The rarraba ruwan sama a duniya. Rawar da iska igiyoyin

Ruwan sama a duniya unevenly. A wasu wuraren da suka sauke daga kai a kai, sauran yankunan ba su gani su shekaru da yawa. Ta yaya ne rarraba ruwan sama a duniya? Abin da yake ya dogara ne?

hazo

Yanayi, wanda za a tattauna a cikin labarin kira yanayi ko hydrometeors. A gaskiya, shi ne ruwa da cewa da dama daga girgije, ko ajiye a farfajiya na duniya a cikin m ko ruwa form. Sun kasu kashi saka, tartsatsi, drizzling tare da ruwan sama.

The rarraba hazo a duniya, da mita da kuma tsanani ne babban halaye, wanda ƙayyade da sauyin yanayi. Suna iya bayyana a cikin nau'i na sanyi, ruwan sama, daskarewa ruwan sama, snow, raɓa, ƙanƙara, da sauransu. D. Suna auna a millimeters farin ciki Layer. A cikin shekara na duniya da dama a kan talakawan game da 1,000 millimeters hazo.

A daban-daban sasanninta na duniya da dama daban-daban hydrometeors. A mafi girma yawan faduwa a kan ekweita kuma a temperate zones, a cikin tropics da iyakacin duniya yankuna su ne m iya. A kayyade factor ne yanayi matsa lamba a kan surface, ƙasa, ajiye ƙasa, teku igiyoyin. Kamar yadda wadannan mamaki suna da alhakin rarraba ruwan sama a duniya?

Rawar da iska igiyoyin a cikin samuwar hazo

A fannoni da dama, da sauyin yanayi a yankuna daban-daban na kayyade iska taro. Su na marine da kuma m, kuma daban-daban zafin jiki da kuma zafi. Sea igiyoyin aka kafa a kan teku, kuma nahiyar a cikin ƙasar, don haka su ne mafi bushe da sanyi.

Ta yaya ne rarraba ruwan sama a duniya? Rawar da iska talakawa hade da mataki na yanayi matsa lamba. All kan duniyar tamu, shi ne ba iri daya ba, kuma aka sanya a kan bãyan tẽkun alternating zones.

A temperate latitudes da low matsa lamba a kan ekweita, kuma ƙasa heats mafi alhẽri. Dumi iska yakan up da sanyi yadudduka a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da yanayi da aka saukar da sake, amma a cikin irin hazo. Tropical da iyakacin duniya latitudes da babban matsin iska a kan su bushe, sai kadan hazo.

Bugu da kari, cikin iska taro ne kullum kewaya tsakanin zones, teku, da ƙasar a cikin nau'i na cyclones, anticyclones, iskõki. Ruwan sama na samar da monsoon daga teku. Hurawa daga ƙasar, shi ya kawo fari. By da mazauna wurare masu zafi cinikin iskõki kawo ruwan sama da kuma iska ta busa daga gabas zuwa yamma.

Ta yaya wuri?

A takamaiman halin da ake ciki a yankin ba shi da wani tasiri a kan kasa da rarraba ruwan sama a duniya fiye da kowane sauran abubuwan. An muhimmanci yanki ne da kusanci zuwa teku, domin akwai wasu iska talakawa suna kafa, kazalika da teku igiyoyin. Distance daga teku iya taimakawa wajen wani drier kuma mai tsanani sauyin yanayi, misali, a Gabashin Siberia. Ko da yake wani lokacin sanyi igiyoyin, a akasin haka, tsokane bushe weather.

Kasa latitud ne wani muhimmin factor. Musamman nunawa duniya tamu da taimako zuwa ga gaskiya cewa ta rabo an kona unevenly. Wannan bi da bi triggers da yanayi matsa lamba sunadaran da ake zagawa da iska talakawa. Saboda haka, a ekweita, da Duniya heats up mafi kyau, don haka da ruwan sama da yake mafi yawan fiye da, misali, a temperate latitudes.

tẽku igiyoyin

Da kusanci da wasu gudana zuwa ga nahiyoyin ne ma alhakin rarraba ruwan sama a duniya. Dangane da yawan zafin jiki bambancin da kewaye ruwa, teku igiyoyin rabu cikin wani dumi, sanyi da kuma tsaka tsaki. A farko iri biyu da wani tasiri a kan sauyin yanayi da kuma ruwan sama.

Dumi ruwa ya kwarara da aka canjawa wuri daga low zuwa high latitudes. iska ne mai tsanani da kuma evaporates a kan su, dauke da kan tekun na ruwan sama. The Gulf Stream ne mafi iko dumi halin yanzu a duniya. Yafi shi musababin da sauyin yanayi na temperate latitudes. Alal misali, a Turai, kuma Yanã ƙãra softens hunturu hazo (Dublin zuwa 730 mm).

Cold igiyoyin motsi a high latitudes a cikin ƙananan. Sun kawo a kan gaba daga cikin matsananci da bushe sauyin yanayi, ba m da wani dumi da kuma m babba iska talakawa. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar sanyi igiyoyin a cikin temperate latitudes, gẽfen rãfi na yamma na nahiyar sun kafa jihar bakin teku hamada. Saboda haka, Peru halin yanzu kusa da Chile tana goyon bayan da bushe Atacama hamada, da Benguela Yanzu - Namib Desert a Afirka.

topographic sakamako

Ba yanayin dalilai ba aiki a kadaici. Rarraba hazo a surface dogara a kan ha] in gwiwar. Darajar kuma yana da wani taimako. A duwatsu akwai iya rike da rigar iska talakawa, filayen, a akasin haka, taimakawa ga uniform rarraba.

Marine iskõki daga tekuna kawo m iska. Juya zuwa cikin gizagizai, ya dama a cikin ruwan sama ko dusar ƙanƙara a kan gangara. Saboda haka, dutsen gangara ta da m iskõki, samun tada, amma tsare su domin adawa gangara da sauran wurare na nahiyoyi.

Scandinavian baƙin ciki, Cordillera, da Andes ne wani shãmaki a westerly iskõki daga teku, da yawa searing sauyin yanayi na nahiyar da kuma gabashin gangara daga duwãtsu. Mai tsayi-Himalayan dutsen bel na'am da ruwan sama daga Equatorial monsoon daga kudu, amma ba da damar su karya ta a kasar.

A bushe sauyin yanayi na yankunan tsakiya na Australia ne saboda wani shãmaki cewa halitta mai girma rarraba Range. Its gabashin gangaren babba hazo samar da cinikin iskõki. Wucewa fadin kunya, su ne ma overheated kuma ba zai iya samar da hazo.

The rarraba hazo a ƙasa na Rasha

Domin babban yankin kasar ne halin da matsakaici da ruwan sama - har zuwa 500 millimeters a kowace shekara. Yawan qara a wasu kudancin yankunan, kamar Caucasus. Rage muhimmanci a cikin nisa arewa da kuma a cikin matakan. Mafi yawa daga cikin hazo da dama a lokacin bazara. Daga yamma zuwa gabas tafi cikin tekun Atlantic daga su profusion rage-rage.

The rarraba hazo a Rasha da mataki na zafi, iska wurare dabam dabam da kuma topography. Westerly iskõki ko'ina cikin shekara kawo ruwan sama to da Rasha a fili, inda su ne mafi kusantar (har zuwa 900 mm / shekara). Action Summer monsoon iskõki daga Pacific Ocean qara size of adibas a cikin Far East. Sarrafa giza zone ne Caspian ciki.

A cikin hunturu, a kan yammacin gangara daga cikin Ural Mountains ya karu asarar snow, kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da gabacin. Haka kuma an alaka da mataki na yammacin Atlantic iskõki. A lokacin rani, a akasin haka, cike da laka gabashin gangara daga duwãtsu.

Dry kõguna na Arctic a arewa na tsiri da kuma bushe nahiyar iska talakawa daga kudu taimakawa ga cewa babban adadin hazo a yankin tsakanin latitudes 55 da kuma 65. A ko dai gefen wannan yanki ne da yawa karami.

records

• The rarraba ruwan sama a cikin yammancin duniya aiki a kan wannan ka'idoji, amma a arewacin yammancin duniya suka fada kadan kasa. Wannan tushe daga teku, kamar yadda a cikin Southern Hemisphere ta bautar da yawa ya fi girma yankin.
• Yawan ruwan sama lura a cikin Hawaiian Islands a cikin tekun Pacific. Ruwa kwanaki a kan Dutsen Wai-ali-ali ne har zuwa 350 a kowace shekara.
• Chilean Coast, kusa da birnin Antofagasta, da talakawan ruwan sama da shekara ne kasa da 0.1 mm.

• Domin da lakabi na sarrafa giza wurare a duniya jayayya Dry kwaruruka a Antarctica da Atacama Desert a kudancin Amirka. A Antarctica, misali, wasu shafukan ba shayar fiye da miliyan biyu da suka wuce.
• A kowace shekara, a kan kudancin kwaruruka na Himalayas asusu na fiye da dubu 10 millimeters hazo. Wanne ne sau goma mafi girma fiye da talakawan. Matsakaicin tsawo rubuta a garin Cherrapunji a 1861, a lokacin da ruwan sama "dripped" 26 461 mm.