Nizhnekamsk HPP: tarihi na ginin, da ya faru, janar bayanai

Nizhnekamsk HPP a Tatarstan ne na musamman da kawai makamashi kamfanin a kasar, da alaka da UES na Rasha. Ta hanyar wannan kamfanin, wani ɓangare na Holding "Tatenergo", mazaunan yankin ta samar da wutar lantarki.

Overview

Nizhnekamsk HPP tashar irin aka located a cikin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan a cikin Kama River kusa Yelabuga da Naberezhnye Chelny. Gina ikon shuka ya fara a shekarar 1963, da kuma aikin ta fara kawai a shekarar 1979. Kimanta HPP ne:

• dam na kankare ga spillway.
• Dam alluvial kogin gado.
• floodplain dam.
• mashigar.
• powerhouse.

Matsakaicin tsawo daga cikin floodplain da kogin dam ne 30 m da jimlar tsawon - 2.976 km. Railroads da hanyõyi, an sanya kai tsaye a kan dam. A kan talakawan ko'ina cikin shekara an samar a kan biliyan 2 kWh / h da wutar lantarki.

Bayan gina rikewa Tsarin kafa Nizhnekamsk tafki. A halin yanzu NEC ne 63,3 m. Kiwon da matakin zai samar da karin iko, amma ta lobbying shekaru da dama da hukumomin da makwabta yankuna.

Tarihi na ginin

Nizhnekamsk HPP fara aiki a shekarar 1979, a lokacin da cika matakin da tafki kai matakin na 62 m. Wannan matakin ne m m, saboda yana da tabbatar da hydroelectric aiki da kuma nassi na jiragen ruwa ta hanyar da kwa'di. Tafki flooded 78.000 kadada na kewaye ƙasar, amma da gina hydroelectric iko tashar aka asali kasaftawa 173.000 kadada a kan ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia da kuma Perm yankin. Kafin ambaliya da yankunan da suke kewaye da aka za'ayi to deforestation, kawar da na gida mazauna, kai kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma sadarwa. A karshe (16 th a jere) naúrar da aka kaddamar a 1987. By 1990, waterworks hukumomi da nufin tada matakin da tafki zuwa 68 mita, wanda ya janyo kalaman na zanga-zangar na daban-daban muhalli kungiyoyi. Saboda haka, su tãyar da matakin bai. Don matakin 63,5 m NHRI tashe kawai a 2002 a kan tushen da hadin gwiwa yarjejeniya da yankunan kasar hudu.

Matsaloli hade da tafki matakin Yunƙurin

Kamar yadda aikin takardun, da matakin ya zama a kusa da 68 m. Duk da haka, yanzu shi ne wani tsaka-tsaki, wanda ya sa da dama daga matsaloli cikin sharuddan da lafiyar qasa da kuma tattalin arziki. Tun da Nizhnekamsk HPP samar kasa ikon, da wuya kewayawa, kuma m aikin injiniya Tsarin fara dakushewa. Bugu da kari, a kowace shekara akwai algal blooms. 50% na yankin da tafki ne m (zurfin bã su sãduwa 2 m), wanda ya saba da tsafta norms. Idan ka tada matakin zuwa 68 mita, shi za a ambaliyar ruwa a manyan yawan yankunan da makwabta yankuna.

hatsari

A 2010, da Nizhnekamsk HPP fashewa, wanda aka riga da hayaki. A sakamakon haka, biyu kamfanin ma'aikata ne aka kashe, 10 - da suka ji rauni. A tushen da fashewa ya lalace da synchronous kwampreso kai a cikin iska da bukatun da ikon shuka. Dalili kuwa wani mai zuba, wanda aka baya mai tsanani har da gauraye da iska. Duk da haka, da hatsari ba zai shafi aikin da sha'anin.

The kawai ikon shuka a Tatarstan ne Nizhnekamsk HPP. Naberezhnye Chelny da Yelabuga ne mafi kusa ga shi ƙauyuka. HPP ya fara aiki a shekarar 1979, amma har yanzu ba ta isa zane iya aiki. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa matakin da tafki a kan wani shirin kamata isa 68 m, amma yanzu ya ke a matakin 63,5 m. Nizhnekamsk HPP haɗa da hadaden Energy System na Rasha Federation da kuma tattalin arziki muhimmanci ga yankin.