Vasily Dark 2: A lokacin mulkinsa, Biography

Moscow Prince Vasily Dark 2 dokoki a lokacin da ya sarauta a hankali ya zama ainihin wani hadade Rasha jihar. Domin lokaci na mulkin Rurik kuma lissafta ga wata babbar yakin basasa tsakanin shi da 'yan'uwansa - contenders for iko a cikin Kremlin. Wannan mulkin gargajiya rikici shi ne na karshe a cikin tarihin na Rasha.

iyali

Future Prince Vasili 2 Duhu ta biyar da aka dan Basil na da Sophia Vitovtovna. Maternally yaro ya da wani wakilin Lithuanian mulki daular. A kan Hauwa'u na da mutuwar, Basil Na aika wa mahaifinsa-in Vytautas wasika wanda a da ya tambaye ka kare jariri dan.

A farko hudu da 'ya'ya maza na Grand Duke ya mutu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri ko matasa daga m lokacin da cutar, wanda aka sani a cikin tarihin matsayin "annoba." Saboda haka, magajin Basil na zauna 2 Basil Dark. Daga jihar ta ra'ayi, gaban guda zuriyarsa ne kawai da, saboda shi damar da mulki da zai raba ikon tsakanin yawa yara. Saboda wannan takamaiman al'ada ya mutu Kievan Rus da shekaru masu yawa ya sha wahala da Vladimir-Suzdal ƙasar.

A halin da ake ciki siyasa

Moscow sarauta ya ninki biyu dole ya zama guda saboda barazanar kasashen waje. Duk da cewa Basil II ta kakan Dmitry Donskoy ya ci Tatar-Mongol sojojin a kan Kulikovo Field a 1380, Rasha zauna dogara a kan Golden taro. Moscow kuma ya zauna wata babbar Slavic Orthodox siyasa cibiyar. Its shugabanni kasance waɗanda suka iya tashi zuwa khans, idan ba a fagen yaƙi, da taimakon jayayya diflomasiyya.

Daga yamma, da Gabas Slavic mulkoki barazanar Lithuania. Har 1430 shi Vytautas dokoki - kakan Basil II. A cikin shekaru, da fragmentation na Rasha Lithuanian shugabanni sun iya hašawa zuwa dukiyarsa yammacin Rasha sarauta (Polotsk, Galich, Volyn, Kyiv). Lokacin da Basil na batar da samun 'yancin kai Smolensk. Lithuania kanta aka ƙara mayar da hankali a kan Katolika Poland da ya kai ga makawa rikici da Orthodox rinjaye da kuma Moscow. Basil II ya zama dole daidaita da m makwabta da kuma ci gaba da zaman lafiya a nasu jihar. Lokaci ya nuna cewa ya yi nasara ba ko da yaushe.

Rigingimu da ya kawu

A 1425, Prince Vasili Dmitrievich mutu, da barin gadon sarautar zuwa goma shekara daya dan. Rasha sarakuna furuci da manyan m a Rasha. Duk da haka, duk da nuna goyon baya na matsayi na kananan Basil ya sosai mawuyacin halin. Ne kawai dalilin da cewa babu wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin taba, kakansa - mai iko sarki Lithuanian Vytautas. Amma ya kasance mai haihuwa, kuma ya mutu a 1430.

Wannan ya biyo ta a dukan sarkar da abubuwan da ya kai ga manyan yakin basasa. Babban m da rikici ya Basil II Uncle Yuri Dmitrievich - dan almara Dmitry Donskoy. Kafin mutuwarsa, da lashe Mamaia a kan hadisai gãdar da autansa gãdõn. Farga da hadari wannan hadisin, Dmitry Donskoy aka iyakance da cewa Yuri ya kananan birni: Zvenigorod, Galich da Vyatka Ruza.

Yara marigayin sarkin ya rayu cikin zaman lafiya da taimakawa juna. Duk da haka, Yuri aka san shi da kishi kuma soyayya na iko. A mahaifinsa ba, sai da ya gaji duk na Muscovy a taron na bai kai ba mutuwa yayansa Basil I. Amma cewa yana da 'ya'ya maza biyar, ƙarami da su da kuma zama mai mulkin Kremlin a 1425.

Duk wannan lokaci, Yuri Dmitrievich zauna minimis Zvenigorod yarima. Moscow shugabanni gudanar da adana su a jihar da kuma kara da shi saboda gaskiyar cewa domin na maye da aka halatta, bisa ga abin da kursiyin shige daga uba zuwa ga babban dan, jingine ƙaramin 'yan'uwansa. A cikin XV karni, wannan hanya ne in mun gwada sabon. Kafin wannan, a Rasha, bisa ga ikon gaji agnatic yawan shekaru, ko da dama na yawan shekaru (watau mahaifi ya dauki precedence kan dan'uwa).

Hakika, Yuri ya mai taimako ga tsohon tsarin mulki, tun da suka yarda da shi ya zama wani istinbadi m, a Moscow. Bugu da kari, ya sa doka da aka goyon magana a nufin mahaifinsa. Idan ka cire musamman mutane da, a cikin Moscow sarauta karkashin Basil II fuskanci biyu da tsarin gado, daya daga wanda shi saboda share wasu. Yuri da aka kawai jiran wata damar tabbatar da suke siffantawa. Tare da mutuwar Vytautas, wannan dama gabatar da shi.

A kotu a taro

A lokacin Mongol khans mulki bayar tasirin da zai yi mulkin, wanda ya ba da dama Rurikovich zauna wannan ko da kursiyin. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan hadisi ba ya tsoma baki tare da al'ada jũna, sai dai idan da mai nema ba tsoro makiyaya. Indomitable Khan ta yanke shawara aka azabtar da cewa a nasu gādo kai farmaki mashaya jini hordes.

Dmitry Donskoy zuriyarsa har yanzu sami tasirin sarauta, da kuma biya haraji, duk da cewa mangolawa ma ya fara sha daga kansa jayayya. A 1431, da girma 2 Basil Dark tafi zuwa ga Golden taro, don samun su izinin hawa. Lokaci guda tare da shi a cikin steppe koro Yuri Dmitrievich. Ya so ya tabbatar wa da Khan cewa yana da mafi dama ga kursiyin fiye da dan dan'uwansa.

Ubangijin Golden taro Ulugh Muhammad yanke shawarar a cikin ni'imar Vasily. Yuri sha wahala ta farko da hasara, amma ba za su yarda. A kalmomi ya gane dan dan'uwansa ta "Big Brother" da kuma mayar da su zuwa ƙasarsa ta gādo, to jira wani sabon damar buga. Our tarihi yana misalai masu yawa na rantsuwar kafara, da kuma a cikin wannan ma'ana, Yuri Dmitrievich ne ba yawa daban-daban daga da yawa daga cikin Sahaban da kuma magabata. A lokaci guda ya karya alkawarin da ya yi da kuma Basil. A Khan ta kotun ya riga ya alkawarta ta kawu ba diyya a garin Dmitrov, amma ba su yi haka.

A farkon jayayya

A 1433, goma sha takwas shekara haihuwa Prince of Moscow buga wani bikin aure. Basil II da matarsa Maria - 'yar sarkin takamaiman Yaroslava Borovskogo (kuma daga Moscow daular). A bikin yawa zumunta aka kira su zuwa ga sarkin, ciki har da yara Yuri Dmitrievich (ya bai nuna up, amma ya kasance a cikin Galicia). Dmitriy Shemyaka da Vasily Diagon har yanzu zai taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin yakin basasa. Duk da yake sun kasance baƙi na Grand Duke. A tsakiyar abin kunya bikin aure. Uwar Basil II Sofia Vitovtovna gan su Basil Koos bel cewa wai ya mallakar Dmitry Donskoy, kuma aka sace ta a maid. Sai ta tsãge kashe wani yanki na tufafi da yaro, wanda ya sa wani tsanani muhawara tsakanin dangi. Da suka ji rauni da 'ya'ya maza Yuri Dmitrievich nan da nan ya janye da kuwa shiga wurin mahaifinsa a kan hanya vandalized a Yaroslavl. A episode tare da sace abin ɗamara ya zama dũkiyar almara da kuma rare batu a cikin tatsuniyoyi.

Domestic jayayya zama haka dalilin cewa Zvenigorod Prince aka neman don fara wata babbar yaki da dan dan'uwansa. Koyo game da abin da ya faru a lokacin idi, sai ya tattara aminci sojojin da suka tafi Moscow. Rasha sarakuna sake shirya zuba da jini na da batutuwa saboda sirri da bukatun.

The sojojin Grand Duke na Moscow, Yuri aka karya ta a bakin Klyazma. Ba da da ewa kawuna da kuma dauki babban birnin kasar. Basil samu diyya a Kolomna, inda, a gaskiya, ya ƙare har a kai su bauta. A karshe, Yuri ya cika mafarki game da mahaifinsa kursiyin. Duk da haka, kai da ake so, ya sanya da dama m kuskure. New Prince tafi muwafaka da Moscow boyars, wanda tasiri a cikin birni ya manya-manyan. Support for wannan aji da su kudi to suna da muhimmanci sosai halayen iko.

Lokacin da Moscow aristocracy gane cewa da sabon shugabanni fara matsi fitar da tsohon mutane daga ofishin da kuma maye gurbin su da nasu 'yan takara, da dama, key magoya bayan gudu zuwa Kolomna. Yuri ya zama ruwan dare da kuma aka yanke daga babban birnin kasar ta sojojin. Sa'an nan, ya yanke shawarar zuwa duniya tare da dan dan'uwansa kuma amince da su dawo da shi a kan karaga, bayan 'yan watanni da mulkinsa.

Amma Basil ya ba yawa hikima to kawunsa. Back a cikin babban birnin kasar, ya fara m danniya a kan waɗanda boyars da suka taimake George a cikin da'awar mulki. Abokan adawar sanya wannan kuskure, ba shan la'akari da bakin ciki da kwarewa na abokan adawarsa. Sa'an nan Vasili sanar da 'ya'yan Yuri yaki. The Grand Duke aka ci sake kusa Rostov. Kawunsa sake zama gwamnan Moscow. Duk da haka, ko da 'yan watanni bayan wani garambawul Yuri mutu (5 ga watan Yuni, 1434). A babban birnin kasar, akwai m jita-jita, da cewa ya aka guba da daya daga majalisarsa. Karkashin nufin George, Duke ya zama babban dan Basil Diagon.

QFontDatabase Basil a Moscow

All sarautar Yuri a Moscow Vasily 2 ya kan gudu, yaki da unsuccessfully da 'ya'yansa maza. Lokacin da Diagon gaya wa ɗan'uwansa Shemyaka cewa ya yanzu yake mulki a Moscow, Dmitry ya ba su yarda da wannan canji. Ya yi sulhu da Basil, a kan wanda, idan nasara, hadaka samu Shemyaka Uglich da Rzhev. Yanzu biyu sarakuna, da suke a baya makiya, ya shiga soja don fitar da na Moscow ta babban dan, Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo.

QFontDatabase Basil, koyo na tsarin kula da sojojin abokan gaba suka gudu da babban birnin kasar a Novgorod, bayan shan tare da shi mahaifinsa taskar. Ya proknyazhil a Moscow daya kawai bazara wata a 1434. A cikin gudu-hijira ya dauki kudi ya tattara dakaru da kuma ya tafi tare da ita zuwa ga gefen Kostroma. A farko, ya aka ci a Kotorosl kogin kusa Yaroslavl, sa'an nan kuma a Battle of chereh River a watan Mayu 1436. Vasily aka kama da ya takwara da barbarously makantar. Shi ne saboda ya samu rauni, ya aka yi wa lakabi Squint. Tsohon Prince mutu a kurkuku a 1448.

War tare da Kazan Khanate

A wani lokaci a Rasha a zaman lafiya. Grand Prince of Moskovskiy Vasily II aka ƙoƙarin guje wa yaki da makwabtanta, amma bai yi nasara ba. Sa sabon zubar da jini ya kasance da Khanate na Kazan. A wannan lokaci, da guda Zolotaya Orda ya kasu kashi da yawa m ulus. The most kuma mafi iko ne Kazan Khanate. Tatars kashe Rasha yan kasuwa da kullum shirya tafiye-tafiye zuwa iyakar yankunan.

A 1445 tsakanin Slavic sarakuna, da Kazan Khan Mahmoud untied bude yaki. Yuli 7 kusa Suzdal yaƙi ya faru, a cikin abin da Rasha tawagar sha kaye. A fursuna da aka dauka Michael Verey da dan uwansa Vasily Dark 2. A zamanin mulkin wannan yarima (1425-1462) su na cike da aukuwa a lokacin da ya gaba daya hasarar mulki. Ga kuma yanzu, kasancewa a cikin Khan bautar talala, ya aka taƙaice yanke daga events a gida.

aka yi garkuwa da Tatars

Duk da yake Basil zauna garkuwa da su zuwa ga Tatars, ya kasance mai mulkin Moscow Dmitry Shemyaka - na biyu, ɗan marigayi Yuriya Zvenigorodskogo. A wannan lokaci, ya samu da yawa magoya bayansa a cikin babban birnin kasar. A halin yanzu Vasily rinjayi Kazan Khan yantar da shi. Duk da haka, dole ne ya sa hannu daya mai gefe kwangila a wanda ya ya biya wata babbar indemnity kuma, ko da muni, to ba wasu daga cikin biranen da Tatars a ciyar.

Wannan ya sa da kalaman na haushinka a Rasha. Duk da gunaguni na mutane da yawa a cikin kasar, na ci sarauta a Moscow Vasily Dark 2 sake. Policy asasshe taro ba amma kai ga m sakamakon. Bugu da kari, shugaban ya je da Kremlin jagorancin Khan ta sojojin, wadda aka ba shi da Tatars, don sake kursiyin domin tabbatar.

Dmitry Shemyaka, bayan ya dawo ya abokin ritaya Uglich. Jimawa shi ya fara garken zuwa Moscow magoya bayan, tsakanin wanda aka manyansu da kuma 'yan kasuwa, m tare da hali na Basil. Tare da su taimako, Uglich prince shirya wani juyin mulki, bayan da sake ci sarauta a cikin Kremlin.

Bugu da kari, ya soja kurum marar da goyon bayan wasu daga cikin shugabanninmu, wanda ya rigaya suka kaurace daga cikin rikici. Daga cikin su ya Mozhajskij m Ivan A. kuma Boris Tverskoy. Wadannan biyu sarakuna taimake Shemyaka ƙarya su ɗaure Vasily a cikin alfarma mazaunan Triniti-Sergius Lavra. Fabrairu 16, 1446 ya aka makantar. The kisan kiyashin da aka kubutar da cewa Basil ya tafi wani da yawa tare da m taro. Bugu da kari, ya aka sau daya yi umurni da su makantar da abokan gaba. Kamar wancan Shemyaka rama al'adar da mazan wa Vasiliya Kosogo.

bayan makantar

Bayan wannan episode, na karshe lokacin da aka kõre 2 Basil Dark. A takaice, ya ban tausayi rabo ya kara da cewa magoya bayansa cikin aristocracy Mãsu kai-kawo. Makantar kamar yadda ya yi tunani daga cikin mafiya yawa daga cikin shugabannin Moscow Jihar, wanda sun zama mabiyin abokan adawar Shemyaka. Na dauki amfani Vasily Dark 2. Me Dark samu ya laƙabi, mun san daga tarihin abin da ya bayyana wannan epithet makanta. Duk da rauni, yarima zauna aiki. Ɗansa, Ivan (daga baya Ivan III) ya zama idanu da kunnuwan, taimaka a duk jihar al'amura.

By domin Shemyaka Vasily da matarsa da aka gudanar a Uglich. Mariya Yaroslavna, kamar mijinta, ba a rasa zuciya. Lokacin da wani kõre sarkin ya fara dawo magoya bayan hatched wani shirin kama Moscow. A Disamba 1446 Basil tare da sojoji dauki babban birnin kasar, shi ya faru a lokacin da Dmitry Shemyaka ya tafi. Yanzu sarkin karshe zuwa mutuwarsa tabbatar a cikin Kremlin.

Our tarihi ya san da yawa jayayya. More sau da yawa fiye da ba su ƙare a cikin wani sassaucin ra'ayi, da kuma cikakken nasarar daya daga cikin jam'iyyun. A tsakiyar XV karni, wannan abu ya faru. Shemyaka tattara dakaru da kuma shirya don ci gaba da yaki tare da Grand Duke. A 'yan shekaru bayan dawowar Basil a Moscow, Janairu 27, 1450, akwai wani yaƙi na Galich, wanda masana tarihi la'akari da na karshe internecine yaƙi a Rasha. Shemyaka sha wahala mika wuyansu da shan kashi da kuma nan da nan ya gudu zuwa Novgorod. Wannan birni ne sau da yawa ya zama Haven ga waɗanda aka kwaso daga cikin Rurik daular. Mazauna bai fitowa Shemyaka, ya mutu na halitta haddasawa a 1453. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa cewa ya aka asirce guba ta Basil jamiái. Kamar wancan ƙare karshe ƙungiyoyin jayayya a Rasha. Tun daga nan, da sarakunan naúrar ba da nufin kuma da kishi su yi tsayayya da tsakiyar iko.

Aminci tare da Poland da kuma Lithuania

A wani matashi, Prince Vasily Dark 2 ba su sãɓã ba tsinkaya. Ya bai hana talakawansa a taron na yaki da kuma sau da yawa sa dabarun kuskure, zama hanyar zubar da jini. Makantar ƙwarai canja da hali. Ya zama m, a kwantar da hankula, kuma watakila ma masu hikima. An karshe soma a Moscow, Vasily dauki sama da na'urar lafiya da makwabtanta.

A babbar hatsari ne Sarkin Poland da kuma Grand Duke na Lithuania Casimir IV. A 1449 tsakanin shugabanni da shi da aka bayar da wata kwangila a abin da suka sani da kafa iyakokin kuma yi alkawarin ba su goyi bayan fafatawa a gasa makwabcin ta gida. Kazimierz, kazalika da Basil, da fuskantar da barazana da yakin basasa. Ba babban abokin hamayyarsa ya Mihail Sigizmundovich, dogaro a kan Orthodox ɓangare na Lithuanian al'umma.

The kwangila tare da Jamhuriyar Novgorod

Daga bisani hukumar Basil 2 Duhu ci gaba a cikin wannan hanya. Saboda gaskiya cewa tattarã Shemyaka Novgorod, da Jamhuriyar samu kanta a kadaici, wanda, a karkashin kwangila, da goyan bayan da Polish sarki. Tare da mutuwar 'yan tawayen prince zo a Moscow da jakadu zuwa soke cinikin takunkumin tattalin arziki da kuma sauran Prince mafita, saboda wanda jama'a da rayuwa ta zama fiye da rikitarwa.

A 1456 alkawari na yazhelbitsy da aka kammala tsakanin jam'iyyun. Ya kulla da matsayi na wani talakansa na Novgorod jamhuriyar daga Moscow. The daftarin aiki a sake de jure tabbatar da manyan matsayi na Grand Duke a Rasha. Daga baya, wata yarjejeniya da aka amfani da Ivan III ta dan Basil shiga arziki birane da kuma dukan arewacin gefen Moscow.

Sakamako na Board

A karshe shekaru na rayuwa Vasiliy Temny da aka gudanar a zumunta da zaman lafiya da shiru. Ya mutu a cikin 1462 daga tarin fuka da kuma rashin iya lura da wannan annoba. Ya kasance 47 shekaru, 37 daga wanda ya (tare da karya) ya sarkin Moscow.

Basil gudanar ya kashe kananan fiefdoms cikin ta iko. Ya jaddada dogara a kan Moscow zuwa wasu Rasha asashe. Lokacin da ta gudanar da wani muhimmin ecclesial taron. By domin na Prince Bishop na Lardi Jonah an zabe. Wannan taron shi ne farkon karshen dangane da Moscow Church of Konstantinoful. A 1453 da Byzantine babban birnin kasar da aka dauka da Turks, bayan da ainihin cibiyar na Orthodoxy koma Moscow.