"Tulip" (ACS). Kai-propelled 240-mm turmi 2S4 "Tulip"

Nan da nan bayan Winter War a 1939 shi karshe ya bayyana cewa dakarun akwai wani sarari karancin nauyi rokoki da cewa za a iya amfani da yadda ya kamata ya hallaka masu garu matsayi na abokan gaba. Da farko aiki a kan su kafa hana Great Patriotic War, a lokacin da Soviet masana'antu da aka ba har zuwa nauyi rokoki.

Bayan lashe aikin koma. Da farko da kafa da M-240 da aka halitta. Zamo kamar shi, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, shi ne daidaita 240 mm. Amma cikin halaye na inji ba da cikakken hadu da soja. A musamman, suka m da musamman rauni makamai. Bugu da kari, akwai da'awar da shasi. Yana fara "Tulip" shigarwa ci gaba a wannan lokacin. ACS, wannan ya kamata sun karu iya aiki, mutum makamai da kuma wani robust shasi.

Fara na ci gaba

A aikin da aka fara Yuli 4, 1967, bisa ga umurnin № 609-20. Amma ga mafi muhimmanci na sabon manyan bindigogi bindigogi (da aka gudanar a karkashin index 2B8), shi ne kusan canzawa dauka daga cikin nauyi kai-propelled turmi M-240. Cikakken kiyaye ballistics da harsasai amfani. Aiki a wannan yanki da aka za'ayi da masana Perm. Ya jagoranci aikin N. Kalachnikov.

Shi ne da godiya ga shi Sau "Tulip", da halaye na wanda aka gabatar a cikin labarin, shi ya zama haka m ballistic data.

Da farko, da prototypes da aka tattara a kan tushen da shasi "abu 305", wanda, a ainihi, ya kusan gama m ga cewa daga cikin anti-aircraft "Circle". Da farko cikin littafin da aka lasafta don ci gaba da harsashi harsashi 7,62h54 a nesa na 300 mita. Ci gaba da kuma samar da shasi kwararru tsunduma a cikin "Uraltransmash", wanda ya jagoranci YV Tomaszów. Nan da nan, za mu lura cewa sosai turmi ba tare da shi ba za a iya amfani da manufa.

factory gwaje-gwaje

Lokacin da ta fara fuskanci "Tulip"? ACS farko tafi ga gwaji a marigayi May 1969. Suka gama kawai a kan Oktoba 20 na wannan shekara. Nasarar. Amma akwai soja gwaje-gwaje, da kuma kawai bayan su, a 1971, da shuka da aka dauka ta Soviet Army.

Domin cikin shekaru biyu, da shuka samu da oda kai tsaye zuwa hudu "Tulip", inda kudin daya mota ya 210 dubu rubles. By hanyar magana, daya kai-propelled "Acacia" kudin kawai 30.5 dubu. Rub.

Rarrabe fasali na sabon ACS

Kamar yadda muka ce, gangar jikin da ballistic halaye sun kasance daga da wanda ya riga, kusan ba tare da shan wahala yar alamar gagarumin canje-canje. Amma, sabanin da M-240, inda lissafi da aka tilasta su gudanar da duk ma'amaloli da hannu, "Tulip" - kai-propelled bindigogi, sanye take da iko na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa tsarin. An tsara yin wadannan ayyukan:

• Translation kayayyakin aiki, daga cikin yãƙi matsayi da stowed da kuma mataimakin versa.
• Tadawa turmi ganga.
• Bude kofa, cire kara a kan layi chambering wani harsashi.
• Atomatik ciyar mahakar na mechanized fama fakitin a kan loading sanda masu gudu, wanda aka located a saman shasi gidaje.
• Bugu da kari, shi aka yi via caji turmi da kuma rufe da rufe.

sauran Features

Kwana na wuta Sau 2S4 "Tulip", da bambanci ga baya nauyi turmi ne kamar 63 ". Boeukladki (inji) is located kai tsaye a shasi gidaje. Total biyu packings, a cikin abin da suka iya saukar da 40, ko kuma na al'ada high m projectiles ko amsawa 20, mai aiki da irin. Ya kamata a lura cewa ACS caji za a iya za'ayi ko dai kai tsaye daga ƙasa, da kuma yin amfani da wani musamman crane. A bambanci ga tsaye, a kwance shiriya zuwa ga manufa da aka bar gaba ɗaya manual.

Kaya amfani da su haifar da wannan kafuwa da tabbatar da dizal engine B-59. Iko propulsion tsarin don tarwatsa nauyi kai-propelled bindigogi zuwa 62,8 km / h a kan babbar hanya. Amma ga al'ada ƙasa ko tsakuwa hanyoyi, gudun motsi a kan shi ne game da 25-30 km / hour.

mahakar

Babban harsashi, wanda sau da yawa yana amfani da kai-propelled turmi 2S4 ne mai misali nawa F-864, wanda Tã 130,7 kilo. Weight dace m ne 31,9 kg. Kamar yadda amfani a cikin wancan GVMZ fis 7, wanda shi ne yanayin da kowane mutunta nawa yana da kafuwa a matsayin instantaneous da kuma jinkirta a harin.

Akwai biyar zabin nan da nan dagawa cajin, wanda zai iya goya wani mine farko gudu daga 158 zuwa 362 m / s. Haka kuma, da fuska a cikinsa da wuta dabam daga 800 zuwa 9650 mita.

Nan da nan igniter cajin located in shank tube mahakar. Sauran samfurin foda ne annular iyakoki, wanda aka a haɗe zuwa duk wannan tube ta musamman igiyar. Tuni a shekarar 1967 da gwamnatin sanya wani tsari na masana'antu don samar da kafa musamman mahakar da damar 2 kilotonnes, kuma bayan shekaru uku da ke cikin cikakken lilo aiki a kan ci gaban daidai da wannan harsashi, amma a yi wani jet.

Don kwanan wata, Rasha sulke da motocin ne yafi ban sha'awa dako dauke da makamai ...

"Rashin tsoro birni daukan"

Amma hakikanin nasara zo a cikin shekarar 1983, lokacin da mine 1K113 "Daredevil" da aka soma da Tarayyar Soviet. A gaskiya, ba haka ba ne ko da wani harsashi a cikin classic ma'anarta, da kuma raba manyan bindigogi tsarin. Ya kunshi wadannan aka gyara: kai tsaye ZV84 shot (2VF4) sanye take da m dako ZF5. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wani Laser rangefinder / designator 1D15 ko 1D20.

Hakika gyara naúrar ne a kai na mine, da kuma daidaita jirgin ne da nata irin iko saman da cewa zai iya zama da sauri da kuma sosai daidai canja wuri na dako a jirgin. Bugu da kari, canza hanya na jirgin iya sanya tare da 'yan m accelerators, wanda aka located tare da dukan gidaje mahakar a radial hanya.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sabon iri na bawo

Gyara daukan ba fiye da 0.1-0.3 seconds. The sosai domin na "m" harbi babu albarkacin daban-daban daga cikin saba harbe-harben mahakar, amma sadarwarka ake bukata don kafa da bude daga cikin Tantancewar sashe kuma saita mai ƙidayar lokaci kunna Laser akan hari. A general, da niyya za a iya kunna a nesa na 300-5000 mita daga "manufa", bayan da makiya abu fara cika da hasken wani Laser katako tsanani. Irin wannan sulke da motocin Rasha ne da muhimmanci musamman a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a lokacin da taki ne m fasahar ci gaba.

By hanyar magana, da aiki backlight aka kunna kawai a lokacin da nawa za a located a nesa na 400-800 mita daga manufa. Wannan shi ne don tabbatar da cewa tsarin bai kashe makiya da lokaci zuwa amsa zuwa fitowan na barazana. Kawai sa, duk lokacin da Laser ne ba fiye da uku seconds, inda yiwuwar maƙiyi lantarki counter an rage wa sifili.

Duk da cewa da photo na sulke da motocin na da irin wannan zai iya barin wani ƙarya ra'ayi na "obsolescence" ko wani abu kamar wannan ba a gani: shigarwa na 70 ta, ana amfani da da] a jummai tare da sabon, alamar makamai masu linzami, zai iya da kyau gasa da mafi kyau na zamani swatches.

A general, da alama na da irin wannan dako a cikin da'irar diamita na biyu zuwa uku mita ne 80-90%. Afghan Mujahideen koya wannan a kan nasu, bakin ciki kwarewa. Tare da taimakon da "Tulip" da "daredevil" an halaka da yawa na masu garu a cikin yankunan duwatsu.

Me kake bukatar a gun?

A general, da "Tulip" - ACS, wanda shi ne kawai ba makawa a cikin hari garu matsayi na abokan gaba, kazalika da yãƙi a cikin yanayi na mutum ƙauyuka. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan harka, sau da yawa akwai wani halin da ake ciki inda abokan gaba matsayi fara high Apartment gini (as a Grozny). A amfani da "Tulip" shi ne cewa da kafuwa ana sa a 10-20 mita daga cikin ginin, za su iya aika dako kusan vertically, tare da fata cewa shi ya fadi daidai a kan sauran gefe, yawo a kan matsayi na dakarun shi.

By hanyar magana, mai iko nawa fashewar cewa zamo abokan adawar, don samar da quite a m ra'ayi. Wannan shi ne musamman gaskiya game da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi mabiya m Musulunci ƙungiyoyi: da yawa daga cikinsu yi imani cewa, tun rasa jiki, zuwa sama, ba za su samu. Haka kuma, a cikin wannan Afghanistan, akwai lokatan lokatai a lõkacin da manyan kungiyoyin na makiya matsayi bar, kawai su koyi game da nan gaba na da dakarun, "Tulip".

Asirai na tarihi

A da yawa kafofin akwai shaida cewa wadannan rokoki da aka ba amfani a lokacin da biyu Chechnya yakin. A wasu littattafai, akwai shaida cewa a lokacin storming na "minti" shi ne har yanzu a volley na "Tulip". Duk da haka dai, munafikai Dudayev bai gaza ka saukar da wani hadari na zargi a Rasha sojojin, zargin da shi na "yin amfani da makaman nukiliya." "Democratic" latsa shi da farin ciki goyon. Ya zuwa yanzu shi ne ba a sani ba ko da episode aka ta amfani da "Tulip" a gaskiya.

Hazo na rashin tabbas da aka rufe da sulke da motocin Ukraine: har yanzu ba a sani ba (kuma shi ne kamar wuya ya taba za a sanya jama'a), da yadda da yawa daga cikin wadannan inji yi a kan kasar ta arsenal.

Kamar yadda tarihi data, kamar yadda na shekarar 1989, Tarayyar Soviet ya ba kasa da 400 raka'a nauyi rokoki. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa za mu iya amince ce cewa sulke da motocin Ukraine kuma kunshi da kai-propelled, a matsayin wani ɓangare na turmi tushen a kan yammacin kan iyakoki.

A halin yanzu halin da ake ciki

Bayan yakin duniya na II, babu iko a duniya irin wadannan makamai a kan makamai bai yarda. A gaskiya ma, ya zuwa yanzu a NATO kasashe ba su da rokoki zamo wanda zai wuce 120 millimeters.

Kamar yadda na Rasha, a cikin kasar bayan da "Tulip" aiki a kan m rokoki ya kusan rushe, saboda haka kamar yadda ya gamsar da data kasance samfurori da soja gaba daya. Duk abin da ya, Sau "Tulip", wanda yana da wani photo a cikin labarin, musamman a duniya, kuma yana da ba ga wannan rana.