, a cikin abin da Dogayen sanda sun iya samu nasarar kai kauyen Utitsa.

Poland da kuma ta sojan doki a cikin XX karni

Bayan da shan kashi da kuma kifar da Napoleon a 1814, Poland a kan taswira na Turai ne kusan ba ya nan. Yana da aka raba sassa tsakanin Rasha da kuma Austria-Hungary, kazalika da Mulkin Prussia.

Poland tsiwirwirinsu samun 'yancin kai kawai a 1917, a lokaci guda shi ne sake kafa hussar sojan doki regiments. Ko da yake a shekara ta 1914 da Polish hussars yi yaƙi da wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire a gefen Austria. Ganin cewa Yaren mutanen Poland legion umarta ta Pilsudski. Wadannan hussars aka tsunduma cikin yakin basasa a Rasha a Siberia a lokacin da Kolchak sojojin. Hussar raka'a aka gani a yaƙi tare da sojoji na Tukhachevsky a 1920.

History of Polish winged hussars aka kammala a 1939, bayan watanni na jini fadace-fadace da kuma sojan doki tare da sabers babban birnin kasar Poland da aka saka da tankuna - Warsaw.

Ban sha'awa na tarihi abubuwa game da winged hussars

Yaren mutanen Poland hussar sojan doki a cikin 16-19 ƙarni biyu ban sha'awa lakabi: a cikin Commonwealth da aka kira elearami da makiya - tashi hussars, wanda, saboda fuka-fuki baya sosai kamar tashi a kan fagen fama.

Har ila yau maras tabbas hussars burge kowa da kowa, tare da ra'ayoyi. Yana samu ga m oddities. Saboda haka, da dakarun na Ivan da Munin, sun zama kusa Kazan, ya zo a babbar yamutsewa lõkacin da suka ga kasashen waje Cossacks - Hussars, festooned tare da gashinsa, da ake konkoma karãtunsa fãtun daban-daban dabbobi, daga damisa to kai. Mafi yawa daga cikin sojojin tunani da suka gan a gaban Indiyawan, kuma ba zamani sojojin doki.

Kamar yadda a zamanin yau kusan duk yara son zama 'yan saman jannati ko paratroopers, da kuma a farkon karni na 19th kusan duk Yaren mutanen Poland matasa so ya zama hussars. Amma shi ne wani Elite naúrar, ya dauki mafi kyau. Su da samun da a high girma da kuma mai kira jiki, mai kyau sojan doki da kuma horar da sojoji, da kuma mai kyau a] e da, a matsayin hussar ya kyau da kuma tsada dress (Elite bayan duk!), Shin, wani doki, da kuma wani lokacin 'yan dawakai, da dukan da zama dole kayan aiki da kuma makamai, da kuma na karshe amma ba kalla factor - jin tsoro. Domin kyawawan dalilai Lannes, Marshal na Napoleon ta sojojin, ya ce a lokacin da cewa hussars, wanda yana da shekara talatin da ya ba tukuna matattu, - sharar gida, ba hussar.

Ƙwaƙwalwar na winged sojan doki

Amma da winged hussars bai je quite baya. Ga jama'ar {asar Poland, wadannan sojoji sun daraja, m kuma jarumi kare kasar su da kuma ƙasarsu. Domin ta lokacin, sojojin doki sun gaske "cikakkar makami" a warware daban-daban soja rikice-rikice.

Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da kuma Elite regiments Winged Guard warai shiga memory ba kawai Dogayen sanda, amma kuma duk da mazaunan jihohi makwabta. Sun kasance kuma suna kasa heroes of dukan zamanai na Yaren mutanen Poland matasa.

Ko a yanzu, a cikin lokaci, akwai jirgi mai saukar ungulu fama naúrar kira a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin "Winged Hussars". Kwanan nan, wadannan jirage masu saukar ungulu sun kasance m zamani da kuma sake kayan aiki da sabon anti-tanki da makamai masu linzami da kuma wuta kula da tsarin. Wannan Yaren mutanen Poland saukar ungulu da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau yi yãki a cikin duniya da jirgin sama.