Kiev sarauta: Gwargwadon matsayi da kuma halaye na Board

Kiev sarauta, da ɓangaren da na wanda za a tattauna kara, dade daga 1132 for 1471 shekaru. Ƙasarsu hada ƙasar clearings da Drevlyane a cikin Dnieper River da kuma ta aikin gandu - Pripyat, takaddamarsu, Irpen da Ros, kuma wani ɓangare na hagu banki.

Kiev sarauta: Gwargwadon wuri

Wannan ƙasa kẽwayesu Polotsk a ƙasar arewa-yamma, da arewa maso gabashin ya Chernigov. Western da kuma kudu maso yammacin makwabta sun Poland da sarauta daga Galich. A garin, gina a bisa tuddai, da aka fi dacewa dake a cikin soja. , Ya kamata a ambata cewa an da kare a ambaci Gwargwadon matsayi na Kiev sarauta. Ba nisa ta'allaka tsohon birnin Vruchy (ko Ovruch), Belgorod, kazalika da Vyshgorod - duk su yi mai kyau kufaifan da kuma sarrafawa da ƙasa dab da babban birnin kasar, wanda ya samar da ƙarin kariya zuwa yamma da kuma kudu maso yammacin gefen. A kudancin shi ya rufe mata kagarai tsarin gina a kan bankunan na Dnieper, da kuma yawan da-kare gari a kan kogin Ros.

Kiev sarauta: halayyar

A karkashin data za a fahimci sarauta jihar samuwar a zamanin d Rus dade daga 12 zuwa 15 karni. Kiev ya da siyasa da al'adu babban birnin kasar. Yana da aka kafa daga rabu yankunan da Old Rasha jihar. Tuni a cikin tsakiyar 12th karni. da ikon daga cikin sarakunan Kiev nauyi muhimmanci da kawai a cikin iyakokin na sarauta. All-Russian muhimmanci da aka rasa birni, da kuma gasar ga iko da kuma ikon dade har zuwa Mongol mamayewa. Kursiyin shige ga wasu m domin, kuma zai iya da'awar da yawa na shi. Kuma zuwa ga babban har da yiwuwar ikon dogara a kan tasiri da wani karfi da tsada na Kiev da kuma abin da ake kira "black hoods".

Zamantakewa da tattalin arziki rai

A wuri kusa da Dnieper taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki rayuwa. Bugu da kari ga sadarwar da Black Sea, ya jagoranci Kiev ga Baltic, abin da ya taimaka da kasashen yammacin Dvina da Berezina. Desna da Seim liaise tare Don da Oka da kuma yammacin Bug da Pripyat - tare da Neman kuma Dniester. Akwai abin da ake kira hanya "daga Vikings ga Helenawa", wanda yake shi ne da cinikayya. Saboda da tati da kuma m sauyin yanayi, noma ci gaba cikin sauri. An rarraba dabbõbi kiwo, farauta, mazauna aka tsunduma a kama kifi da kuma beekeeping. A cikin wadannan sassa aka raba farkon cinikayya. "Drevodelie" taka leda quite muhimmiyar rawa, kazalika kumar kasko da tanning zaman. Saboda gaban na baƙin ƙarfe adibas, shi ne zai yiwu ci gaban smithing. Mutane da yawa iri iri na karafa (azurfa, da kuza, da jan karfe, gubar, zinariya) aka kawo daga kasashe makwabta. Saboda haka, duk wadannan shafi farkon samuwar cinikayya da craft dangantakar a Kiev, kusa da garuruwan da shi.

tarihin siyasar

Kamar yadda asarar da babban birnin kasar na dukkan-Russian darajar, shugabanni daga cikin karfi mulkokin fara aika a Kiev proteges - "podruchnik". A m, a 1113, a cikin abin da kewaye fifiko soma a cikin maye a kan karaga da aka gayyace ta Vladimir Monomakh, manyansu baya amfani da su gaskata da hakkin ya zabi wani karfi da kuma faranta wa sarkinsu. Sarauta na Kiev, wanda yana tare da bayanin na tarihin jayayya, da ya juya a cikin wani fagen fama, inda da garuruwa da kauyuka sun sha wahala babba lalacewar, lalata, da kuma mutane da kansu da aka kama. Lokaci kwanciyar hankali Kyiv gan a sau da Vladimir Monomakh, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich na Chernigov, kuma Romana Mstislavovicha Volynskogo. Sauran hanzari m sarakuna kasance mafi labarun da colorless. Mugun lalace sarauta na Kiev, da ɓangaren da cewa ya yale shi ya tsare wannan mai kyau na dogon lokaci, a lokacin da Mongol mamayewa a 1240.

rarrabuwa

Ancient Rasha Jihar farko hada tribal mulkoki. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki ya canza. A tsawon lokaci, a lokacin da gida nobility fara da za a rasa muhallinsu saboda da yanayin da Rurik, suka fara samar da wata sarauta, wanda ake sarrafawa da wakilan matasa line. Zavedonny domin na maye ko da yaushe ya kasance rarraba. A 1054 Yaroslav Mudry da 'ya'yansa maza fara raba Kyiv sarauta. Fragmentation ya zama wani makawa sakamako na wadannan abubuwan. A halin da ake ciki ya kara bayan Lyubechenskogo Cathedral sarakuna a 1091. Duk da haka, halin da ake ciki ya inganta godiya ga manufofin na Vladimir Monomakh da ɗansa Mstislava Velikogo, suka gudanar ya ci gaba da mutunci. Suna iya sake sa a karkashin iko da babban birnin kasar na sarauta na Kiev, da ɓangaren da abin da yake quite m ga tsaro da makiya, da kuma ga mafi part kawai ciki jayayya ganimar da halin da ake ciki na jihar.

Tare da mutuwar Mstislav a 1132 zo siyasa fragmentation. Duk da haka, duk da cewa, Kiev har yanzu ga dama shekaru da dama da aka gudanar da matsayi ba kawai daga cikin m cibiyar, amma kuma mafi iko sarauta. Da tasiri ba a rasa gaba, amma ya raunana da yawa idan aka kwatanta da halin da ake ciki a farkon na XII karni.