Streptococcus - abin da yake da shi? iri streptococci

Mutane da yawa sun ji game da wanzuwar wani streptococcal kamuwa da cuta , har ma tare da shi fuskanta. Amma 'yan kaxan mutane tsanani tunani abin da strep, abin da yake da shi? Amma sanin fasali na rayuwa da kuma aiki da makiya - shi ne rabin nasara. Streptococci yi kimiyya ilimin. A da shi, kamar yadda a wani filin daga wani ilmi, da yawa daga rikitarwa, kuma m sharuddan. A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin m harshe magana game da abin da yake da ha ari Streptococcus cewa shi ne zai iya zama da kuma ko ya zama dole a magance shi da kuma abin da hanyoyin da far ne da za'ayi.

"Vertical" na m

Mutane kowace rana da kowane lokacin da fuskantar dubban kwayoyin, wanda za a iya daukan kawai karkashin wani hange. A shahararren wakilin wannan sararin sojojin parasites, kuma a streptococcus. Mene ne shi, watakila, kowa? Abin da irin halittu masu rai a gudanar da shi? Bari mu fara daga farko.

Streptococci - ne kwayoyin cuta da ciwon wani nau'i na microscopic beads radius har zuwa 0.5 Ikoniya. Ball - guda cell kwayoyin da dukan kwayoyin. Rike streptococci nau'i-nau'i biyu, ko in kungiyoyin, suna da alaka a sarkar. Suna da cikakken gyarawa saboda ba ta da cilia ko wutsiyoyi, ko flagella. Matsar kawai ta hanyar waje baki, misali, ta hanyar tari da iska ya kwarara. Da zarar a cikin sabon yanayi, streptococcus kwayoyin kusan nan da nan ya fara ninka. Yana yin hakan ta sauki cell division. A tsarin da ta Kwayoyin shi ne irin abin da zai iya samar da wani da ake kira L-nau'i (m. E. Kusan ba tare da cell bango). Wannan shi ne wani tricky dukiyar sa da haske permeability na pathogen ta kwayan tace da kuma wani sosai low ji na ƙwarai to kwayoyi. Domin mafi alhẽri "samun Masana" tare da wakiliyar duniya na kwayoyin kamar Streptococcus (abin da shi ne, mun riga tattauna), muka lissafa ta jiki halaye. Saboda haka wadannan parasites ne:

- anaerobic (.. Watau daidai zasu tafi tare da oxygen).

- gram (ajalin nufin ba su da nauyi, da kuma canza launi da kwayoyin cuta ta Hanyar gram masanin kimiyyar) - Wannan dukiyar da ake amfani da diagnosing cututtuka.

- chemoorganotrophic (kwayoyin abinci).

- asporogenous (ba nunawa spores).

- parasitic.

Features na rayuwa

A mutane da dabbobi rayuwa a cikin manyan streptococci da parasites a cikin baka rami, nasopharynx, ciki, manyan hanji, amma iya tare da jini ko wasu hanyoyi don samun a cikin wani sashin jiki da kuma fara can da pathogenic aiki. Bugu da ƙari, streptococci ne a cikin yanayi, kamar ƙura, wani surface, sputum, ruɓaɓɓen jini stale. Duk da cewa da parasites samar da wata L-siffar da kamar an fallasa, rabu da su da wuya. Wadannan kwayoyin suna iya tsira a cikin sanyi, "riƙe" domin minti 30 a zazzabi har zuwa 55 digiri, da kuma mafita daga mercuric chloride da wani carboxylic acid kashe su kawai minti 15. Amma akwai iri streptococci tare da ko mafi lamarinsa iyakoki. A bushe da wani ɓaɓɓake daga mugunya, sputum (bushe da sabo), duk wani nau'i na kananan kwayoyin iya tsira illa ma sha Allahu. Amma da mafi yawan aiki na wadannan pathogens ne a yanayi zazzabi ^na 37 C da wani PH kusa da tsaka tsaki, ko kuma dan kadan alkaline (dabi'u daga 6.9 zuwa 7.6). Don lura, dakin da zazzabi ruwa yana mai PH na 7, kuma a cikin yau da yawa mutane na PH 7-7,4, wato, su ne manufa domin ci gaban wadannan streptococci. Musamman manyan fecundity na kwayoyin nuna, idan sun fada cikin matsakaici dauke da jini, jini magani, glucose, domin shi ne su fi so abinci. Akwai su da sauri girma ga manyan mazauna. Idan ka sa da daban-daban na streptococcus a jini agar (musamman, wani bayani dauke da jinin wasu dabbobi), wasu daga cikinsu ba zai canza launi na agar, wasu nunawa a kusa da su mazauna total erythrocyte dissociation zone (hemolysis), da uku "ado" da kama wuri kore. A kasa m yanayi na su (msl, ƙura) mallaka streptococci muhimmanci karami (2.5 mm) zuwa taba sau da yawa m, wani lokacin m, m da translucent bayyanar. A cikin taya kwayoyin kokarin zauna a cikin jirgin ruwa bango ko a kan kasa, da barin m matsakaici kanta.

Babbar cũta daga Streptococcus shi ne cewa su ba kashe matukar hatsari gubobi da sa guba na jiki na wanda aka azabtar, kuma ko da zai kai ga mutuwa.

Mene ne streptococci

Akwai da dama kullum yarda da sukayi fassara. A cewar Brown da kuma Shottmyulleru, da dukan rundunar sojojin streptococci ne zuwa kashi 3 main kungiyoyin:

1. Hemolytic.

2. viridans.

3. The ba hemolytic.

A mafi hatsari ne hemolytic streptococcus, amma ba dukan su ba suna pathogenic. A lokaci guda tsakanin m maras hemolytic akwai quite "tsanani" parasites.

Saboda matsaloli da sauran rarrabuwa da aka samarwa a kayyade da Hazard streptococcus. Yana ci gaba da kansa Rebecca Lensfild da Frederick Griffith. Suna da akai aka dauka antigenic tsarin pathogens, saboda abin da suka kasance kasu kashi 17 jinsuna ko kungiyoyi, denoted da Latin haruffa. Farko - A streptococci, a karo na biyu, da uku C, D hudu da sauransu, har sai da kungiyar S-streptococci. Domin da farko mutane hudu ne mafi m. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki, kuma za a fara ta wajen amsa wannan tambaya: "Group A Streptococcus - abin da shi ne," Me shi? Da fari dai, saboda yana da farko a jerin, kuma abu na biyu, saboda yana da mafi m m da cewa yana sa wani mutum mai "bouquet" cututtuka. Saboda haka ...

Group A streptococci

Kwayoyin cutar na wannan kungiya shi ne ba kawai mai hatsari, amma kuma mafi yawa. Just wani ya samu 53 jinsunan wadannan kwayoyin, da kuma 49 na su kasance a cikin kungiyar ne A. Su ake samu a cikin numfashi fili, da bakinka, gut, al'aura, kuma tare da taimakon jini inda parasites shiga sosai sauƙi canjawa wuri zuwa wani bangare na jiki da kuma wani jiki. Wani sunan na wadannan kwayoyin cuta - Streptococcus pyogenes, cewa shi ne pyogenic streptococci. Mene ne wannan? fassara a matsayin "ruɓaɓɓen jini" Da Greek pyon. Daga cikin suna a fili yake cewa da pyogenic streptococci hanyar cutar, tare da surkin jini sallame (surkin jini kamuwa da cuta). Shi ne ba kawai su m Properties. Irin kwayoyin bayan canja wurin tsokane tamkar cuta rikitarwa - rheumatic zazzabi da kuma m glomerulonephritis (koda lalacewa). Babban halayyar alama na duk gungun A streptococci ne gaban a su cell ganuwar M gina jiki, da kuma da shi ya auku a 80 bambancin. Wannan abu kare streptococci da phagocytes data kasance a cikin jinin mutum, ci da kasashen waje jiki. Bugu da kari, wani wakilin pathogen kungiyar A yana da wani kwantena ya kare su daga phagocytes. Wadannan morphological fasali na streptococci "m" a gaskiyar cewa mutum ya kasance m fiye, samar da kariya kawai ga irin m da ya sa cutar. Wannan shi ne idan ka ciwon makogwaro sa a streptococcus-M1 gina jiki, na rigakafi da tsarin za su kasance da kawai na kwayoyin cutar da pathogen M2 gina jiki ne ba, wanda ke nufin za ka iya sake rashin lafiya angina. Figures a cikin wannan harka, ƙayyade da irin shaidu a cikin furotin.

Hemolytic streptococcus: abin da shi ne

Kalmar "hemolytic" na nufin lalata da maikacin jini. Idan m ne cikakken hemolysis (da cikakken halakar dukan jini Kwayoyin kewaye da su), shi ne ake kira beta-hemolytic. Kusan duk mambobi ne na farko hudu kungiyoyin (A, B, C, D) da aka kafa da kuma ne. Sun sa da wadannan cututtuka:

• ciwon makogwaro.
• mulufi zazzabi.
• Na fuskanci;
• impetigo (a fata cuta).
• infective endocarditis.
• abscesses (ciki, kwakwalwa).
• meningitis, neonatal sepsis.
• postrodovoy sepsis.
• daban-daban cututtuka na genitourinary tsarin.

Akwai kuma wani alpha-hemolytic streptococcus. Mene ne wannan? Wannan shi ne guda hemolytic streptococcus (zelenyaschy), kawai shi halaka ja jini Kwayoyin partially. Yana iya ze cewa wannan irin kasa mai hadarin gaske. A gaskiya, shi yana sa hatsari cututtuka kamar:

• peritoneal abscesses da kuma kwakwalwa.
• periodontitis.
• infective endocarditis.
• ciwon huhu.
• meningitis.

Wadannan streptococci, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, suna iya canza launi na matsakaici daga ja zuwa kore.

Akwai gamma-hemolytic streptococcus. Mene ne wannan? Don haka ya kira kwayoyin da cewa ba ya halakar da ja da maikacin jini, da ba su canja a kusa da shi agar matsakaici (abin da ake kira ba hemolytic). Amma za su iya haifar da wani yawan cututtuka:

• infective endocarditis.
• sinusitis.
• kamuwa da cuta a raunuka.

strep makogwaro

Kullum, ciwon makogwaro - a m ra'ayi, ma'ana wani ciwon makogwaro. Yana za a iya lalacewa ta hanyar ba kawai streptococcus, amma kuma sauran kwayar kuma kwayan pathogens. Bari mu tattauna abin da ya yi idan gano strep makogwaro, abin da yake da shi da kuma yadda ba su zama kuskure tare da ganewar asali, saboda yana rinjayar da hanyar da magani. M hukunci iya sa kawai wani likita dangane da sakamakon microbiological analysis (shafa). Ya aka dauka tare da wani bakararre swab daga makogwaro. Bugu da kari, akwai biyu m gwajin, amma shafa ne mafi m. Kamu da streptococcal ciwon makogwaro iya zama a lamba tare da haƙuri, idan ba ka yi sauna. Babban cututtuka su ne:

• ciwon makogwaro, musamman a lokacin da hadiya.
• da yawan zafin jiki.
• janar wani rauni, jin sanyi.
• m mahaifa nodes.
• mucosal edema.
• fari ko surkin jini plaque a kan tonsils da makogwaro.
• a rare lokuta, ciki zafi.

Cutar da dama magani yana for har zuwa 5 days. Magunguna bukatar da za a zaba a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya ba su sha wahala kodan da kuma gidajen abinci.

Mafi sau da yawa rubũta maganin rigakafi ga marasa lafiya da baki, da kuma a lokuta na musamman subcutaneously. Don rage ciwon makogwaro sprays ko kurkura maƙogwaro da magani amfani da magunguna iri iri, broths daisies, yin burodi soda bayani.

Around guda bayyanar cututtuka kamar ciwon makogwaro, da mulufi zazzabi ne halin ne kawai a lokacin da cutar da ake kara punctulate ja rash duk kan jikin, ya sa ta hanyar streptococcal gubobi. Scarlet zazzabi a matsayin alama lura "strawberry harshe" (tare da wani farin shafi da kuma ja papillae). Jiyya ne kama da cewa bayyana a sama.

Streptococcal fata cuta

Wasu likitoci aika marasa lafiya da za a gwada wa strep CPR. Mene ne wannan? Eh, duk daya kwayoyin cocci. Gyara wannan kungiya kira Streptococcus SPP. Yana hada da saba pyogenic streptococci, wanda suke cikin hanyar yawa cututtuka, kazalika da Streptococcus pneumoniae, haddasa ciwon huhu, meningitis, mashako, kamuwa da cuta daga jini, da kuma Streptococcus mutans, alhakin caries kuma endocarditis.

Domin streptococcal fata cututtuka sun hada da impetigo da erysipelas.

A farko cuta sa pyogenic streptococci A-kungiya. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, shi ne sau da yawa gani a yara, idan ba complied tare da kiwon lafiya nagartacce. Streptococci kullum fada a kan fata mutane a rayuwar yau da kullum. Ina "abokai tare da tsarki" (wanke hannu, yi yau da kullum da rigar tsabtatawa), tare da fata cire. Kuma inda kiwon lafiya ba lafiya, Streptococcus zauna fata ci gaba da kuma a wata 'yar alamar rauni, ciki har da haske scratches da cizon kwari, shiga cikin subcutaneous Layer. A bayyanar cututtuka na impetigo ne kamar yadda m rash a kusa da hanci, lebe, da kuma sosai da wuya a wasu sassa na jiki. A mataki na farko, wadannan raunuka suna da wani nau'i na ja nodules (papules), wanda ake baya tuba zuwa surkin jini vesicles (blisters) da kuma bushe fashe yellowish ta samar da crusts. Bi da impetigo tare da maganin rigakafi.

Face ma sa pyogenic streptococci. Haka kuma cutar na faruwa saboda shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kwayoyin cuta a cikin subcutaneous nama. Sa - daban-daban take hakki mutunci na fata, daga cuts da cizon kwari. bayyanar cututtuka:

• redness, taushi, kumburi na shafa yankin na fata;
• jin sanyi.
• zazzaɓi.

Daya daga cikin mafi m fasali na Pathology ne da yiwuwar sake aukuwar cutar bayan shekaru da dama na fili magani.

ciwon huhu

A cuta yana da dama iri, dangane da pathogen. Streptococcal ciwon huhu - daya daga cikin mafi hatsari. Shi ne ake kira shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin huhu Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Za ka iya karba da kamuwa da cuta, numfashi iska, wanda ya ƙunshi pathogenic kwayoyin. Ciwon huhu fara ba zato ba tsammani, amma wani lokacin ta cigaba. bayyanar cututtuka:

• zazzabi.
• tari.
• ciwon kirji.
• shortness na numfashi;
• zazzabi.
• surkin jini exudate (ruɓaɓɓen jini jari a cikin huhu) - a aiwatar da cewa yana da karfi da hali da kara, da kuma idan gaggawa matakan da ake dauka ba, a cikin haske kafa spikes.

X-ray kamu da ciwon huhu, kazalika da gwaji na sputum sallama. Bi da maganin rigakafi da kuma corticosteroids, kamar yadda mai mulkin, na bukatar wani m m. Tsari far ci gaba da Ƙwararren ma'aikaci ne kawai! Ba tare da ta dace lura da ciwon huhu ne sau da yawa m.

Streptococcus agalactia: abin da shi ne

Tare da kungiyar A streptococcus, mu fiye ko žasa ana jerawa fita. Bari mu magana game da parasites na kungiyar B. Suna farko gano da karatu mastitis a shanu. Daga baya aka gano cewa wadannan kwayoyin sa kawai haife crumbs na meningitis da septicemia, yayin da uwayensu - puerperal sepsis. Parasites mai suna Streptococcus agalactiae (a Rasha - "Streptococcus agalactia"). Mene ne wannan? Amsar: shi ne mai matukar hatsari kwayoyin da kai ko dai zuwa mutuwa, ko zuwa tsanani rikitarwa. Jikinsu (cell bango) qunshi capsular polysaccharides, da karshen - 9 bambancin. Haka kuma, akwai 9 da Streptococcus agalactia serotypes. Don daidai sanin abin daya sa da rashin lafiya, ciyar sansanin gwajin. Raguwa - dai kawai babban birnin haruffa na sunayen masana kimiyya da hannu a wannan batu.

Saboda wasu da hannu a wasu matsaloli bayyana sukayi fassara. Saboda haka, kai, misali, streptococcus kungiyar B. Mene ne wannan? Eh, wannan abu kamar yadda Streptococcus agalactia. Wadannan su ne biyu da sunayen guda kwayoyin. Group B streptococci ne ko dai m, ko zagaye siffar. Su main "mazaunin" - da mutum urogenital tsarin. Jariri kwayoyin ake daukar kwayar cutar a lokacin haihuwa. Sepsis tasowa a lokacin da wannan duka 2% na yara, amma 50% na su mutu, da wadanda suka tsira sau da yawa wahala daga kwakwalwa cuta. Bayyanannu sepsis iya nan da nan (a cikin rana daya) ko a kan lokaci (daga daya mako zuwa watanni 3). bayyanar cututtuka:

• drowsiness.
• matalauta tsotsa.
• numfashi insufficiency.
• hypotension arteries.
• bacteremia (gaban kwayoyin cuta a cikin jini).
• ciwon huhu, ko meningitis.

A mata masu ciki streptococcal sepsis bayyana kanta a zafi da bloating, bacteremia. Wani lokaci za a fara meningitis da / ko infective endocarditis.

Dukkan Bayanai na 'yan asalin kungiyar B streptococci sa irin wannan cuta:

• meningitis.
• ciwon huhu.
• surkin jini amosanin gabbai.
• kumburi da urogenital fili.
• osteomyelitis.
• pelvic ƙurji, peritoneal da sauransu.

Streptococcal kungiyoyin C da D

A kananan yawan mutane sun samu sauran kungiyoyin na streptococci. Kwayoyin cutar na da kungiyar C ne beta-hemolytic da kuma haifar da wannan cuta a matsayin pathogens A-kungiya. Yana nufin da kungiyar D kuma streptococci, kuma enterococci. Sun sa cuta, yafi a cikin tsofaffi, frail mutum cuta, kuma a cikin waɗanda suka sami maganin rigakafi saboda uncontrolled m ma'auni na microflora a cikin jiki.

Mutane kan tambaye abin da kudi na streptococci, domin ba su ko da yaushe sa cuta. Kamar yadda irin wannan, akwai wani kullum. Wadannan kwayoyin cuta ne m, yayin da na rigakafi da tsarin shi ne iya "kiyaye su a cikin rajistan shiga." Saboda haka, babban aiki na dukan mu - don inganta da kuma ƙarfafa ku rigakafi da tsarin a duk hanyoyi, wanda su ne kawai samuwa. Idan ya ba zato ba tsammani ya raunana, streptococci ana samun daga iko da kuma kai hari. Halakar da kwayoyin cuta a gane a matsayin wurin ritaya a 'yan sa'o'i zai dauki sabon, saboda suna da cikakken a cikin yanayi. The baka streptococci zuwa raba up to 60% na dukkan kwayoyin. Amma ga streptococci a kungiyoyin, detectable a kan mucous al'aurar, kullum suka kada ta kasance.