Chelyabinsk birnin tarihi. Rana na birnin Chelyabinsk. Gashi na makamai na Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk - wani birnin da ya mamaye 7th wuri a Rasha cikin sharuddan yawan. Saboda da Gwargwadon wuri shi ne sau da yawa ake kira da ƙofa ga Siberia, wanda tabbatacce ya nuna da rawar a matsayin wani muhimmin kai cibiya da wata mahada tsakanin Rasha yankuna. Tarihi na Chelyabinsk, kuma da canji a cikin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci masana'antu cibiyoyin na kasar mu ne ban sha'awa ga duk wanda yake da sha'awar a baya na kasar mu. Saboda haka, a cikin labarin, za mu tattauna da shi a cikin daki-daki.

Tarihi na Chelyabinsk sunan

A lokacin, mafi plausible version yana dauke, bisa ga abin da wuri sunan da aka samu daga Turkic kalmar "Celebi", wanda fassara a matsayin "yarima" ko "ilimi". Akwai kuma wani ra'ayi, dangane da labarai na cikin zuriyar farko natsuwa na cewa sansanin soja Chelyaba, mai suna haka saboda fili, watau. E. "Silәbe" ( "ciki") a Bashkir. The latest version of kaikaice tabbatar da rubutu shahara na da Jamusanci matafiyi Ioganna Gmelina, wanda yake a Chelyabinsk sansanin soja a 1742.

tushe

Da bukatar wani sansanin soja dake kan iyaka da Urals da Siberia, Dates baya ga farkon XIX karni.

Hukumance, an zaci cewa kafa shekara na Chelyabinsk - 1736 th. A sa'an nan a wuri manyan Bashkir kauyen Chelyaba Kanar AI Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) aza Rasha sansanin soja. Ta fara da za a gina tare da yarda daga ƙasar mai Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. Wannan shi ne dalilin da cewa a kan lokaci, da Bashkirs sun kebe daga cikin haraji-biyan haraji. Daga baya, yi management Chelyabinsk sansanin soja da aka neme su Major J. Pavlutsky, wanda, a cewar wasu rahotanni, 'yan shekarun baya, a madadin na umurninSa, aka neman wani wuri da birnin ta kafa.

A farkon rabin karni XVIII

Kamar yadda aka ambata a riga, a 1742, Chelyabinsk (tarihi na birnin ƙunshi mutane da yawa m facts) ziyarci I. G. Gmelin. Shi ne na farko bayanin da sansanin soja. A cewar wannan takarda, shi ne a kan kudu kogin Miyass, kuma ya kama da Miyasskuyu a cikin USAID da shirin, duk da haka, ya kasance da manyan. A lokaci guda, ta yi kawai wani katako bango na tamkar katako, kowanne daga abin yana da tsawon game da 60 fathoms (160-170 m).

A cikin bazara na 1748 a Chelyabinsk fara yi na farko da dutse coci, wanda ya zama babban coci da Iset lardin. Ba da da ewa, birnin ya fara fadada rayayye, kuma akwai daban-daban jama'a cibiyoyin.

A cikin rabi na biyu na karni XVIII

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru a tarihi ya faru a 1774, shekarar da gwamnan A. Veryovkin iya tsayayya da wani yaƙi ya kewaye Pugachev. Amma bayan 'yan watanni da' yan tawaye sun iya shiga a Chelyabinsk da aikatã game da da hukumomi. Da kwato birnin taimake Janar IA Dekolong zo tare da reinforcements.

Idan kana sha'awar abin da kafa shekara na Chelyabinsk, kamar yadda wani gari, wannan 1781-th - shekaru 45 bayan kafuwar sansanin soja. Sai da na ɗauki sosai lokaci zuwa Bashkir kauye da wani Fort juya a cikin wani babban shiri. Wannan al'amari da aka alama ta awarding shi da matsayi na County gari. Bugu da kari, daga al'amarin Catherine biyu gashi da aka amince Chelyabinsk a kan wanda kasa daga cikin garkuwa wanda aka nuna a lardin Laden raƙumi.

A 1788, Chelyabinsk wani duniya aukuwa: wani gungun likitoci, jagorancin S. Andrievskiy, ya yi karatu Anthrax bayyanar cututtuka, ya ba da sunan ga wannan cuta, kuma ya ƙirƙira magani don kare da cutar.

A cikin XIX karni

A sabon karni da aka alama ta ci gaban cinikayya da sana'o'i. Saboda ta ɓangaren da kuma wuri a kan gargajiya ãyari hanyoyi (da gashi na makamai na Chelyabinsk shi ne a gani na wannan al'amari) zuwa ga tsakiyar XIX karni, birnin ya daidaita dauka wani abu matsayi a cikin harkokin ciniki adalci na Urals. Duk da haka, ta m girma ya faru bayan 1892. Ya na da hannu tare da kammala reluwe, wanda alaka Chelyabinsk da Turai larduna na Rasha Empire. An sani cewa shãmakace Alexander Uku, wanda soke a baya samarwa aikin ya shafi wani jirgin via Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen ka kewaye da birni. Tun 1892, Trans-Siberian Railway aka mika kara zuwa gabas. Commissioning na reluwe Ekaterinburg a 1896 da gudummawar mafi zama Chelyabinsk jagorancin matsayi a cikin filin na Inter-harkokin ciniki ya yankin. Isar da shi a ce a cikin 'yan shekaru, cikin gida kasuwa ne na farko a Rasha cikin sharuddan ma'amaloli saye / sayarwa, gurasa, da kuma na biyu - na cinikayya a shigo da shayi.

Chelyabinsk zuwa farkon karni XX

A 1897, Chelyabinsk yawan game da 20 000 mutane. A wannan yanayin, sai aka fahimci wani kaifi karuwa, wanda ya aka hade tare da fitowan na sabon ƙauyuka kewaye da tashar jirgin (cikakken bayani game da wannan za a iya samu ta hanyar ziyartar gidan kayan gargajiya na tarihi na birnin Chelyabinsk).

Layi daya ga wannan, birnin sabunta hanyoyin da bude makarantu a bangarori daban-daban, kamar addini makaranta, mata progymnasium, wani fasaha makaranta, kasuwanci makaranta, da dai sauransu .. Railway Club da jama'ar kasar House da aka gina. A fannin harkokin kasuwanci, a Chelyabinsk, akwai game da 1500 kasuwanci da masana'antu kamfanoni, jimlar shekara-shekara yawa na game da miliyan 30 rubles. Kullum bude cinikayya ofisoshin da dama na kasashen waje da kamfanoni da hannu a cikin wadata da Rasha Empire a matsananci-zamani lokaci na'ura da kuma kayan aiki.

Ga azumi muhimmancin ci gaba da kara girma na Chelyabinsk (tarihi na birnin a cikin XVIII-XIX ƙarni gabatar a sama), ko da ya zama sananne Zauralskaya Chicago. Riga ta 1910 da shekara tara da birni ta yawan ta tripled, kuma ta 1917-th - karu zuwa 70 000 mutane.

Tarihi na Chelyabinsk a lokacin juyin juya halin Musulunci events a cikin shekara ta farko da Soviet ikon

Bayan Oktoba 1917 a birnin, kamar sauran na Rasha Empire, da ke cikin guguwa na events. Bisa ga kiyaye tarihi takardun da shaidu ikon Ma'aikata 'Yan gunduma da aka gabatar ba kawai zaman lafiya, amma kuma ta karfi da makamai.

Abin lura shi ne cewa, daga cikin tarihi kimiyya shi ne a zaci cewa wani cikakken sikelin yakin basasa ya barke May 14, 1918, bayan da haddin shari'a na Czechoslovak Corps a cikin w / e. Chelyabinsk tashar. Ko da a cikin yanayi na rikicin siyasa, da birnin na ci gaba da bunkasa. A musamman, a 1918, ya sa a cikin aiki Chelyabinsk lif, wanda ya zuwa taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da yankin ta hatsi.

By tsakiyar 1919 a Chelyabinsk gaba daya mayar da halitta sabon gwamnati, da kuma ya zama na lardin cibiyar, kuma daga baya tare da Satumba 3, 1919 - gundumar.

A cikin pre-yaki lokaci

A farkon 1934, da Chelyabinsk yankin da aka kafa ta da shawarar da Jamhuriyar kwamitin zartarwa. Ya zama birnin da administrative cibiyar, kuma a 1937 tsallaka rijiya renaming Kaganovichgrad.

A daidai wannan lokaci, ba don wani lokaci tsaya da bunkasa masana'antu na Chelyabinsk. Isar da shi a ce idan ta 1919 a cikin birnin akwai kawai 2 kamfanoni daga farkon 1930 a can ya fara aiki abrasive, tarakta, ferroalloy, inji-kayan aiki da kuma tutiya da shuke-shuke.

Great Patriotic War

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu Chelyabinsk (tarihi na garin a karshen XX karni shi za a gaya baya) ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da sojoji, a sulke da motocin.

Daga farkon sosai na yaki a birnin samu dubban daruruwan evacuees. A sakamakon haka, Chelyabinsk yawan ya girma da 2.5 sau, kai 630.000 mutane. Bisa fiye da 200 kwashe Enterprises, ta tattara abubuwa masu kyau da na gida masana'antu da aka kafa masana'antu Refayawa CHKPZ, CMP, ChTPZ. Bugu da kari, daga 1941 zuwa 1945, Chelyabinsk (tarihi na birnin a wannan lokacin - shi ne labarin da taro aiki heroism na Soviet mutane) ya zama wurin zama daga cikin jama'ar kasar Commissars na tanki masana'antu, harsasai, matsakaici na'ura-ginin da kuma iko.

A wannan lokacin akwai wani connection damar da na gida tarakta factory kwashe daga Kharkov engine-ginin da kuma Birnin Leningrad, Kirov Shuka. Wannan zai kai ga samar da tankuna T-34, a rikodin lokaci. A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu 60 dubu dizal injuna domin fama sa ido sulke da motocin da aka samar a Chelyabinsk. Bugu da kari, a shuka mai suna Kolyuschenko ƙware da samarwa daga cikin shahararrun "Katyusha". Enterprises na Chelyabinsk a 1941-1945-m bi da bi samar da kuma dizal injuna, harsasai, lantarki da kayan aiki ga sulke motocin, sassa na VMS da tank motoci da sauran kayayyakin da ake bukata domin samun nasara.

bayan da yaki,

Bayan lashe Chelyabinsk zama maroki na kayan, kayan aiki da kuma manpower don mayar da Donbass, Stalingrad, da kuma sauran Dniproges halakar da ƙauyuka da muhimmanci masana'antu da makamashi da wuraren na kasar mu.

A shekarar 1947, an amince da birnin raya shirin. A sakamakon ta aiwatar, sabon unguwannin da kuma masana'antu shuke-shuke.

By 1960, birnin ya kara da cika fuska da kuma yawan cibiyoyin mafi girma ilimi, kuma a shekarar 1976 shi ya bude CSU, wanda ya zama na farko na gargajiya jami'a na Kudu Ural.

Musamman ma m masana'antu girma a Chelyabinsk da aka rubuta a farkon '80s, lokacin da kamfanin ya dauki wani abu matsayi a samar da bakin karfe bututu, ferroalloys da kuma hanya motoci.

A birnin ci gaba da al'adar. A musamman, a cikin 80s akwai aka bude wani sabon gini na Drama wasan kwaikwayo a 1200 kujeru, a zauren na jam'iyya da kuma sashin jiki music, ma'aunan kasa gidan kayan gargajiya da kuma Monuments "A cikin sabon hanya" da kuma Kurchatov.

A zamani lokaci

A farkon rabin "swashbuckling" 90s ya zama da wuya lokaci domin Chelyabinsk, kamar yadda akayi alama da fatarar na aluma, ba biyan albashi da kuma karkashin-kudi da shirye-shirye domin zaman jama'a Sphere. Abin farin, wannan halin da ake ciki dade a gwada gajeren lokaci, da kuma da karshen wannan karnin, birnin ya koma samar da aikin da yawa Mills da kuma masana'antu zo zuwa kasuwannin duniya. Farfadowa da na'ura An lura a wasu yankunan. A musamman, zoo da aka bude a 1996. A shekara ta 2004, tarihin titunan Chelyabinsk a bayansa da tare da wani sabon page, kamar yadda shahara Kirovka ya zama mai tafiya a ƙasa da kuma zama fi so wuri zuwa tafiya don yawon bude ido da kuma mazauna. Bayan shekaru biyu ya mayar da su cikin sabon ginin na Jihar Historical Museum of Southern Urals bude wani sabon gini, kuma a shekarar 2009 - da kankara fagen "Hoor", wanda kujeru 7500 kallo.

Daga sanannun abubuwan da suka faru a Chelyabinsk a cikin shekaru goma, yana yiwuwa ya lura da faduwar da meteorite, idan daga tsãwa lalace 7320 gine-gine.

Rana na birnin Chelyabinsk

A shekara ta 2016, wannan biki ya kasance na musamman. Bayan duk, birnin bikin ta 280th ranar tunawa! Chelyabinsk rana ce 10 ga watan Satumba m bikin da kuma jama'a bukukuwa. Total gudanar 60 events. Saboda haka yadda za a shige su duk a cikin sa'o'i 24 da ya gagara, da festival baza a kwanaki da dama da kuma ya samu halartar da yawa daga cikin babban birnin kasar ta taurari.

Yanzu da ka san abin da ban sha'awa events ya faru a birnin Chelyabinsk. Yau ya ke daya daga cikin masana'antu ƙattin na kasar mu da kuma dubi gaba da amincewa.

Idan kana sha'awar a cikin tarihi da kuma hadisan Chelyabinsk, tabbata a ziyarci garin inda ka son sani za ka gamsu bayan ziyartar gidajen tarihi da cudanya tare da yan unguwa.