Gudun hijirar motoci hereon

Automotive masana'antu sun shagaltar bayan yakin duniya na II wani ɓangare na Jamus yana da kyau asalinsu. The gudun hijirar ko da Jamusanci Democratic Republic, ya ba da wani zalla agrarian kasar. Akwai shuke-shuke da masana'antu gudanar kamar yadda Auto Union, BMW reshe kuma da dama karami kamfanoni. Jamus injiniyoyi Don cire haɗin karatu a cikin wannan makaranta, don haka da kimiyya da masana'antu tushe na kasar shi ne a wani babban matakin. Abin da yake a cikin karshen mu aka mamakin da mota masana'antu na gudun hijirar?

Park motoci na gudun hijirar mota

Gudun hijirar motoci sãɓã wa jũna mai kyau iri-iri. Yana samar da m da aka sani ga duk, "Trabant", "Wartburg", EMW, "Horch", "Zwickau" da kuma DKV. Key siffofin na motocin fasinja na Soviet wani ɓangare na Jamus kamar haka:

• gaban-dabaran zane;
• biyu-bugun jini engine.
• tattali jikin duroplastic (mafi yawa).
• sauki da kuma m siffar jiki.

Mutane da yawa kamfanonin bayan da rabo daga Jamus an garwaya a cikin daya manyan mota Holding kira Ifa ( "Ifa"). Mafi sau da yawa nufi Ifa manyan motoci. The fi shahara model, daga gare su - W50L - ya Popular kuma yana da wani m sunan "Ellie".

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki da gudun hijirar da motoci, gyare-gyare, da kuma lokacin da lokacin da suka kasance bayar.

DKW - Jamus mota

A tarihin wannan kamfanin ya fara da karamin engine to keke. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da factory soja samarwa da aka kafa. Amma mai shi daga kamfanin ya iya duba gaba da kula da ci gaban more iko engine a wata m kudin. Na yi da ra'ayin ƙirƙirar mota da zai iya iya kusan kowa da kowa.

DKW-F1 model aka saki kafin yaki. Shi ne mai biyu-Silinda, iska-sanyaya mota. Akwai m dakatar da m gudu gidajen abinci, ko kuma m gudu gidajen abinci. "The mota na gudun hijirar" - da za a iya kira a model DKW-F8. Bugu da kari shi ne modelc da F9, wanda aka samar a cikin jiki, ko haduwa. Domin duk wadannan inji gaban-dabaran zane da kuma iska-sanyaya ikon naúrar ya hankula.

A shuka, wanda ya tafi ya saki DKV, located in Zwickau da Eisenach. Makala ga alama inji for F8 da F9 model ya Ifa. Yana magana ta membobinsu a cikin United mota kungiyar na gudun hijirar.

"Zwickau AWZ P70"

Wadannan ci gaban DHQ sun "Zwickau". DuropLAS T - maimakon plywood jiki rufe kwaikwayo na fata, roba an amfani. Wannan shi ne dace domin kafa kumshin abun da ke ciki na wani phenolic guduro tare da Additives auduga feathering. Saboda sauƙi daga samarwa, sauƙi da zumunta ƙarfi daga cikin kayan da sauri tsiwirwirinsu Popularity a cikin kasafin kudin mota yanayi.

Kamar dai da wanda ya riga DKW-F8, "Zwickau" yana da wani mai gangara engine. Akwai ya kasance ruwa-sanyaya kuma abin hawa lantarki tsarin ne 12 volts. A gearbox wani uku-mataki. Na zane fasali kamata a lura da igiya kaya. Ya gudanar dama ta cikin gidan ruwa sanyaya. Cars na gudun hijirar, da fasaha fasali wanda zai iya mamaki, tilasta sha'awan su a yau.

AWZ P70 mota kashe samar line a shekarar 1955 da kuma yana da wasu flaws. A musamman, domin ya sami damar yin amfani da kaya daki, da raya wuraren zama da aka saukar da zama dole. Akwai ma wani sinking gefen windows. A shekara daga baya ya bayyana combi version, wanda yana da babban taya da wani haske rufin sanya na makaran roba fata. More wasanni model aka saki a shekara daga baya, wanda yana da muhimmanci redesigned jiki, amma misali ga wadannan inji engine.

Rare "Trabant"

Trabant a Jamus nufin "Sputnik". A saki wannan sadaukarwa mota da aka kaddamar a 1957, lokacin da na farko Soviet da tauraron dan adam da aka kaddamar a cikin sarari. A total number of motocin, da aka buga a karkashin sunan "Trabant", ciki har da P70 magabata, wuce miliyan 3. Wannan mota iri na gudun hijirar da aka mai real alama ce kasar. Duk yadda zage, "Trabi", da kuma godiya ga wannan inji babban adadin mutane zai iya "tsaya a kan ƙafafun." Saboda haka, abin da ya wannan mota?

Kamar dai da wanda ya riga "Zwickau P70", "Trabant P50" (kazalika da version na P60 da P601) ya duroplastovy jiki a kan wani karfe kwarangwal. Da ikon naúrar wani biyu-bugun jini damar 26 lita. wani. kuma yana da 0.5 ko 0.6 lita girma. Engine sanyaya ya da iska. Fuel ga carburetor da nauyi samu daga man fetur tank, wanda aka located a nan, a cikin engine daki. Chadyaschie engine daga baya ya zama wata babbar hasara. Saboda shi a cikin "Trabi" wani sunan barkwanci - "hudu babur kwalkwali tare da general."

A gaba da raya suspensions sun m. Fasali, shi da aka yi a cikin su kẽta marẽmari. Madaidaici tuƙi kaya da aka za'ayi godiya ga tara kaya. Sashe na daga cikin mota, tsara don mutane da nakasa, da Semi-atomatik gearbox. Transmission kunna da hannu da direba da kama da aka yi ta atomatik ta hanyar wani na musamman electromechanical taro.

A shekarar 1988, da "Trabant" Inganci zuwa P1.1 model. Babban canji - sabon engine daga WV Polo damar 41 lita. wani. da kuma wani aiki girma na 1.1 lita. Baya ga classic sedan, Trabant da aka samar a cikin tashar wagon. Akwai kuma wani model na bude trump ga soja da kuma dayansu. Motocin fasinja na gudun hijirar, da tarihi na halitta wanda aka ɓullo da tare da masana'antu, ne mafi kusa ga yawan jama'a. "Trabi" - daya daga cikin wadanda motoci.

"Wartburg" daga gudun hijirar

Mark na gudun hijirar "Wartburg" mota - na biyu mafi shahara bayan "Trabant". Wadannan motoci suka taru a shuka a Eisenach mafi tun 1956. Dalili na da mota aiki a matsayin "Ifa F9" ko da DKW F9, wanda aka bayar a baya. Model nadi ya Wartburg 311. A bambanci zuwa "Trabant" da kuma da wanda ya riga, da "Wartburg" yana da mafi karfe a zane. The jiki na ya fi saboda abin da a cikin mota ya fi fili.

Da ikon naúrar 311 a Wartburg ya 3-Silinda biyu-bugun jini. Al'ada lubrication tsarin har yanzu ba a ƙirƙira. Saboda haka, daga shaye hayaki ya takamaiman da kuma rarrabe babur amo da aka ji a lokacin da engine ne a guje. Har ila yau, sabanin Trabant, "Wartburg" yana da wani ruwa sanyaya. A abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin model kamata hada da fairly zamani ga wadanda shekaru duba.

A shekarar 1965, da "Wartburg" jurewa zamani. An muhimmanci redesigned jiki. Zagaye line hankali maye gurbin kai tsaye. Gyara da aka ƙidaya 353. Manyan na ɗaki akwati ko mafi sāke model wagon da-kori-kura truck. Bayyanar mota wani abu reminiscent na Soviet Vaz-2101. Babban hasara na model ne guda 2-bugun jini engine. Kananan-sikelin samar sa da "Wartburg" mafi tsada, da bambanci ga wannan "Trabi". Overall, duk da haka, farashin ya samuwa, da kuma mota da aka samu nasarar fitar dashi zuwa kasashe makwabta.

Last gyara "Wartburg" ya faru a shekara ta 1988. Sa'an nan da mota samu lambar 1.3 da kuma samu wata al'ada mota daga WV Polo girma na 1.3 lita. Duk da haka, da sauran fasaha rata ya kasance mai karfi, kuma a shekarar 1991 da shuka da aka sayo daga ta Opel. A Wartburg yau, kamar yadda sauran gudun hijirar motoci - a rarity.

Soviet BMW

An sani cewa a kan ƙasa na Soviet Jamus (ko Gabas Jamus) ya factory BMW. Abin da irin motocin samar a shuka, wanda aka ma nationalized? Nan da nan bayan da yaki can aka sanya BMW 321 da BMW 327. The latest model ne classic wasanni mota a lokacin. Domin quite m waje bayyanar da na'ura boye 6-Silinda kuma kusan 2-lita engine. Fuel shiga cikin engine 2 carburetors. 327 model iya hanzarta zuwa 125 km / h.

Bayan kafuwar gudun hijirar don amfani BMW alama ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Saboda haka, an buga ta ta nadi - EMW, wanda fassara nufin "da Eisenach Motor Works." Kuma da farko misali na sabon kamfanin a shekarar 1949, ya zama EMW 340. An redesigned BMW 326 da, a gaskiya, na farko nasu mota gudun hijirar. Gaba daya redesigned jiki, da barin kusan canzawa powerplant. Yanzu da mota iya hau biyar na su. Karfin juyi an karu zuwa 4200 Rev. / Min. Duk da haka, saboda mafi girma taro na matsakaicin gudun ya kasa - 120 km / h.

3 samar gyare-gyare EMW 340: sedan, tashar wagon ko combi wagon da kuma wanda aka yi da itace. Motar da aka yi amfani a baje a kasa da sabis kamar 'yan sanda, asibitoci da kuma hukumomin gwamnati. Mafi yawa daga cikin motoci a yau suna da hannu a retrovystavkah da su ne kyawawan aiki rayuwa. Mutane da yawa fasaha mafita aka yi amfani da EMW sa'an nan aiwatuwa a cikin "Wartburg 311". Real gudun hijirar motoci, photos, bayanin wanda za a iya samu a wannan labarin, a yau - real rarities.

Motoci ga zobe tseren - "Melkus RS1000"

Muna magana ne game da wani tseren mota daga Jamus Democratic Republic, wanda tattara kananan bita a karkashin shugabanci na Heinz Melkusa. Wannan mutumin nan da wani m racer zobe. Farko da ya bude wani tuki makaranta, sa'an nan kuma akwai wani ra'ayin da ya tattara a kan tushen da "Wartburg" tseren motoci.

A 1959 ya zo na farko wasanni bambance-bambancen da Melkusa. A tsarin sunan da aka sauki: "Melkus-Wartburg". A shekarar 1968, ya fara aiki a jiki, a cikin wani nau'i na wasanni Santa Fe daga fiberglass. Wannan model kwakwalwa gaba da irin gull-reshe kofofin. Kamar yadda ikon naúrar amfani da 70 ko 90 horsepower mota a juz'i na 1-1.2 lita. Godiya ga shi, mai tseren mota zai iya isa gudu zuwa 165 km / h (for 9 da dakika zuwa 100 km / h). Wannan canji da aka sanya Melkus RS1000. Kawai game da 100 kofe aka samar. Abin baƙin ciki, bayan mutuwar Heinz ci gaba da aiki a kan yin wasanni motoci bai faru ba.

All-dabaran drive mota na gudun hijirar

Gudun hijirar motoci iya ba fariya gicciye, ko da yake akwai real duk-dabaran drive (4 × 4) da inji, wanda ba su rarraba. The sosai farko shi ne "Horch". Outwardly da shi shi ne Horch 901, amma sunan da aka daban-daban - HK1. Akwai saka V-type engine, wanda ya 80 l. wani. a wani juz'i daga 3.6 lita.

Na biyu hudu-dabaran drive motoci da aka samar a cikin tsohon reshe na BMW a Eisenach. Main sunan - P1, amma akwai wasu zažužžukan: EMW 325/3, KFZ 3. By mota da wani 2-lita 6-Silinda ikon naúrar na 55 lita. wani. Kafin shuka gaba daya sāke gina karkashin "Wartburg", gudanar yin game da 160 guda P1.

Ainihin hudu-dabaran drive model, da gudun hijirar da aka daukarsa P2. Yana da aka samar a kan wani m "Object 37" a lokacin daga shekarar 1955 zuwa shekarar 1958. game da 1,800 raka'a aka samar a lokacin wannan lokaci. Externally, da mota da aka sosai homely. Kusurwa jirgin sama na jiki sun kasance watakila cewa cheap, don samar. Amma ga wannan bayyanar boye iko 6-Silinda engine na 2.4 lita girma a 65 lita. wani. da short-dabaran-drive tushe.

A karshe ci gaba da gudun hijirar zanen kaya ya zama wani abin koyi P3. Ground yarda ya zama ma fi - 330 mm. Number of motor "dawakai" kuma ya karu zuwa 75. Har ila yau, ya zama mafi wanda ake iya nuna bayyanar da jiki. Ga akwai wani 4-gudun manual da kuma 2-gudun canja hali. Zaka iya kulle da cibiyar bambanci.

Light truck "Barkas"

Cars na gudun hijirar, wanda ya wani iri Ifa nadi zahiri da kayayyakin daban-daban kamfanoni. Daya sani Vans da haske manyan motoci ne "Launch". Biyu-bugun jini engine na "Wartburg" ne haƙĩƙa, ba da mafi kyaun bayani. A wannan yanayin, "Barkas" da m dakatar a kan karfin juyi ga kowane dabaran. Godiya ga gaban-dabaran drive gida bene a Vans ya fi undervalued. Wannan in ji gagarumin ciki sarari.

3-Silinda engine tare da wani ƙarfi na 1 lita clocked abin hawa sama zuwa 8 mutane zuwa 100 km / h. A farko version of "Longboat" ya nadi V 901/2 da aka riga da zamiya gefen ƙofa. Ya ƙãga halittarku da irin wannan abin hawa a 1951-1957 shekaru.

Bayan gyare-gyare sun motoci tare da wani engine daga Il: "Moskvich 412". Wannan samfurin da aka mai suna Barkas B1000. Daga baya, a shekarar 1989, a kan "Launch" aka shigar dizal 4-bugun jini mota daga WV. index model haka canza zuwa B1000-1.

Babban tushe na "Longboat B1000" samu babban adadin specializations. A nan su ne:

• microbus.
• motoci ga motar asibiti.
• wuta injuna.
• motoci ga farfado da;
• makaran Vans.

Gudun hijirar motoci "Barkas" sun yawa a bukatar. Domin duk lokacin da suka samar da shi aka saki kusan 180 000 raka'a.

Babban Motoci "Ifa"

Domin kalmar "truck" Elisha "da wuya a ga membobinsu da wani mota ga wani takamaiman damuwa. A wani lokaci shi ne mai yawa na rikice, amma yana yiwuwa Ifa truck aka dauke W50L mota tare da wata kasa sunan" Ellie ". A harafi W a cikin suna nufin da birni inda aka tsara wannan mota - Werdau a wasika daga L -. birni inda an samar -. yawan 50 Ludwigsfelde ce da truck iya kawo 50 quintals, ko 5 ton.

Ifa W50L da dizal ikon naúrar farko da 110 lita. s, da kuma bayan gyara -. da 125 lita. wani. Yana samar da wata babbar yawan bayani dalla-dalla na truck. Akwai tabbata sun kashe gobara, cranes, juji manyan motoci, hakowa jihar Kano. A hoto na soja truck na gudun hijirar ma zai iya zama wanda aka nuna daidai W50L.

Babbar "Ellie" a babban bukatar da aka Popular ba kawai a Gabas Jamus, amma kuma kasashen waje. Tarayyar Soviet kuma ya yi amfani da modified babbar mota, kuma a flatbed truck. Bisa dukan 25-shekara lokacin daga na'ura mai sauka fiye da 570 dubu raka'a.

A manyan motoci "Robur"

"Robur" shi ne wani matsakaici-taƙawa manyan motoci, kerarre a 1961 a garin Zittau. Lalle Model 2500 iya kawo har zuwa 2.5 ton na dangi. Akwai kuma wani dizal version LD 2500 da kuma dukkan-dabaran drive soja version of Lalle 1800a, wanda ya dauki wani kaya na 1,800 kg.

A 1973, akwai wani canji a cikin shugabanci na kara dauke iya aiki. Yanzu dizal mota tashe 2.6 ton da kuma fetur - 3 da 2 tons. Powertrains sun zama karin iko. 75 "dawakai" sun zama fetur "Robur" da kuma 70 - dizal. Cab zauna canzawa da kuma housed 3 mutane.

Motar da aka ba kamar yadda rare kamar yadda Ifa W50L, kuma da tsakiyar 70s fara zama wanda aka rabu amfani. Kusan duk kaya gudun hijirar motoci, photos na wanda za a iya gani a cikin wannan labarin, yana da sauki kusurwa siffofin. Amma babban rata ya, ba shakka, fasaha.

M wagon multikar

Gudun hijirar motocin sun shakatawa motoci da manyan motoci. Amma daga cikinsu akwai irin wannan abubuwa a matsayin Multicar. Wannan haske-taƙawa manyan motoci ga dalilai daban-daban. Kamfanonin samar da multikary da kuma kira - Multicar. Yana dade dama har zuwa shekarar 2005.

Da farko multikary gudun hijirar yi nufi ga rarraba dukiya a cikin sito da kuma ma'aikata gabatarwa. Wannan dizal motocin DK2002 da DK2003. Daga baya, da modified model DK2004 aka mai suna Multicar M21. Wannan truck ma an progressively bada haske. Idan a farko da direba zai iya kawai tsaya shi, sa'an nan ya zauna, da kuma ƙarshe ya zama wani biyu gida multikara.

gudun hijirar bas

Bugu da kari zuwa wurin shakatawa na motoci da manyan motoci a gudun hijirar akwai bas Manufacturing kamfanin. Su ake samar da kamfanoni Fritz Fleischer. Brand S1 da S2 bas an gina a kan tushen da Ifa H6B. A cikin 70s na farko model na jiki da kuma maye gurbinsu da sunan: S4 da S5, bi da bi. Cars na gudun hijirar lamba S4, S5 har ƙarshen 80 ta bayar mai girma sabis, saboda baya daga kasashen waje "Ikarus" bas a cikin kungiyar tarayyar kasance ba.

maimakon a ƙarshe

Idan akai la'akari da gudun hijirar model motoci, zai san dukan tarihin samuwar. M da unsightly-neman motoci cike suke da wasu mataimaka mutane na wancan lokacin. Kuma a cikin wannan lokaci na gudun hijirar motoci - kawai curiosities.