Jamus taro sansanin lokacin yakin duniya na II (jerin)

Fin Karfi da laifi zai kasance kullum rabuwa Concepts. Tun shigar da jini gatari na yaki Nazi Jamus a kan duniya, zubar da jinin marar laifi daga cikin babbar dama shafa.

Asalin farko taro sansanonin

Da zarar iko a Jamus da Nazis zo - na farko "factory na mutuwa" ya fara da za a halitta. Taro sansanin - An gangan sanye take cibiyar, tsara don taro tilasta gidan yari, da kuma fursunonin yaki da fursunonin siyasa. Sunan kanta, kuma zuwa wannan rana wahayi da yawa tsoro. Maida hankali sansani a Jamus su ne wurin zama daga cikin mutane wanda aka ake zargin na rike da anti-farkisanci motsi. A farko taro sansanonin da aka located kai tsaye a cikin Uku Reich. Bisa ga "gaggawa littafai Reich shugaba ga Kariya Mutane da Jihar" aka kama domin wani m Lines na duk waɗanda suka riƙi maƙiya Nazi tsarin mulki.

Amma da zaran yaki ya fara - makarantun sun zama wata katuwar inji cewa suppressed da kuma halakar da mai girma yawan mutane. Jamus taro sansanin lokacin yakin duniya na II da aka cika da miliyoyin fursunoni: Yahudawa, gurguzun, Dogayen sanda, Roma, Soviet jama'a da sauransu. Daga cikin dalilai da yawa domin mutuwar miliyoyin mutane mafi muhimmanci su ne wadannan:

• m izgili.
• cuta.
• matalauta yanayi;
• sha;
• tukuru jiki aiki.
• ba na mutum ba likita gwaje-gwajen.

Development of wani m tsarin

A total number of daidaituwa aiki cibiyoyin a lokacin da aka game da 5000. Jamus taro sansanin lokacin yakin duniya na II yana da wani daban-daban manufa da kuma iya aiki. Watsa da na launin fata ka'idar a 1941 ya haifar da sansanonin ko "masana'antu na mutuwa", bayan ganuwar da ake tsare da kashe Yahudawa farko, sa'an nan kuma mutanen da suka kasance a wasu "na baya" mutanen. The sansanonin da aka kafa a shagaltar da yankuna na gabashin Turai.

A lokaci na farko na ci gaba da wannan tsarin ne halin da gina sansanonin a Jamus ƙasa, wanda yana da iyakar kama tare da riko. Suka bayar domin gyaran da abokan adawar na Nazi tsarin mulki. A wannan lokacin, sun kasance game da 26 dubu fursunoni, gaba daya a kewaye daga waje duniya. Ko da a cikin taron na wuta ceto ma'aikatan da bãbu wani hakki a zauna a sansanin.

Na biyu lokaci - yake 1936-1938, lokacin da yawan fursunonin girma cikin sauri da kuma samuwar sabuwar tsare da wuraren da ake bukata. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na waɗanda aka cafke sun rasa gidajensu, kuma waɗanda ba su son aiki. Yana da za'ayi wani irin tsarkakewa jama'a daga anti-zamantakewa abubuwa da tozarta da Jamusanci al'umma. Wannan shi ne lokacin erection na irin sanannun sansanonin kamar Sachsenhausen da Buchenwald. Daga baya suka fara aika Yahudawa bautar talala.

The uku lokaci na tsarin raya fara kusan lokaci guda da yakin duniya na biyu kuma yana har farkon 1942. Yawan fursunonin da suke zaune a wani taro sansani a Jamus a lokacin yakin duniya na II, ta ƙara kusan sau biyu saboda da kãmamme Frenchmen, Dogayen sanda, Belgians, da kuma wakilan sauran kasashe. A wannan lokaci, da yawan fursunonin a Jamus da Austriya ne sosai kasa da yawan waɗanda suke a cikin sansanonin, gina a cikin nasara da yankuna.

A lokacin da na hudu da karshe lokaci (1942-1945) ƙwarai inganta da tsananta wa Yahudawa da Soviet fursunonin yaki. Yawan fursunoni ne game 2.5-3 miliyan.

The Nazis shirya "factory na mutuwa" kuma sauran irin wannan cibiyoyin da ake tsare a cikin wasu kasashe na yankuna. A mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shi ne maida hankali sansani a Jamus, a jerin wanda shi ne kamar haka:

• Buchenwald.
• Halle.
• Dresden.
• Frankfurt.
• Katbus.
• Ravensbrück.
• Schlieben.
• Spremberg.
• Dachau.
• Essen.

Dachau - na farko sansanin

Daga cikin na farko a Jamus Camp Dachau da aka kafa, dake kusa da eponymous karamin gari kusa Munich. Ya kasance mai irin model ga halittar nan gaba tsarin na Nazi correctional cibiyoyin. Dachau - taro sansanin, wanda ya wanzu for shekaru 12. Yana tsare da babbar dama Jamus fursunonin siyasa da kuma antifascists fursunoni, Malamai, 'yan siyasa da kuma jama'a gwagwarmaya daga kusan dukkan kasashen Turai.

A shekarar 1942 a kan ƙasa na kudancin Jamus tsarin fara a halitta, kunsha na 140 ƙarin sansani. Dukan su mallakar "Dachau" da kuma tsarin dauke da fiye da 30,000 fursunoni, a yi amfani da wani iri-iri nauyi aiki. Daga cikin fursunonin da abin ya shafa da kuma duk aka sani anti-farkisanci mũminai Martin Niemöller, Gabriel V kuma Nikolai Velimirovic.

Hukumance Dachau aka ba tsara don kashe mutane. Amma, duk da wannan, da hukuma yawan fursunonin da suka mutu a can ne a kusa da 41,500 mutane. Amma hakikanin adadin ne yafi hakan.

Har ila yau dauke da fitar da dama likita gwaje-gwajen da za'ayi a kan dan Adam bayan wadanda katangu. A musamman, akwai lokatan gwajen shafe nazarin rinjayar tsawo a kan jikin mutum da kuma nazarin da zazzabin cizon sauro. Bugu da kari, da fursunoni da za'ayi gwaje-gwaje na sabon kwayoyi, styptic.

Dachau Taro Camp tare da wani mummunar suna, saki Afrilu 29, 1945 soja 7th Army Amurka Armed Forces.

"Aiki da ke sa ka free"

Wannan magana daga karfe bukovok sanya sama da babban ƙofar Auschwitz Nazi taro sansanin, wata alama ce ta tsoro da kuma kisan kare dangi.

Saboda da kara yawan Dogayen sanda sun kama akwai bukatar haifar da wani sabon sarari na da abun ciki. A 1940-1941, daga karkarar da Polish birnin Oswiecim da ƙauyukanta aka fitar da duk mazauna. Wannan wuri da ake nufi ga ilimi sansanin.

Yana kunshi:

• Auschwitz I;
• Auschwitz-Birkenau.
• Auschwitz-Buna (ko Auschwitz III).

Kewaye da dukkan sansanonin da aka located hasumiya da barbed waya, wanda shi ne a karkashin lantarki ƙarfin lantarki. A wariya zone aka located a mai nĩsa a waje da sansani da kuma yana da sunan "area ban sha'awa".

A fursunoni da aka kawo a nan a cikin jiragen kasa daga ko'ina Turai. An sa'an nan kuma ya kasu kashi 4 kungiyoyin. A farko, kunsha, yafi na Yahudawa da unusable takarda mutane nan da nan gassed.

Wakilai daga cikin biyu su yi wani iri-iri na aiki a masana'antu. A musamman, kurkuku aiki da aka yi amfani da a matatar "Buna-Werke," tsunduma a samar da fetur, da kuma roba roba.

Da na uku na sabon baya, su waɗanda suka yi a nakasar jiki munanan. Wadannan sun kasance mafi yawa tagwaye da dwarfs. Suka tafi zuwa ga "core" taro sansanin anti-adam da sadistic gwaje-gwajen.

A karo na hudu kungiyar kunshi musamman zaba mata suka amsa kamar yadda bãyinSa, kuma sirri bayi na SS. Su ma dabam-dabam kwace daga isa fursunoni kayayyakinsu.

The inji na karshe bayani na Yahudawa tambaya

Kowace rana a sansanin akwai fiye da 100,000 fursunoni, wanda ya rayu a kan 170 kadada a 300 barikin. Suka tsunduma a cikin shiri na farko fursunoni. A barikin da aka yi da itace da kuma ya ba shi da tushe. A cikin hunturu, wadannan yankunan sun kasance musamman sanyi, saboda su aka mai tsanani tare da 2 kananan dafuwa.

Crematorium a Auschwitz Birkenau da aka sanya a karshen waƙoƙi. Suka hada da iskar gas da bẽnãye. Kowace daga cikinsu aka dauka zuwa 5 sau uku Tanderu. Sauran crematory sun karami da kuma kunshi daya vosmimufelnoy gagarumar wuta. Dukan su yi aiki kusan a kusa da nan kowane lokaci. Break yi kawai domin tsabtace tandã daga mutum turɓãya da unburned man fetur. Duk wannan da aka fitar dashi da kusa filin da kuma jefar a musamman rami.

Kowane gas jam'iyya iya saukar game da 2500 mutane, da suka mutu domin 10-15 minti. Bayan da cewa jikinsu aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani crematorium. A wurin da suke, da sauran fursunoni da aka riga shirya.

A manyan yawan gawawwakin ba ko da yaushe saukar da da crematoria, don haka a shekarar 1944 suka fara ƙone a titi.

Wasu facts daga tarihi na Auschwitz

Auschwitz - da taro sansanin, da tarihi na wanda ya hada da cin kwallo kamar 700 gudun hijira yunkurin, rabin abin da aka kammala cikin nasara. Amma ko da idan wani gudanar ya tsere - nan da nan don su kama duk dangi. Su ma an aika zuwa aiki sansani. The fursunoni, wanda ya rayu tare da gudun hijira a cikin daya naúrar, aka kashe. A wannan hanya mai natsuwa sansanin iko bari tsere yunkurin.

A saki wannan "factory na mutuwa" da aka gudanar Janairu 27, 1945. 100 dakaru Division karkashin Janar Fedor Krasavina dauki sansanin yankin. A rayuwa a wancan lokaci akwai kawai 7.500 mutane. Nazis a lokacin da suka yi ritaya kashe ko tura zuwa Uku Reich fiye da 58.000 fursunoni.

Kafin mu lokaci ba mu san ainihin yawan rayukan da aka kwashe zuwa Auschwitz. Yadda yawa rãyukansu yawon fursunoni a can zuwa wannan rana? Auschwitz - taro sansanin, da tarihi na wanda aka hada da rayuwar 1.1-1.6 miliyan fursunoni. Ya zama wani bakin ciki alama ce da m laifi a kan bil'adama.

Kare ƙarshe sansanin na mata

Kawai wata babbar taro sansanin na mata a Jamus ya Ravensbruck. Yana da aka tsara domin gyaran 30 dubu mutane, amma a karshen yaki akwai fiye da 45,000 fursunoni. Wadannan sun hada da Rasha da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland mata. A gagarumin rabo sun Yahudawa. Wannan mata ta maida hankali sansanin da aka ba hukuma tsara don daban-daban fursunonin zalunci, amma irin wannan m ban kasance ma ba ya nan.

Bayan kudin shiga ga Ravensbrück mata kwashe dukan abin da suka. Suna gaba daya kwace, wanke, aski, kuma ba aikin tufafi. Bayan wannan fursuna rarraba a cikin barikin sojan.

Ko kafin shiga sansanin zabi mafi lafiya da kuma iya-bodied mata, da sauran - kasance halakakku. Waɗanda suka tsira, yin daban-daban jobs alaka da yi da kuma dinki bitar.

Zuwa ga karshen yaki, shi gina wani crematorium da kuma iskar gas jam'iyya. Kafin wannan, akwai kisan kare-dangi, ko maras aure idan ya cancanta. Aika mutum toka kamar yadda taki a kan filayen kewaye da mace taro sansanin ko kawai zuba a cikin Gulf.

Abubuwa na wulakanci da abubuwan a Ravesbryuke

A mafi muhimmanci abubuwa wulãkanci a sakamakon Ƙidayar, juna alhakin kuma cika mutum mai rai yanayi. Har ila yau Ravesbryuka alama ne gaban asibiti, tsara don gwaje-gwajen a yan adam. A nan, da Jamus za'ayi da gwaji na sabon kwayoyi, pre-infecting ko jikin fursunoni. Yawan fursunonin rage hanzari a tare da tare da na yau da kullum tsaftacewa ko zabe, a lokacin da hallaka dukan matan da suka rasa ikon aiki ko da matalauta bayyanar.

A lokacin da kwato sansanin, akwai kimanin 5000 mutane. Sauran fursuna ko dai sun kashe ko tura zuwa wasu taro sansanonin na Nazi Jamus. A karshe, fursunoni mata da aka saki a watan Afrilu 1945.

Maida hankali sansani a Salaspils

Da farko, da maida hankali sansanin Salaspils halitta su dauke cikinta Yahudawa. An kawo akwai daga Latvia da kuma sauran kasashen Turai. A farko gine-gine da aka za'ayi ta Soviet fursunonin yaki da suke a Stalag 350, dake kusa da nan.

Tun da farko na yi a lokacin da Nazis kashe kusan dukan Yahudawa a cikin ƙasa na Latvia, sansanin tabbatar da unclaimed. A wannan batun, a watan Mayu 1942, a wani komai a dakin Salaspilsa sanya kurkuku. Yana dauke da duk wadanda suka karkata daga aiki sabis, tausaya tare da Soviet hukumomi, da sauran abokan adawar na Hitler tsarin mulki. Wadannan mutane da aka aika zuwa mutu mutuwar akuba. A sansanin da aka ba son wani irin cibiyoyin. Akwai wani gas da bẽnãye, ko crematoria. Duk da haka, akwai aka halaka game da 10 dubu fursunoni.

yara Salaspils

Salaspils taro sansanin wani wuri da ake tsare da yara, wanda ake amfani da domin samar da su da jinin da rauni Jamus sojoji. Bayan da jini janye hanya mafi yawan yara fursunoni mutu sosai da sauri.

Su aka sa a raba barikin da kuma hana har ma da mafi ƙarancin m kula. Amma shi ba sanyi, kuma m rai yanayi sun babban dalilin mutuwar yara da kuma gudanar da gwaje-gwajen, ga wadda suka kasance a matsayin gwajin batutuwa.

Yawan matasa fursunoni wanda ya mutu a cikin ganuwar Salaspils, yana da fiye da 3 da dubu. Shi ne kawai da yara na taro sansanonin, wanda suke karkashin 5 years old. Jikunan kone, yayin da sauran da aka binne shi a Garrison hurumi. Mafi yawa daga cikin yara ya rasu saboda tausayi jini famfo.

A rabo daga cikin mutanen da suke a cikin taro sansani a Jamus a lokacin Great Patriotic War, ya ban tausayi da kuma bayan saki. Zai ze cewa har yanzu za a bambamce! Bayan da Nazi aikin gandu cibiyoyin, suka dauka fursuna na Gulag. Zumunta da yara da aka repressed kuma dauke da kansu ex-fursunoni a matsayin "mayaudara." Su ne kawai aiki a kan mafi wuya da kuma low-biya jobs. Kawai kaɗan daga gare su gudanar da ƙarshe karya fitar a cikin mutane.

Jamus taro sansanin - shi ne shaidar mai tsanani da kuma inexorable gaskiya da mafi zurfi karkatar bil'adama.