Tatar NPP, Jamhuriyar Tatarstan: description, tarihi da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Fashe nuclear nukiliya ikon shuka sa ba kawai muhalli lalacewa. A bala'i da "m zarra" ya jagoranci wani bita da manufar tsaro na aikin tashoshin, ƙulli daga ayyukan a karkashin gini na irin wannan da kuma wani sabon nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke shekaru da yawa. Orthodox shawarar da aka sanya a karkashin matsin lamba na yanayi da kuma jama'a. Bugu da ari, aukuwa nuna cewa ba tare da makamashin nukiliya a kan wani kasa sikelin ba za a iya wadãtu. Kai ga bala'i sakaci, watsi da aminci da kuma hanyoyin da m gwaje-gwajen, da iko da wanda yake ba zai yiwu ba.

Tatar NPP - labarin gini

Saboda da aiki yi a Tatarstan manyan masana'antu da wuraren, kamar "Nizhnekamsk sinadaran factory", cikin mota giant "Kamaz", "Nizhnekamenskshina", gwamnatin tattauna batun kara samar da makamashi wadata a yankin tun shekara ta 1978. Makaman nukiliya ikon tashar a lokacin da aka gina a duk faɗin wuri, don haka aka yanke shawarar gina wani nukiliya ikon shuka a hamsin kilomita daga Nizhnekamsk, inda a baya akwai wani kauye da Kamskie Polyana.

Tatar NPP aikin da aka ɓullo da reshe "Atomteploelektroprokta" a Riga, da janar dan kwangila ya yi "Kamgesenergostroy". Domin gina samarwa model aikin, wanda ya riga an gina da kuma sarrafa "Balakovo", "Chornobyl NPP" da kuma kawo wa aikin Manuniya Khmelnytsky, Volgodonsk tashar, kazalika da ba a kare ba, kuma Bashkir Crimean NPP.

Fara na yi ya faru a shekarar 1980, da aka shirya kaddamar da farko naúrar ya da za a gudanar a shekarar 1992, sauran ikon shuke-shuke shirya ya yi amfani da zaran akwai. Major ayyukan da aka za'ayi a shekara ta 1988, babban birnin kasar zuba jari amounted zuwa 288 miliyan rubles, da kudin gine-gine da aka kiyasta a miliyan 96 rubles. Bisa ga daftarin, Tatar NPP ya sami damar 4,000 MW, wanda generated hudu nukiliya.

Abin sha'awa, a cikin latsa kullum karin gishiri labaru game da ba a kare ba ikon tashar. A cewar jita-jita, da shi da aka shirya ya shigar 12 nukiliya. Don kwatanta, mafi iko a Turai, Zaporizhzhya NPP sanye take da kawai 6 reactors da iyãwarsa ne 6000 MW.

kiyayewa

A shekarar 1990 ginin da aka gaba daya tsaya. A wannan lokacin, Tatar NPP na shirye na karshe mataki na aiki. Shirya don kammala gina reactor daki, da engine dakuna na farko raka'a biyu, aka sa harsashin farantin daga cikin reactor sashe na uku ikon, rami da aka shirya domin uku da na hudu ikon raka'a.

Bisa ga sa'an nan data kasance shirya yi, wannan mataki nufi mataki na karshe na erection abu Tatar shuka. Construction tsaya gaba daya. Bugu da kari ga tashar, da garin da aka shirya domin ikon injiniya - Kamskie Polyana, administrative gine-gine, karin jiran aiki tukunyar jirgi, kafa wani embankment Dam, gina ayyuka na tallafi. Ya shirya don ya bashe su nukiliya man fetur a wannan mataki, kuma akwai a adana abu. Tun da man fetur ba a tsĩrar, da hadaddun kanta ba radiological Hazard.

Tatar NPP - ba kawai abin tunawa ga "m zarra" a ko'ina cikin tsohon Tarayyar lokacin daidai wannan lokacin da aka daskarewa saboda game da goma sha biyar nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a cikin daban-daban matakai na yi.

Dalilan da rufe

Afrilu 17, 1990 aka buga a gwamnatin umurnin Tatarstan "A lõkacin fatara daga cikin shiri na samar da wuraren Tatar NPP". A dalilan da tsayawa yi aka ruwaito cewa tashar aka located in Kama Laifi zone, halin da tectonic aiki. Wannan sanarwa da aka zarar tabbatar m girgizar kasa Zakamye.

Amma mutane da yawa zaton: babban dalilin cewa Tatar NPP yi aka tsayar, a bala'i a chernobye, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1986. A muhimmiyar rawa a wannan batu taka zamantakewa motsi. Da gudu daga wani atomic abu zangar har abada maƙiya kungiyar. Ko sa'an nan ya bayyana a fili cewa bai cika yi na dutse zai fada a kan kasafin kudin, dangane da abin da jamhuriyar ta jagoranci ya yi kokarin gano wani amfani ga abu.

Akwai ra'ayoyi, da tsare-tsaren da kuma ayyukan, ko reshaping nukiliya ikon shuka a hydroelectric shuka, inda halitta makamashi kafofin amfani. Aikin da aka karkashin shawarwari, a tarayyar soviet suka fara wasu matsaloli - canza tattalin arziki da kuma tsarin siyasa.

Tare da baya ba tare da wani nan gaba

Watsi da ababen more rayuwa da kanta Tatar NPP - wannan abu na kashe kudi na Republican kasafin kudin, amma ya fi girma matsalar da aka kauyen. Kama Glade, inda ya rayu da magina da kuma nan gaba ma'aikata na kasa tashar. Mutane da ake bukata don samar da ayyukan yi. Ayyukan yi da yawa. Daya daga cikin su ya kamata su haifar da wani kauye-tushen caca zone, amma da ra'ayin da ya lalace saboda moratorium. Cikin jumla ya ba kasa enticing: karkarar nukiliya ikon shuka don ƙirƙirar sarari ga kasada wasanni, da Gyaran baya, amfani da tashar sararin samaniya domin tafiya.

Yawan ayyukan da bada shawarwari da bai shirya da babban matsala - rashin makamashi suna da ceto don haka da cewa jamhuriyar jagorancin kullum sabunta tattaunawa a kan farfado da aikin gina wani abu kamar Tatar nukiliya Power Plant (Jamhuriyar Tatarstan). Kokarin da aka yi a 2003 da kuma 2005, amma muhalli kungiyoyin consistently vetoed da shawara.

ruinous ciki

Wasu gwangwani NPP (Kostroma, Bashkir) bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet zauna a kan balance sheet na kamfanin "Rosenergoatom", Tatar NPP switched zuwa Republican Tatarstan balance. Kuma idan kungiyar na samar da kudi ga ta kiyaye abubuwa to maximally adana dukiyarsa da ya zama zai iya komawa yi a kowane lokaci, a Tatarstan wannan bukatar ba gani. A sakamakon haka, makaman nukiliya ikon shuka masoya ja baya gratuitous kayan gini, nonferrous karafa taimaka gina looters "kasuwanci".

Mafi yawa daga alƙarya ne aiki da kasashen waje, da yawa daga cikinsu bar a Nizhnekamsk, Kazan. Wani yana cikin keji kwararru da kuma zarce zuwa arewa da ginin. A kasarta da tsohon nukiliya ikon shuka da kewaye gina-up sarari yayi kama da fatalwa gari ko Zone daga labari da Strugatsky 'yan'uwa, inda a duniya da aka jefa bar wasiyya na Tarayyar Soviet.

Don zama ko ba su zama

A watan Nuwamba shekarar 2013, an sanya jama'a da gwamnatin Rasha a kan yankin raya shiryawa da kuma makamashi hadaddun, inda babban girmamawa ne a kan gina sabon nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke da kuma hydroelectric iko shuke-shuke. A shirin kõma har sai 2030, farkon da aiwatar riga bayyane a yankunan da yawa daga cikin kasar. Tartar NPP ne ma aka ambata a cikin wani daftarin aiki a matsayin abu sanya a saman manyan al'amurra sabuntawa yi.

Bisa ga tsare-tsaren da bayyana ta rayuwa ya koma ga Kamskie filin a lokacin da Tatar shuka za a farfado. A zaman majalisar na yi ya fara tare da share shafin da ya kamata a kammala a cikin 2030 lokacin da tashar ne a guje a cike iya aiki. A farko naúrar da aka shirya domin jefa a 2026.

Amma tambaya game da whereabouts na tashar, har yanzu yana sa mafi tsoro fiye da kyau jin zuciya. Tectonically aiki Kamsky Laifi bai bace, da sakamakon da lalata makaman nukiliya ikon shuka an san da "tabbatar" empirically, don ba da damar wani bala'i babu wanda yake so. } Ungiyoyin jama'a, gwagwarmaya da kuma ra'ayin jama'a ne a cikin ni'imar da yarjejeniyoyin da na yi. Ba wani tabbatacce amsar wannan tambaya: inda za a gina makaman nukiliya ikon shuka Tatar, babu wanda zai iya da cikakkiyar amincewa. Kama Glade - wani manufa zaɓi, amma ba wanda zai iya shrug kashe da na halitta abubuwan da ra'ayin mutanen da suke rayuwa a cikin yankin.

Ra'ayi masana kimiyya - nukiliya ma'aikata

Sha'awa gudu high a kusa da ginin, amma masana kimiyya da hannu a radioecology jayayya da cewa bayan nuclear da kuma Fukushima fasahar da aka inganta, matakin tsaro ba ka damar kafa nukiliya sahun ko'ina da kuma ba samun wata 'yar alamar zuba. Makamashin nukiliya ne safest zuwa kwanan fasaha. An yi imani da cewa CHP kuma samar da wutar lantarki ƙazantar more, da kuma masana'antu samar da wasu yankuna na Rasha da kuma Tatarstan, ciki har da zuwa da mafi matakin na hadari da lalata duk rayuwa a taron na wani bala'i a shuka.

A karshe shawara a cikin ni'imar banning da yi ne girgizar kasa Hazard a yankin na yi na abu Tatar NPP. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa matsalar ne ma karin gishiri, da kuma buga da misali na lafiya aiki na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke a kan Kola Larabawa, Armenia, inda irin wannan hadarin shi ne mafi kusantar, kuma da girgizar kasa aiki da aka nuna fiye da sau daya. Zai yiwu haihuwa aikin bai sadu da na yanzu kalubale, da kuma wanda ba a kare tashar jiran wani sabon matakin tsaro, wanda zai iya samar da yanzu matakin na fasahar ci gaba.

Farfado da ko wani sabon shiri?

A tambaya shi ne, inda za su gina Tatar NPP har a warware a cikin ni'imar da Kama Glades. Construction dauki kan "Rosenergoatom". A cewar sabon shiri damar shuka zai adadin zuwa 2,300 MW, wanda zai samar da biyu reactors na 1150 MW. Don da haihuwa version na yi, ba wanda zai koma, amma don amfani da kayayyakin more rayuwa na da ragowar zama dole, shi Rama don wasu daga cikin halin kaka. Firayim kudin na wannan aikin da aka kiyasta a tsakanin 20 da 48 dala biliyan.

magoya bayan

Construction na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke ko da yaushe resonates, ba togiya, kuma Tatar NPP. A zaman majalisar na yi ne ya tãyar da mai hadari a cikin al'umma. Akwai biyu magoya bayan da kuma abokan adawar. Da bukatar yi da shuka tabbatar da saurin ci gaban Zakamja. A tattalin arziki zone a Yelabuga gundumar shirya ya gina ɗari da talatin da makamashi-m masana'antu da shuke-shuke, akwai manyan tsare-tsaren domin ci gaban masana'antu samar a Naberezhnye Chelny, shi na bukatar makamashi tasowa petrochemical masana'antu a Nizhnekamsk, a Mendeleevsk shirya yi na mataki na biyu na shuka "Ammonium". Don hadu da girma da bukatun bukatar cheap makamashi.

Proponents na nukiliya ikon shuke-shuke gudu mayar da hankali a kan tattalin arziki da bangaren na gaba-adam Tatarstan, kuma a kan aminci da makamashin nukiliya. Bugu da kari, makamashin nukiliya za su warware matsalar rashin aikin yi a cikin Kama Glades. Yau a garin game da 15.700 mazaunan, mafi yawan jama'a da aka tilasta su nemi jobs nisa a waje da birnin. Ikon injiniyoyi sau da yawa aiki a canjawa a daban-daban yi shafukan ko ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna a search na fi rayuwarsu. Ƙaddamar tashoshin ba kawai samar da ayyukan yi ga daukacin jama'ar, amma kuma kara da inflow na aiki sojojin, sa'an nan da yawan mazaunan zuwa 600 dubu mutane.

abokan adawar

Da gina makaman nukiliya ikon tsire-tsire ne da muhalli, masana kimiyya da kuma talakawa 'yan ƙasa. The shaida ne girgizar kasa Hazard, wanda zai iya sa yayyo kuma samu daga cikin sararin yankin, da asarar rayuwa a cikin densely populated yankin. A sakamakon na bala'i za a iya bayyana, amma ba shi yiwuwa a lissafta duk asarar, musamman a cikin dogon lokaci. A chernobyl masifa, da kuma a yau buga wani m mamaki, duk da tabbacin hukuma Ukrainian hukumomi don cikakken tsabta zone.

Ƙarin muhawara ga wani moratorium a kan yi kira gaban da dama hanyoyin makamashi a cikin kusanci da yankunan da masana'antu da wuraren. A musamman, ma'ana ga Nizhnekamsk HPP, ba ya aiki a cike iya aiki. Ciko hydroelectric dam zuwa matakin na 68 mita (a halin yanzu 63 m.), Za a kara da damar zuwa 1248 MW aikin. (Currently 450 MW.).

Har ila yau, wasu abokan adawar ce da sabuntawa da samar da makamashi 'yancin kai na yankin ba zai iya fara da Tatar NPP, da kuma rayar da tashar a garin Dimitrovgrad. Mene ne Tatar NPP a yau - shi ne gaba daya hallaka gine-gine, kawai karamin sashi, wanda aka adana a cikin mutunci kuma kawai saboda ba za ka iya halakar da kankare simintin ne kawai directed atomic fashewa. A Dimitrovgrad, har kwanan nan, sarrafa reactors 8, su manufarsa shine bincike da kuma soja.

Yanzu akwai kawai biyu, da dukan kayayyakin da aka cikakken shirya, musamman yadda ake gudanar da kudi kudin na hira da aka ba da ake bukata. Yana kira 'yan mafita ga matsalar samar da makamashi a lokaci guda akan zargin da "Rosatom" a lobbying ga nasu bukatun ga kanta na yankin.

Voice of mutanen

The yawan da yawan ganin blatant barazana ga tura makaman nukiliya reactors a nan da nan unguwa, qaddamar tarurruka da farfado da tashar. Yi Tatar NPP a mafi yawan lokuta ya gane barnatar.

A kasar taro a matakin qarshe, aiki tare da yawan a kan bayani na aminci na zamani fasahar nukiliya, wanda ya shirya ya yi amfani da Tatar NPP aikin. Mamadysh, Naberezhnye Chelny da sauran manyan birane na Tatarstan yawan da yawan ba bayyana goyon baya ga aikin. A wannan yanayin, da suka so su rayu a yankin tare da m rayuwar. Duk da yake insoluble paradox.