Hokkaido Island, Japan: description, details, ban sha'awa da kuma facts reviews

Japan - a kasar wanda shi ne daya daga cikin mafi fi so daga mutane da yawa matafiya. Beautiful yanayi na Japan, ta musamman arziki tarihi da kuma musamman al'adun jawo hankalin mutane da yawa daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

wuri fasalillika da aka sifanta a kasa duniya geographically kusurwa shi ne cewa shi ne biyu da mafi easterly da arewacin tsibirin Japan tarin tsiburai.

Japan Hokkaido

Shi ne na biyu mafi girma a tsibirin Japan. A arewacin na da matsananci aya, kazalika da cikin Japan - Cape Soya, da kuma gabashin - kabido nosappu-Salem.

A mafi kusa makwabta tsibirin - Honshu, rabu da da Tsugaru mashigar. Ruwaye na Okhotsk Sea wanke arewacin tudu, Tekun Japan - Western, da kuma Pacific Ocean - gabas.

Honshu - tsibirin Hokkaido ya fi girma. A baya can, ya aka sani da Hondo da Nippon. Yana da ya ƙunshi 60% na yankin a ko'ina cikin kasar. Amma Hokkaido, daya daga cikin 4 most tsibirin na Japan, da mafi kyau kiyaye primeval yanayi. Game da 10% na da karkararta ne shagaltar da kasa Parks (20 a total). Saboda haka, yana da cibiyar na Hokkaido ecotourism.

A yankin tsibirin Hokkaido yana da jimillar yanki na kan 83.453 km2.
Yana kawaici 5.507.456 mutane (bisa ga statistics for 2010).

A takaice dai tarihi na tsibirin Hokkaido

Motsi a Hokkaido yanki ya fara game da dubu 20. Shekaru da suka wuce. A waɗannan kwanaki Ainu rayu a nan - daya daga cikin mafi mutãnen farkon ya na Japan tsibirin. A tarihin ci gaban da Japan tsibirin har yanzu rike da wata babbar dama wasanin gwada ilimi. The sosai farko reference aka sani ga masu bincike-masana kimiyya a cikin kwanaki, da aka yi a kan shafukan da "Hong Shoki" - Japan rubuta abin tunawa, dating daga ƙarni na takwas BC

Akwai fairly na kowa ka'idar cewa Vatarishima tsibirin (game da shi da kuma kira a wannan labarinsa) ne Hokkaido, wanda aka haka suna kawai a 1869.

A tsibirin (Ainu) aka tsunduma a lokacin kama kifi da farauta, da kuma data kasance a lokacin cinikayya da ke makwabtaka da tsibiran, ya ba su damar da za su samar da kansu tare da shinkafa, da baƙin ƙarfe.

The m shiru rayuwa sun ƙare a XIV-XV ƙarni, a lokacin da Japan hankali ya fara shirya a cikin makwabtaka da sashin Oshima (daga Hokkaido kudu-maso-yammacin). Yana da aka mafadaci dauka da Ainu, wanda ya haddasa soja mataki da cewa ya ƙare a 1475, a lokacin da shugaban da aka kashe.

A lokacin da heyday ta sarautar Prince Matsumae, karkarar wanda aka located, yafi a game. Oshima, Hokkaido tsibirin hankali ya zama wani ɓangare na dũkiyõyinsu. Sa'an nan, tun da tsibirin m dogon-tsaye gwagwarmaya tsakanin gida mazauni da kuma Japan. Ainu tawaye har da 2nd rabin na 18th karni, amma ba sakamakon wadannan ayyuka ba su kawo. Japan amincewa gudanar muhimmanci tsibirin a hannuwansu, duk da fiye da haka a lokacin da akwai har yanzu a dama a wani hari Rasha daga yamma.

A 1868-1869 gg. Hokkaido Ezo akwai mai zaman kanta jamhuriyar, wanda aka zayyana bayan motsi zuwa tsibirin dubban yaki, zaba bayan na farko da zaben na Japan shugaban na jamhuriyar - E. Admiral Takeaki.

The sarki ba su sha wahala irin arbitrariness a yankuna, da kuma a cikin watan Maris 1869 da Jamhuriyar Ezo da aka soke, da kuma ta shugaban da aka yanke wa hukunci.

Hard sau for tsibirin ya a shekarar 1945, lokacin da ta yankin ƙasar ya mai tsanani harin bom. A sakamakon haka, mugun lalace yawa garuruwa da kauyuka.

Relief mined ma'adanai

Hokkaido tsibirin ne mafi yawa mountainous ƙasa. Fiye da rabin ƙasar ne shagaltar da duwatsu, da sauran aka rufe da filayen. Mountain ridges (Hidaka, Tokachi et al.), Elongated a cikin shugabanci submeridional. Tsororuwar Hokkaido - Dutsen Asahi (tsawo 2290 mita). Tsibirin 8 ne volcanoes, a cikinsa aiki. Sau da yawa, a nan, kamar yadda a Japan, da raurawar asa faruwa.

Mined a tsibirin wuya kwal, tama da sulfur.

Cities da kabilu na yawan

Hokkaido (Prefecture) administratively kasu kashi 14 sub-jahohi.
Tsibirin babban birnin kasar - Sapporo, tare da yawan jama'a na 1.915.542 mutane (a cewar 2010 statistics na shekara).

Sapporo - mafi girma a birnin a Hokkaido. Daga cikin Kuril tsibiran rabu da Straits ya magudi da kuma Kunashir.

Manyan birane na tsibirin - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. The kabilu ne quite sauki: Japanese - 98,5% na jimlar yawan, Koriya - 0.5%, Sin - 0.4% da kuma sauran kabilu (ciki har da Ainus) - kawai 0.6%.

Koguna da tabkuna

The most kogin tsibirin - Ishikari (tsawon 265 km) da kuma Tokachi (tsawon kilomita 156).
mafi girma lake - Sikotsu, Toya da Kuttyaro (bakin dutse) da kuma Sar (tafasan asalin). Akwai wani gagarumin adadin Hokkaido da kananan volcanic tabkuna da cewa ana ciyar da ma'adinai maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi.

sauyin yanayi

Hokkaido yana da wani yanayi a bit daban-daban fiye da sauran sassa na Japan. A nan, da talakawan shekara-shekara zafin jiki ne kawai +8 ° C. Saboda da kusanci zuwa ga Pacific Ocean a cikin wadannan yankunan ga shekara ne wani talakawan of kawai 17 da cikakken kwana na sunshine. Amma a lokacin rani lokaci akwai kusan 149 ruwa, da kuma hunturu - game da 123 snow kwanaki.

Kuma duk da haka, bisa ga Japan nagartacce bazara sauyin yanayi a tsibirin Hokkaido, drier, da kuma hunturu - da tsanani fiye da a wasu yankuna na kasar.

Eh, da kuma manufar "arewa" a Hokkaido ne quite zumunta. Alal misali, birnin Wakkanai, located a cikin matsananci arewa na tsibirin, located kudu na birnin Paris. A general, wannan tsibirin a Japan aka dauke "matsananci Arewa."

Flora da fauna

Mafi yawa daga cikin ciyayi a Hokkaido ne coniferous gandun daji (fir da spruce), cike da koyaswa bamboo (dauki 60% na tsibirin). Pine, Birch gandun daji da kuma shrub heaths kowa a cikin duwatsu.

Daga cikin dabbobi masu shayarwa akwai Foxes, beyar, Sable, ermine da weasels. Duk da Japan tsibirin (Hokkaido, daga gare su) lugar mamaki bambancin duniya tsuntsaye da su ga ~ ar ruwan yawaita da yawa jinsunan kifaye.

gani

Menene ban sha'awa, sai dai da ban mamaki musamman yanayi, zai iya har yanzu a gani a tsibirin Hokkaido? Matafiyi Reviews a kan wannan tsibirin, don wannan al'amarin, da kuma game da dukan of Japan, mafi kyau.

A Sapporo, akwai da dama sananne wurare: agogon hasumiyar wannan sunan - shi ne daya daga cikin 'yan tsira gine-gine na marigayi karni na 19th a cikin American mulkin mallaka style. Botanical Garden tare da kiyaye su da rabo daga cikin halitta gandun daji da cewa da zarar ya girma a kan wurin da birnin. Odori babban titi. TV Tower (tsawo 147 mita); Mountain Capelin kilomita 8 daga cikin babban birnin kasar. giya gidan kayan gargajiya (sau daya a factory domin ta samar). Nakajima Park.

A birnin Hakodate a can pyatibastionnaya sansanin soja (1864); Sufi Koryudzi. Church na tashin Ubangiji da kuma coci Katolika Momomati. Sufi Higashi Honganji.

A tsibirin akwai Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-Toya National Park, Kushiro-Sitsugen, Akan, Shiretoko, Rebun da Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Parks kusan - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, prefectural halitta shakatawa Akkeshi.

A ƙarshe, 'yan ban sha'awa facts

• A baya can an yi tunanin cewa Hokkaido - Rasha tsibirin. Japan bai nuna wani amfani a ko da Kuril Islands, Sakhalin kuma, kafin karshen 18th karni. Island a baya a Japan a hukumance a rashin nasaba da ƙasa. A 1786 zo da Japan hadu a can tare da yan unguwa, sawa Rasha sunayen da Surnames. Waɗannan su ne magabatan da sosai Ainu, wanda ya dauki da zarar ta Rasha dan kasa da kuma Orthodoxy a farkon 18th karni. Ainu mutane amfani da su zauna a cikin ƙasa na Rasha (Sakhalin, a kudancin Kamchatka da Kuril Islands). Wannan al'umma yana rarrabe - a Turai bayyanar. Yau a Japan akwai kimanin 30 da 000 na yara, amma sun iya assimilated da Japan a lokacin wannan dogon lokaci.

• A Sapporo Snow Festival da aka gudanar a shekara, wanda aka farko da aka gudanar a 1950. Wannan irin nuni da snow Figures.

• A Hokkaido yawa maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi yawaita. The mafi ban sha'awa na wadannan ne Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). A wannan site akwai yawa geysers, lokaci-lokaci soars sama da ƙasa.

• A ta fannin Hokkaido ne kamar daidaita da Austria ƙasa.

• Tun shekarar 1859, a Sapporo aiki wani Orthodox coci, gina sojojin na Rasha Church Ofishin Jakadancin - Church na tashin Ubangiji. Tun shekarar 1983, shi a hukumance nasa ne da al'adu na Japan.