Taiga ƙasa. Features halitta yanki

Taiga - wannan shi ne babbar halitta yankin. Yana daukan game da 27% na jimlar yankin na Duniya ta gandun daji. A bird's-ido taiga - sararin Pine gandun daji. Ta na da kyau da kuma a lokaci guda tsoratarwa. Eurasian boreal gandun daji ne dauke da most m halitta yanki na duniya. Relief taiga - shi ne mafi yawa filayen kwari da kadan tuddai.

Janar halaye na halitta yanki

A cikin babban yankin Eurasia Taiga fara a Scandinavia, ya ci gaba a fadin nahiyar da kuma kara zuwa tekun Pacific. A North America, wannan halitta yanki lullube daga gabas zuwa yamma da kuma wuce ta ƙasar irin kasashen Amurka da kuma Canada.

Bayan duk wannan, da taiga - mafi arewacin gandun daji zone. Saboda haka, an mamaye da conifers - spruce kuma Pine, kamar yadda deciduous ba zai iya jure irin low yanayin zafi. Wannan halitta yanki ne da ake kira "kore huhu na Duniya", saboda coniferous gandun daji nuna yawa oxygen.

Relief taiga - glacial type, saboda gaskiyar cewa da karkararta da aka gudanar gleiser.

A sauyin yanayi da kuma ƙasa daga taiga

A sauyin yanayi ne na halitta yanki a yamma teku. Ga m hunturu da wani talakawan zafin jiki na -10 digiri da kuma gwada da dumi rani, a wannan lokacin, da talakawan zafin jiki ne 10 digiri. A gabashin taiga sauyin yanayi da nahiyar, da yawan zafin jiki a cikin hunturu watanni iya isa -40 digiri. Summers ne in mun gwada dumi, amma sosai short.

A hazo ne daga 200 mm zuwa 1000 mm a kowace shekara. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, wani adadin hazo ba zai iya ƙafe saboda matsananci yanayi, don haka a cikin gandun daji da yawa Marshes da tabkuna.

A kasar gona daga cikin taiga zone - podzolic, sod-podzolic. Wannan shi ne saboda cewa da bazuwar kayayyakin na ma'adinai da kuma Organic abubuwa a rigar yanayi kasance a cikin ƙananan ƙasa Layer. Lokacin da motsi zuwa arewa aka mamaye permafrost.

Flora da fauna da taiga zone

haske coniferous taiga

Fi: larch da kuma Pine.

Larch iya jure yanayin zafi saukar zuwa -70 digiri. Saboda haka, wannan irin da aka rinjãya a arewa-maso-gabashin sashi a cikin wani sharply nahiyar sauyin yanayi.

duhu coniferous taiga

Mamaye spruce, da itacen al'ul, fir.

Siberian spruce - rinjaye view. Forest na spruce yana da wani undergrowth. A karkashin bishiyoyi kawai inuwa-m shuke-shuke.

Fir tsiro a yammacin da kuma gabashin sassa na taiga a milder canjin yanayin.

Siberian itacen al'ul, kazalika da spruce, - babban itacen jinsunan duhu coniferous gandun daji. Ya shekaru iya isa 800 shekaru.

Hankula wakilan ne taiga fauna bear, kerkẽci, zomo, Elk, kurege, Lynx, takaddamarsu, da mujiya, Jay et al. Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya su da irin wannan iri kamar yadda Siberian damisa, Musk, Wolverine.

Features taimako taiga

taiga sauƙi ne kusan gaba daya lebur, kamar yadda mafi yawan boreal gandun daji da aka located a kan Rasha a fili. Gabas Turai Bayyana aka rufe glaciers, wanda matukar yin tasiri a taimako na boreal gandun daji. Kasa mu tattauna a more daki-daki da taimako na taiga a Rasha.

Kola Larabawa da kuma Karelia

A nan ne na kowa da metamorphic m-crystalline kankara. A arewa na Karelia tsawo ya kai 650 mita pronounced kankara. Landforms Larabawa: naman tunkiya gõshinansu eskers, drumlins, Dome-dimbin yawa tuddai.

Masana kimiyya bayar da shawarar cewa a lokacin da mãsu bãyar da bãya daga cikin gleiser Gulf, White Sea da kuma Lake Onega sun daya.

Timan kunya ya kai wani tsawo na 325 m a cikin sama Vychegda. Matsakaicin tsawo daga cikin Kola Larabawa - a Khibiny da Lovozero tundra (1300 m, kuma 1120 m, bi da bi). Coniferous dazuzzuka girma har zuwa 350 mita.

West Siberian Bayyana

Relief fasali na taiga a Rasha ta'allaka ne da cewa nan ne mamaye filayen kwari. A kan West Siberian Bayyana za a iya samu, yafi a cikin kwance adibas na Quaternary da kuma zurfi na lokaci, kawai a arewa, kusa da Likitan mata da Sosva koguna ne Lower Jurassic da kuma Upper Cretaceous adibas.

An zaci cewa a Yammacin Siberia biyu glaciations ya faru.

A wani ɓangare na dama banki na Yenisei River Yenisei Ridge lullube, wanda aka folded Lower Paleozoic da Precambrian kankara. Ridge kai tsawo na 1132 m.

Jamhuriyar Siberian Filato

Filato kara zuwa Aldan, iyaka Taimyr tundra a arewa. . Its tsawo jeri daga 300 m zuwa 500 m cikin tsakiya Siberian Plateau ne Tunguska duwãtsu Vilyuisk Mountain - erosional asalin. The Cambrian da Silurian a cikin wannan yankin ne a cikin teku, wanda aka tabbatar da marine sediments a wannan lokacin.

taiga taimako ne ba sosai bambancin, amma permeability a cikin wannan sashi ne sosai wuya saboda da manyan yawan dausayi, kananan tabkuna da kuma thickets.

A tattalin arziki da yin amfani da taiga

Bugu da kari zuwa high quality-itace da Jawo, a cikin taiga ake mined ma'adanai. Geologists kowace shekara gano sabon adibas.

Da ake ci gaba tama da kwal da man fetur, da lu'u-lu'u da zinariya, da apatites. Domin inganta sadarwa da aiki na hakar ma'adinai yankunan don gina hanyar jirgin kasa. Wannan ne guda mafi kudin-tasiri hanyar safarar ma'adanai da su daga wuri na samarwa a manyan aiki cibiyoyin. Saboda haka Baikal-Amur Mainline, wanda gudanar ta hanyar da kudu na Eastern Siberia da aka gina.

Ta hanyar taiga zone karya daga fadar White Sea-Baltic Canal, wadda ta ha White Sea tare da Baltic. Saboda haka, motocin dakon iya kawo lodi daga St. Petersburg zuwa wasu garuruwa dake kan gaba na Barents kuma White Tekuna.

Dama ga dabbobi da kuma sha'anin noma

The taimako na taiga a Rasha domin mafi yawan bangare low-maƙaryaciya. A cikin gandun daji akwai da yawa floodplain kuma upland fadamun, wanda ne cikakke ga dabbõbin shanu. Good sod kasa sa shi yiwuwa a shuka amfanin gona,: hatsin rai, da sha'ir, da flax, dankali, fodder amfanin gona.

Amma kada ku zãgi dukiyar wannan halitta yankin. Wannan zai iya kai wa ga irreparable muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi. Yana da daraja ambaton cewa gandun daji na taiga - a kore huhu na duniya.