Vanda Vasilevskaya: biography da kuma hoto

Yau tuna wanda da Vanda Vasilevskaya, ba kowa zai iya, ko da yake da zarar ta rayuwa classic na Soviet wallafe-wallafe. Amma bayan mutuwar ta babba karatu - Iosifa Stalina - Slava Vasilevskoy sauri iri na.

Yarantaka Vandy Vasilevskoy

Vasilevskaya Vanda Lvovna haife shi a Janairu 1905 a wani iyalin sanannun Yaren mutanen Poland ethnographer da kasa Leona Vasilevskogo.

Kamar yadda kuma ministan harkokin waje na Poland da Pilsudski gwamnati, mahaifinta ya shahara akan gurguzu views. Shi ya rinjayi da samuwar da halin da guda-shiryayye yar.

Rayuwa a Poland kafin yakin duniya na biyu

A nan gaba marubuci yana da wani kyakkyawan ilimi. A 1927 ya karbi diploma na Faculty of Philology na Jagiellonian University. Bayan karatu Wasilewska zauna a Krakow da kuma sanar a wata makarantar sakandare. Wannan mace zai iya sauƙi yi aiki, amma a maimakon haka ta shiga neman sauyi yunkuri na bar sojojin a Poland.

A shekara ta 1938 da marubuci shirya wani babban-sikelin malamai 'yajin, ga wanda ta sallame daga sabis. A wannan shekara ta sanya ethnographic balaguro zuwa Volyn. A kan tushen da aka tattara kayan Vanda Vasilevskaya daga baya ya rubuta littafin "Harshen wuta a swamps."

Bayan da balaguro Wasilewska koma Warsaw, inda ya samu aiki, a cikin Editorial ofishin na yara mujallu. A cikin kayayyakin lokaci, ta ci gaba da gudanar da juyin juya halin Musulunci aiki fiye da sa fushi a kan wani ɓangare na Yaren mutanen Poland hukumomi, kuma ta je kurkuku.

Ƙaura zuwa Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Great Patriotic War

Lokacin Nazi Jamus suka mamaye Poland, Vanda Vasilevskaya ya so ya bar kasar, amma hukumomi ki fitowa ta wani visa, domin an gudanar da biyu gwaji. Sai marubuci kafar shawo kan daruruwan kilomita kuma kai Lvov, wanda ya zama wani Soviet birni.

Ga Wanda L. nan da nan ya dauki Soviet dan kasa. Mutane da yawa sun yi mamaki da yadda Wasilewska iya wuce duk lokutta da jinkiri hade tare da motsi daga cikin shagaltar da yankuna, da kuma ba kawai take sami dan kasa, amma kuma ya zama mataimakin Koli Soviet na Tarayyar Soviet. Yana da aka ce cewa Iosif Stalin kansa domin taimakawa a cikin wannan.

Rayuwa a Lvov, Vanda Vasilevskaya rubuta wani denunciation na gaba Major vortex - Evgeniya Bereznyaka. Yana Wasilewska Allah wadai da shi ga Ukrainisation Lviv makarantu, da imani da cewa shi ne saba wa jam'iyyar siyasa. Yana da ga wannan harka, da yawa Ukrainians ba na son da kuma marubuci a yau.

A Lviv, ya ci gaba da wallafe-wallafen aiki Vasilevskaya Vanda. Littafi marubuci na ta shahara trilogy "The song bisa ruwayen 'da aka kafa a cikin wannan birni.

Da zuwan da yaki a kan ƙasa da Tarayyar Soviet, marubucin samu wani soja daraja na kanar ya fara zuwa gaban matsayin wani ɓangare na farfaganda teams. Sahaban lura da cewa m, mummuna Vanda Vasilevskaya, wanda kyafaffen kamar bututun hayaki, da kuma ko da yaushe ya tafi zuwa ga maza breeches, ya banmamaki ban mamaki magana.

A layi daya tare da agitation aikin Vasilevska edita yi aiki a daban-daban periodicals.

A shekarar 1942, Stalin ya umurci Vande Lvovna rubuta wani labarin na farfaganda gaban. A lokacin da marubuci ne kawai a watan jiya. Duk da haka, ta yi - wannan shi ne labarin "Bakan Gizo" Vandy Vasilevskoy. A shekara, wannan aikin da aka sa a kan allo, da kuma marubuci aka bayar da shi ta farko da Stalin Prize. A kudi ta bayar da domin gina wani soja da jirgin sama, "Warsaw".

Daga 1943 har zuwa karshen yaki Wasilewska yi aiki a matsayin babban jami'in edita na jaridar "Soviet Poland."

Bayan da yaki, marubucin koma rayuwa a Kyiv, inda ta samu wani raba Apartment da duk kayayyakin more rayuwa.

A karshe shekaru na marubuci

Bayan da yaki, Wasilewska ya sau biyu da aka bayar da Stalin Prize. Ta "Bakan Gizo" da sauran ayyukan kunshe a cikin makaranta manhaja. Kamar yadda wani kwaminis akida tabbatar, Vandu Vasilevskuyu aka sau da yawa ya aiko a kan kasuwanci tafiye-tafiye a kasashen waje. Bayan su, da wata mace da aka buga makala a wadda colorfully bayyana yadda bad rai jari hujja Turai da kuma yadda farin ciki Soviet jama'a. Saboda haka akwai "a Paris da kuma a waje na Paris" da "Haruffa daga Roma". A ãdalci ya kamata a lura da cewa idan ka jefar da duk sugary farfaganda, marubucin quite daidai to lura da yawa daga cikin matsalolin da na post-yaki Turai, musamman Faransa.

Well-ciyar da farin ciki rayuwar Wasilewska ƙare tare da mutuwar Stalin. Ba tare da ya karfi da goyon baya, na ɗaukaka na da marubuci iri na. Ta rasu a shekarar 1964, aka binne shi a Kiev.

Personal rayuwa Vandy Vasilevskoy

A marubuci da aka yi aure sau biyu. Ta farko mijinta ya da wani mai neman sauyi Krakow Marian Bogatko. A wannan aure da aka haife shi kadai ya na marubuci Hauwa'u, wanda bayan rasuwar tsohonsa (1940) da aka dauka Wanda a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Eva zama fassara, kazalika da yara marubuci.

Biyu da miji Wasilewska zama Ukrainian Soviet marubuci Alexander Korneichuk. Yana da aka yayatawa cewa aure sa zalla siyasa yanayi da kuma musamman soyayya tsakanin maza da aka ba.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Bakan Gizo": summary

Domin baya watan, a matsayin Ukrainian kauyen ɗari uku iyalansu, ita a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Nazis. A wannan lokaci, 'yan kyauyen yana da damar ya sha wahala da yawa. Mafi gida dauke daga masu, wanda aka jefa a titi, a cikin wasu da bukkoki housed Jamus sojoji quartered. Shanu, tumaki, da kaji da sauran tsuntsaye, dabbobi na dogon lokaci tafi, kamar yadda German raka'a aka umurce su da su forage a shagaltar da kauyuka. A farko ma'aikaci da kyau kauyen Malasha Vyshneva aka yi mani fyade da uku da sojoji, da kuma aka yi tsammani yaro daga daya daga cikinsu.

Duk da iko a kasar ne a yanzu a cikin hannãyenku daga Jamus kyaftin Kurt Werner. Ya lodges tare da wani gida bazawara Fedosov Kravchuk da ya farka Pusey (kawo daga makwabciyar gari, alkawarin aure, ko da yake mafi da matarsa, Louise, da kuma yaro a Jamus).

Warden yana da warware daga kurkuku da Jamusawa jama'a Gaplikov. Ya aiki - tilasta wa mazauna kauyukan ba occupants makon jiya, inda, inda boye alkama. Shi ya san game da koma kauye arba'in bazawara Olena Kostyuk.

Kamar yadda yana da kyau a san, mijinta bar wani juna biyu, matar kuma suka tafi wajen ƙofar, da kuma Elena tare da isowa daga cikin Jamusawa tafi zuwa ga partisan detachment, kunsha na goma sha shida samari, da kuma kula da su har sai da ya lokaci zuwa haihu. Sai matar nan ta koma bukka, suna begen cewa Jamusawa ba su sani ba game da shi, amma shi ya kasance ba daidai ba.

Kurt kokarin lallashe ta da hannu a kan guerrillas, amma mace ba yarda. Sa'an nan ta dare tsirara sojoji koro ta cikin dusar ƙanƙara da dukan tsiya, amma ba ta ba ta. Yunwa, daskararre rauni a mace kulle a cikin wani sanyi sito.

Makwabcin yaro mai suna Teddy Bear sanya masa hanya zuwa cikin sito da kuma so ya ba da mace da burodi, amma da ya lura da Agogon da kuma harbi. Uwar boys Galina Malyuchiha asirce saci dansa ta jikin, suka binne shi a cikin zauren.

Kashegari, da safe aka shirya taron, inda aka dattijo ya dauki garkuwa da shida manoma, alamar zartar da su a cikin kwana uku, idan manoma ba ba alkama da ba gaya wanda ɗansa aka ƙoƙarin kawo gurasa kãmamme guerrillas. Duk da haka, babu wani daga cikin mazauna kauyukan ba cika bukatun da occupants.

A halin yanzu, a wani fursuna Olena ɗa. Duk da rauni, sanyi, da yunwa, da mummunan yanayi, da yaro da aka haife lafiya. Bayan haihuwa, matar ta komo da tufafi da ba barci. Kuma a sa'an nan Kurt kirawo ta ga tambayar da barazanar kashe yaron, ya nema a ba da guerrillas. The mace bai yarda, da kuma kyaftin harbe ta jariri, sa'an nan kuma umurce da kisan mahaifiyarsa.

A halin yanzu Fedosiya Kravchuk san cewa Red Army na shirin nan da nan saki da kauye, kuma ya gaya wa sojojin, abin da kuma inda aka located a invaders. A wannan dare, wasu daga cikin gida headman ana kama da kuma "aiwatar" shi, ya jefa da gawar a cikin wani bushe da kyau. Da safe da Jamus yanke shawarar cewa dattijo gudu.

Kashegari, ta hanyar kauye da za'ayi a shafi na kama sojoji, wannan spectacle ne m mazauna. A dare, duk da haka, Red Army ta 'yanta kauyen. A cikin yaki for 'yanci mutu Malasha da cewa kashe da hannuwansu da Kurt. The manoma ake binne su a kabari da kuma sojoji da 'yan'uwansa kyauyen. Sama kauyen akwai wani rare hunturu bakan gizo.

Amfani ko rashin amfani "Bakan Gizo"

Nan da nan bayan buga wannan littafi ya zama mashahuri. Bugu da ƙari, American jaridu kasance tabbatacce game da shi. A kai-taken film, loosely dangane da labarin ko da zabi ga "Oscar".

"Bakan Gizo" da aka rubuta da dukan dokokin na farfaganda aiki: m kwatancin daban-daban da kisan-kiyashi da Nazis, Indomitable mutane, gwarzo kuma jarumi sojoji-kahon. Duk da bayyana harshe, da samfurin cike yake da wallafe-wallafen clichés. Mafi yawa daga cikin haruffa masu kama da ake iya faɗi. Jamusawa a matsayin m, m amma kumfa, m - a matsorata villain, da Jamusanci farka - wawa da kuma m. Ƙasƙanta yarinya mutu heroically, wanke al'aurarsu tare da jini. Mata uncompromising da yaron ya shafa a cikin sunan da na kowa kyau da kuma tare da wannan sauƙi sun haihu, da sa'a guda bayan haihuwa riga diluted barasa abin sha. Mutuwa a yaƙin da aka extolled a matsayin mafi kyau a kan bango na m talala na abokan gaba.

Har ila yau, akwai mutane da yawa inconsistencies a cikin labarin. Alal misali, da Jamus ne a kauyen ga wata, amma ba su iya lissafa duk mazauna. A cikin ƙauyen, kusa da suna aiki guerrillas, wanda Jamus tsõron a matsayin wuta kyaftin mãsu tsarẽwa a m hour, da kuma cewa sauƙi encircles a kusa da ku yatsa tsofaffi gwauruwa ta gaske. Ƙasƙanta Malasha babu inda da a kan rana ta goma da cikakken sani cewa tana da ciki. Kuma gestation Olena ma ba za smoothly. Marubucin ya bayyana wuri noma iyalan da suka kasance a kan gab da yunwa, amma su ci gaba da cin abinci don ba shi da soja.

Duk da haka, duk da yawa shortcomings, yana da daraja ambaton cewa ga labarin, rubuta kawai wata daya, "Bakan Gizo" ne da mummunar. Haka kuma, shi da aka rubuta a matsayin farfaganda yanki domin gyaran ruhu a lokacin yaki da kuma da rawar cika daidai, zama ga mutane da yawa a ray na haske da kuma bege.

Vanda Vasilevskaya, "Kamar love"

A shekarar 1944, wani Wasilewska ya rubuta sanannun labari mai taken "Kamar love". A shi ta kokarin bayyana ruhaniya irin abubuwan da matansu jiran mazansu zuwa yaki. Idan aka kwatanta da "Bakan Gizo" da wannan aiki ne sosai zurfi bayyana tunani na mata a cikin yaki.

A game da labarin shi ne wani matashi da kyau ilmin mace, Mary, aiki a matsayin nas. Ta, kamar dubban ta compatriots, ana sa ran mijinta Gregory daga gaban. Nan da nan ya zo da labarai da ya mutu. Maria ne sosai m, amma ya yi murabus da kansa tare da lokaci. Ba da da ewa bayan labarai na mutuwa na Grisha ne ba daidai ba, kuma ya koma gida. Duk da haka, ƙaunataccen mijinta haka haƙõra waje, cewa Maryamu fara ze cewa ta tsaya m da shi. Amma a 'yan watanni a wurin aiki a mace tana fuskantar da bazawara, wanda miji ya kwanan nan ya mutu a asibiti. Baƙin ciki da tasiri sosai a kan Maryama, cewa ta gane nawa ta ƙaunace ta zahiri Grisha.

Yanzu ze rabu amfani da dama daga cikin ayyuka, wanda aka rubuta ta hanyar Vanda Vasilevskaya. Biography na mace da aka sani da UPS da kuma hambarar da, amma yanzu dogon tafi da zamanin, kuma da gaskiya da cewa shi ya bayyana a cikin rubuce-rubucen. Amma kar ka manta da cewa a lokacin da labarin Vandy Vasilevskoy taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin nasara a kan farkisanci.