Asarar rabe-raben: haddasawa da kuma sakamakon. nazarin halittu bambancin

Muhalli suna kara ƙararrawa game da catastrophic asarar rabe-raben a duniya hade da na zamani mutum aiki, wanda shi ne a cikin masu rinjaye, dake zaune a cikin birnin, kusan ba ya tsoma baki da yanayi, ba shi da wani ra'ayi na ta bambancin da zai iya kawai ganin a TV. Wannan halitta a ji na rashin laifi na rabe-raben wa rayuwar yau da kullum, amma shi ba.

Mene ne rabe-raben?

A lokaci rabe-raben da masana kimiyya fiye gane a matsayin bambancin da rayuwa a duniya - shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, da kwari, fungi, kwayoyin cuta da kuma kunsa da cewa sun samar da. A wannan ra'ayi akwai kuma dangantakar da ta wanzu a tsakanin su. Biodiversity iya faruwa:

• a gene matakin, shi sa wani irin mutane canzawa;
• A jinsin matakin, shi nuna irin bambancin da jinsunan (shuke-shuke, da dabbobi, fungi, kwayoyin).
• bambancin da muhalli tsarin (al'amarin), wannan ya hada da bambance-bambance tsakanin su da daban-daban yanayi (mazauninsu, muhalli matakai).

Ka tuna cewa duk da aka ambata iri bambancin ne m. A yawa ta kunsa da daban-daban shimfidar haifar da yanayi na zargin sabon nau'in, bambancin kwayoyin sa ya yiwu a canza a cikin wani nau'in. Asarar rabe-raben tattaunawa game da wasu take hakki na wadannan matakai.

A halin yanzu, muhalli suna kara ƙararrawa saboda gaskiyar cewa wani mutum ya warware da yanayin habitats, muhalli matakai, da mutum halitta wani sabon nau'in na shuke-shuke da dabbobi a kayyade matakin. Ta yaya zai shafi makomar na rayuwa a duniya, shi ne ba a sani ba. Bayan duk, kome a cikin yanayi ne da juna. Wannan ne evidenced da ake kira "malam sakamako." Game da shi gaya duniya almarar kimiyya marubuci Rey Bredberi a cikin labarin "A Sound na Thunder" a tsakiyar karni na karshe.

Da rashin yiwuwar rai ba tare da rabe-raben

A mafi muhimmanci da kuma muhimmanci da ta wanzu a duniya - shi ne rabe-raben. Kada mu san shi, ko ba, amma mu dukan rayuwata dogara a kan dũkiya na duniya ne a nazarin halittu, kazalika da dabbobi da ciyayi ba shi a gare mu. Godiya ga shuke-shuke, da muka samu isasshen oxygen, da kuma kayan dogara ne a kan su ba mu ba kawai abinci, amma kuma itace, takarda, masana'anta.

A wannan zamanin mu technogenic bukatar wata babbar adadin kuzari samu ta hanyar kona man fetur, wanda aka samar daga man fetur, da kafa da bazuwar daga cikin saura daga cikin jam'i na kwayoyin, da kuma shuke-shuke. adam rayuwa ba tare da rabe-raben ne ba zai yiwu ba.

Akuma ga store, mu saya abinci, kunsasshen a sachets, kadan tunani game da inda aka dauka. A rayuwa na fi na yawan faruwa a wani wucin gadi yanayi da cewa kunshi kwalta, kankare, karfe da roba kayan, amma shi ba ya nufin cewa sakamakon na rabe-raben asarar zai gabatar da wani jam'iyyar.

Rayuwa a Duniya da kuma ta bambancin

A tarihin duniya Duniya ya nuna cewa a lokuta daban-daban da aka sanaki yawa masu rai, mafi yawan abin da su a sakamakon juyin halitta, ya mutu daga kuma aka maye gurbinsu da sabon nau'in. Wannan aka yuwuwa ta da yanayi da kuma haddasawa, ko da a cikin sau na halitta stagnation faru akan rage rabe-raben, da bambancin da jinsunan karu.

Nature aka shirya don haka da cewa duk abin da a da shi ne a cikin sadarwa. Babu irin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ba zai iya rayuwa da kuma ci gaba a cikin rufaffiyar yanayi. Wannan za a nuna ta da yawa gwaje-gwajen a kan halittar zama ruwan dare nazarin halittu tsarin, da cikakken auka daga cikin wadanda aka ci zarafinsu.

Modern masana kimiyya ya bayyana da kuma karatu 1.4 miliyan jinsunan halittu masu rai, amma bisa ga lissafin a duniya akwai tsakanin 5 da 30 da miliyan jinsunan da cewa rayuwa, ci gaba, dangane da yanayi. Ya zo ta halitta. Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta karkashin mulkin mallakar dukan duniya. Suna zaune a cikin ruwa, da iska, a kan ƙasa. Su za a iya samu a cikin hamada da kuma Arewa da ta Kudu zones. Nature samar da duk abin da ya cancanta don ci gaba da rayuwa a duniya.

Da taimakon rayayyun kwayoyin halitta wuce nitrogen da carbon keke, wanda, bi da bi, tana goyon bayan zaman majalisar da kuma aiki na albarkatun. M rayuwa yanayi, wanda halitta da yanayin duniya, kuma an kayyade ta rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Wanda na taimaka wa mai raguwa a rabe-raben?

A farko rage na gandun daji yankunan. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da shuke-shuke wasa mai da muhimmanci sosai rawa a cikin rayuwar duniya. Taiga da jungles kira huhu na duniya, godiya ga su da cewa ta ne samun isashshen sunadarin oxygen da. Bugu da kari, fiye da rabin da jinsunan halittu masu rai, akwai a cikin Jungle, yana daukan kawai 6% na duniya ta surface. Suna da ake kira kayyade asusu, tara a kan miliyan 100 shekaru na ci gaba a duniya. Hasara zai zama babu ja da zai iya kai duniya don kammala wani muhalli bala'i.

A Sanadin rabe-raben asara - wannan shi ne mutum aiki, ta hanyar mayar da duniyar domin ya sadu nasu, ba ko da yaushe justifiably ya ɗaukaka bukatun. Uncontrolled deforestation da taiga Jungle take kaiwa zuwa da bacewar da dama jinsunan rayuwa, ko unexplored da undescribed mutum ya kunsa, kuma rushewa daga ruwa balance.

Wannan yana yuwuwa ta yankan da kuma kona daji, girbi na daban-daban shuka iri da kuma kamun kifi, gudanar a predatory masu girma dabam, da yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari, draining na dausayi, halakar murjani reefs da felling na mangoro, da karuwa a gona da kuma yankin na ƙauyuka.

A fili yake cewa da ci gaban fasaha, fasaha ci gaba ba a daina. Amma wajibi ne a dauki matakan magance muhalli kalubale na rabe-raben hasãra.

The International Yarjejeniyar a kan Halittu Diversity

A saboda wannan dalili, shi soma da "Yarjejeniyar a kan Halittu Diversity", wanda aka sanya hannu da 181 ƙasashe, wanda gwamnatoci sun zaci da wajibi don adana shi a cikin nasu kasashen, sun dauki alkawalin yin aiki tare da sauran kasashe da su raba amfanin kayyade albarkatun.

Amma wannan bai hana asarar rabe-raben a duniya. A halin da ake ciki muhalli a duniya da ake zama taba more barazana. Amma akwai bege cewa kowa hankali da cewa Allah ya bai wa mutum fi.

Juyin Halitta - da engine na rayuwa

Engine rayuwa gaba ne juyin halitta, a sakamakon wanda wasu nau'in kuma mutuwa daga da kuma sababbi bayyana. All zamani halittu masu rai sun maye gurbin da dadaddun, kuma, kamar yadda masana kimiyya sun lasafta, daga bambancin da jinsunan da suka wanzu a cikin ƙasa, a yau adadi ne kawai 1% na jimlar yawan.

Nau'i nau'i na jinsin - shi ne halitta batu na ci gaba, amma yanzu kudi na asarar rabe-raben a duniya ne sha musantawa, yana mai take hakkin da na halitta kai-tsari da kuma shi ya zama daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci matsalolin muhalli ta 'yan adam.

Aikin na nau'in a cikin biosphere

The ilmi daga mutãne game da irin rawa da wakilai daga wani nau'in a cikin Muciya, ne negligible. Amma masana kimiyya sani cewa kowane jinsi yana da wani takamaiman ma'anar a cikin yanayi. The bacewar daya jinsin da kuma rashin iyawa ga maye gurbin shi da wani sabon iya haifar da wata sarkar dauki cewa zai kai ga nau'i nau'i na mutum.

dole ayyuka

Farko na dukan 'yan adam ya yi kokarin kiyaye dazuzzukan kurmi. Kamar wancan barin yiwuwar ajiye wasu jinsunan halittu masu rai da kuma shuke-shuke daga nau'i nau'i. Ajiye Jungle zai kai ga karfafawa da sauyin yanayi.

Jungle - kai tsaye tushen arziki kayyade abu, wata taska trove na daban-daban irin na dabba. Bugu da kari, shi ne tushen shuke-shuke, a kan tushen da mutum ya Halicci musamman miyagun ƙwayoyi. Humidifying da yanayi, na wurare masu zafi gandun daji su hana sauyin yanayi na duniya.