Ma'adanai Sakhalin: mai, iskar gas da kuma wadanda ba ferrous karafa da kuma rare. Sakhalin sauƙi

Far zuwa gabas, 7 kilomita dubu daga Moscow, yana mai manyan tsibirin Sakhalin. Abin da muka sani game da shi? Bayan karanta mu labarin, za ka koyi da yawa sabon da ban sha'awa abubuwa game da yanayi, taimako da kuma albarkatun ma'adinai na Sakhalin.

Meet Sakhalin!

A Japan kira shi Karafuto. Don mu shi ne da aka sani a karkashin sunan Sakhalin. Ina tsibirin? Kuma abin da suke ta girma?

Sakhalin Island aka located kashe gabashin tekun na Asia. Shi ne mafi girma a tsibirin a Rasha Federation. Yana da wani ɓangare na Sakhalin yankin, wanda kuma ya hada da sarkar na sparsely lugar Kurile tsibiran.

Sakhalin an wanke ta tẽkuna biyu - Japan da kuma Okhotsk. Daga cikin Rasha ɓangaren duniya shi ne raba ta da Tatar mashigar, da kuma a kan Japan tsibirin Hokkaido - La Perouse mashigar. Sakhalin miƙa a 950 km a meridional shugabanci. Matsakaicin fadin na tsibirin - 160 km.

Neman sanin asalin sunan tsibirin. Wannan Manchu kalma baya kaddamarda da Amur River, "Sahalyan-ull", wanda yake nufin "kogi na baki kankara." Saboda wani kuskure cartographers wannan sunan da aka sanya tsibirin Sakhalin. A kuskure aka bai gyara ba, da kuma zaunar sauka. A m bugu na Rasha maps da kalmar "Sakhalin" an riga an yi amfani da matsayin da take da most tsibirin.

Saboda haka, mun fitar da siffa inda Sakhalin kuma me ya sa shi ne don haka ya kira. Shi ne yanzu wani cikakken nazarin ta sauƙi.

Janar halaye na topography na tsibirin

Sakhalin sauƙi ne musamman bambance bambancen. Yana da aka gabatar da duwãtsu, kuma low duwãtsu, kuma m tuddanta, kuma jihar bakin teku filayen kwarinta. Jamhuriyar (widest) ɓangare na tsibirin aka kẽwayesu a yamma da kuma gabas, bi da bi, na West Sakhalin da kuma Gabas Sakhalin Mountains. Wadannan dutsen jeri ne matsakaici-tsawo.

A tsororuwar Sakhalin - Dutsen Lopatin. A ta boreal gandun daji gangara ƙaruwa, kuma a saman da aka rufe cowberry filayen da kuma duwatsu. tsawo da dutsen - kawai 1609 mita.

A bakinta tsibirin da ake indented dan kadan. Ga hudu daga cikin sashin da a kusa da biyu manyan bays - Aniva da kuma hakuri.

Relief Sakhalin: shiyya siffofin

A cikin sharuddan geomorphology na tsibirin ƙasa ne zuwa kashi da dama gundumomi. Aƙalla daya bisa uku na yawan yankin rufe Arewa Sakhalin bayyana. Wannan sararin yankin arewa na tsibirin da kyau-raya kogin cibiyar sadarwa da mutum low kololuwa (har zuwa 600 mita). Ga ~ ar teku da filayen ne halin da yashi sanduna, dunes, da kuma quite manyan marine tafasan. Af, a nan (kazalika a kan shiryayye daga cikin Tekun Okhotsk) su ne mafi girma adibas na man - babban ma'adinai na Sakhalin.

A cikin matsananci arewa na tsibirin da ake bambanta da ta mountainous ƙasa Schmidt Larabawa. Its gaba ne quite m, m, kuma m.

A cikin tsakiyar da kuma kudancin yankunan na tsibirin da ake mamaye mountainous ƙasa. Tare da gabar yammacin stretches na West Sakhalin Mountains, da kuma tare gabas - Gabas Sakhalin (wanda a nan ne Dutsen Lopatin). Tsakanin wadannan duwãtsun biyu da tsarin da aka m da kuma wani lokacin swampy Tym-Poranayskaya filayen kwari. An rufe tare da wani lokacin farin ciki alkyabbar sedimentary kankara - sandstone da pebbles.

A kudancin tsibirin tsaye Susunai Ridge, wanda lullube kusan kilomita 60. A da kafar ta'allaka birnin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Gudanarwa cibiyar na Sakhalin yankin. Tsororuwar dutse kunya Susunai Pushkinskaya (1047 m.) Shin wani m manufa domin yawon bude ido, peshehodnikov.

Babban ma'adanai na Sakhalin

A arziki yanayin da yankin? Babban albarkatun na Sakhalin ne dangana gandun daji, ruwa kuma, ba shakka, ma'adanai da kuma albarkatun kasa. Da yawa daga cikin kogin cibiyar sadarwa na tsibirin ne yafi hakan fiye da talakawan ga Rasha. Edge ne musamman arziki a cikin gandun daji (daji cover index - a kan 60%). A Sakhalin arewa girma larch gandun daji, a kudu - Leaved (Maple, Mongolian oak, Manchurian ash da sauran itatuwa).

Ten manyan albarkatun ma'adinai na Sakhalin ne kamar haka:

• mai.
• iskar gas.
• Chrome tama.
• germanium.
• Mercury.
• zinariya.
• kwal.
• peat.
• talc.
• zeolites.

Habaka Sakhalin mai, iskar gas, peat

Sakhalin - daya daga Rasha ta tsufa da kuma man gas samar da yankunan. "Black zinariya" a tsibirin da aka samu ta hanyar geologists a 1880. Cikin karni na ashirin da gida da kuma man gas reserves an muhimmanci tsautsayi, amma a 1980s wata babbar sabon An gano filayen. Bugu da ƙari kuma, jimlar reserves Okhotsk shiryayye masana kimanta kamar biliyan 4 ton na man fetur.

The most filayen man fetur na Sakhalin located in arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na tsibirin (Ehabinskoe, Paromayskoe, Katangliyskoe da sauransu). Sakhalin kudi na "black zinariya" samarwa da kawai kara a kowace shekara. Saboda haka, ta 2019 an shirya kara mai samar a tsibirin da 3.6% da kuma iskar gas - by 20%.

A Sakhalin, shi ne kuma mai arziki a cikin jan karfe, wanda aka halin high quality, kuma low sulfur abun ciki. Ana amfani da a metallurgy, samar da gas, kazalika da man fetur ga jiragen ruwa. An samar a tsibirin kuma peat. Adibas na wannan ma'adinai rarraba a cikin Arewa Sakhalin bayyane, kuma Tym-Poranayskoy Shefela.

Non-ferrous, rare da daraja karafa Sakhalin

A ciwon hanji na tsibirin karya babba reserves na daban-daban ƙarfe ores. Daga cikin su - zinariya, germanium, Mercury, chromium, da baƙin ƙarfe, manganese, tungsten, tutiya, strontium, rhenium da sauransu. Daga cikin rare karafa Sakhalin mafi girma tattalin arziki da sha'awa ga Jamus, kuma daga yawan wadanda ba ferrous karafa - zinariya.

A tsibirin akwai adibas na biyu tama da placer zinariya. Mamaye baya. Dubun placer zinariya zubar cikin Gabas Sakhalin Mountains. Su duka reserves an kiyasta ta geologists a 59 ton.

A Tonino-Anivskom Larabawa ɓullo da Novikovskaya filin Ge-arziki yadudduka na ci da kuma mudstone. Janar germanium reserves a cikin wannan yanki suna kiyasta a 640 ton.

More kwanan nan, a cikin arewa na Sakhalin (a kan Schmidt Larabawa) da aka gano chromite adibas. Janar ake iya faɗi reserves na wadannan m ores aka kiyasta a biyar ton miliyan.