Hydrogen samarwa

Daya daga cikin muhimman abũbuwan amfãni na hydrogen makamashi ne kasancewar wani jam'i na hanyoyin da za a samar da hydrogen. Wannan na taimaka wa inganta makamashi tsaro da kuma rage dogaro a kan wasu iri raw kayan. Hydrogen samarwa za a iya za'ayi:

1. Hanyar tururi Gyara ta methane da kuma iskar gas.
2. yin amfani da kwal gasification.
3. ta electrolysis na ruwa.
4. pyrolysis Hanyar.
5. da m hadawan abu da iskar shaka.
6. biotechnological hanyoyin.

Don kwanan wata, mafi arha, kuma mafi m hanya - a tururi hira. Masana sun yi hasashen ta yin amfani da za a yi a can farko na gabatarwar da hydrogen tattalin arzikin. Duk da haka, a nan gaba har yanzu bukatar sauya zuwa sabunta makamashi, saboda wani gagarumin raguwa a greenhouse gas watsi ne watakila babban dalilin da miƙa mulki ga hydrogen makamashi. Wannan za a iya amfani da makamashin hasken rana ko iska ikon, wanda izni ruwa electrolysis.

Don mayar da hankali wajen samar da hydrogen a manyan kamfanonin na bukatar ci gaban kudin raguwa, amma a lokaci guda, na bukatar ƙarin halin kaka don hydrogen sufuri zuwa musamman tashoshin. A madadin kyan gani, hydrogen samar a kan karamin sikelin kai tsaye tare da hydrogen AU.

Yanzu hydrogen da aka samar daga kafofi da dama na raw kayan. Next, mun yi la'akari da mafi m daga gare su.

hydrocarbons

Yau, kusan rabin na hydrogen tsara ne da za'ayi tururi Gyara ta iskar gas da Hanyar (methane). Wannan tsari ne da hadawa da methane da ruwa tururi a zazzabi na 700 - 1000 ° C karkashin wani babban matsin a gaban mai kara kuzari.

ci gasification

Gasification na ci ne mafi Hanyar hydrogen samar. A tsari ne kamar haka: carbon heats sama zuwa da zazzabi 800 -1300 ° C in babu oxygen. FutureGen aikin da ya ɓullo da wani sabon hydrogen ikon shuka, dangane da samar da main abubuwa a cikin wannan hanya. Yana nuna zã a gina a Amurka.

biomass

Biomass, hydrogen aka samar da hanyoyi guda biyu: biochemical da thermochemical. Lokacin da biochemical samar da hydrogen samar da daban-daban kwayoyin cuta, misali, Rodobacter speriodes. Thermochemical Hanyar shafi dumama biomass zuwa da zazzabi na 500 - 800 ° C (sharar itace) da in babu iska. A sakamakon wannan zabin ne H2, CO da CH4.

sharan

Fasaha ci gaba ya shafi gano sababbin hanyoyi na samar da hydrogen, wanda shi ne samar da hydrogen daga datti. Wannan hanya an riga an rayayye aiwatar a cikin yi.

A sinadaran dauki na ruwa tare da karafa

Amurka Jami'ar Purdue ƙirƙira Hanyar samar da hydrogen daga ruwa da yin amfani da aluminum gami. Ya unshi da samuwar katsin daga gallium-aluminum gami, wanda aka sa'an nan sanya a cikin wani akwati na ruwa. Sunadarai dauki faruwa a sakamakon wanda hydrogen aka samar.

Ruwa electrolysis aka kwashe hydrogen janareto, tana mayar da wutar lantarki a cikin zafin rana daga masana'antu shigarwa ko yanayi da kuma bazu ruwa.

Production na hydrogen daga makamashi kafofin kamar iska, hasken rana, makamashin nukiliya yayin da kawai karatu da masana kimiyya. Nazarin ya nuna cewa wadannan hanyoyi suna da begen fadi amfani a nan gaba. Su gabatarwar da aka shirya domin na gaba 'yan shekaru. Hakika a farko da hydrogen kudin farashin cirewa da irin wannan hanyoyin, za ta zama high, amma sai a hankali ya kai ga mafi kyau duka index mark.

A halin yanzu, hydrogen da ake amfani a yi na fetur, ammonia, kuma ba tare da shi costing samar da hydrogen peroxide.